基于空间划分的海量数据K邻近新算法

逆向工程中,对测量数据的处理首先要建立数据点之间的拓朴结构,这通常通过计算点的K邻近来实现.文中在分析现有算法的基础上,提出了一种新的基于空间划分的海量数据K邻近算法.该算法综合考虑了点云密度、点云数量以及K值对小立方体栅格边长的影响,通过确定合适的小立方体栅格边长以及排除不包含点云数据的小立方体栅格来确定邻近点最佳搜索范围,从而提高了搜索速度,保证了搜索结果的正确性.最后通过逆向软件的二次开发编程验证了算法.     

海量点云数据轮廓特征线的快速生成算法

从海量点云数据中快速生成轮廓特征线,是实现基于特征的模型重建的关键.提出了一种基于切片的轮廓特征线快速生成算法.该算法首先对点云数据进行切片,将数字图像的方法应用到基于切片的特征点提取中,通过设置数字栅格平面的边长快速地提取特征点,并根据提出的双向索引连通法快速构造特征线,最终实现了点云数据的曲线模型.实例证明:本算法可以快速、准确地生成海量点云数据的轮廓特征线.     

基于地铁隧道点云数据的组合滤波算法

目的提出一种点云数据组合的滤波方法,对地铁隧道的点云数据进行有效的精简滤波,提高地铁隧道结构变形分析的准确性.方法首先,对三维点云数据采用基于统计特征的滤波方法进行初步滤波,去除远离点云数据主体的离散点;其次,估算点云数据模型各数据点的高斯曲率,将点云数据分为突变区域和平滑区域;最后,采用双边滤波算法对突变区域点云数据进行滤波,采用改进的均值滤波算法对平滑区域点云数据进行滤波处理.结果通过对沈阳地铁隧道点云数据进行滤波实验及拟合圆半径分析,笔者所提组合滤波算法可以在保留隧道壁和轨道等结构的情况下,去除离散点和隧道壁上的无关非点等噪声;该算法对点云数据进行了有效精简,拟合圆的半径与设计半径差值更小,结果精度更高.结论笔者所提出的滤波算法可去除地铁三维点云数据的噪声点,并完整保留了隧道结构的几何细节特征,提高了变形分析的精度.     

保留边界特征的点云简化算法

为有效简化点云数据,提出保留边界特征的点云简化算法。该算法利用三维栅格划分法建立散乱点云的空间拓扑关系,计算每个数据点的近邻,通过球拟合法求得其曲率和具有方向性的法向量,采用投影点个数比值法找到并保留点云边界,根据具体情况设定所需阈值,对非边界点进行分类,通过对点的曲率与平均曲率比较、近邻保留点与近邻点个数比例,完成点云简化。实验结果表明：该算法不仅能对点云进行直接有效地简化,而且还能很好地保留点云模型的细节特征,简化比例达25％～40％。该方法可以满足不同种类点云简化的要求,能够提高计算机运行效率。     

一种结合了栅格化和特征判断的点云压缩方法

为解决三维激光扫描技术获取的点云数据数量庞大,致使后续数据处理效率降低的问题,采用算法研究和编程试验的方法,栅格划分点云数据,研究空间栅格的拓扑数学模型和栅格中点云特征判断机制,提出一种新的压缩方法并编程实现,试验分析了该方法的压缩效果.研究结果表明:该方法在实现高效压缩的同时能够保留大量的特征信息,为后续的三维模型重建奠定基础.     

一种结合了栅格化和特征判断的点云压缩方法

为解决三维激光扫描技术获取的点云数据数量庞大,致使后续数据处理效率降低的问题,采用算法研究和编程试验的方法,栅格划分点云数据,研究空间栅格的拓扑数学模型和栅格中点云特征判断机制,提出一种新的压缩方法并编程实现,试验分析了该方法的压缩效果.研究结果表明:该方法在实现高效压缩的同时能够保留大量的特征信息,为后续的三维模型重建奠定基础.     

基于激光雷达点云密度特征的智能车障碍物检测与跟踪

现有的基于点云数据的车载三维激光雷达障碍物检测和跟踪存在实时性差、准确率不高以及场景内障碍物数目增多时难以有效关联等问题。针对这些不足,文章提出了结合区域生长与密度聚类的算法以及同时考虑了障碍物几何特征与点云密度特征的关联方法。基于栅格地图,运用最大、最小高度图法去除背景点云数据;在得到可靠障碍栅格地图后,搜索匹配8邻域栅格属性,结合自适应阈值的密度特征进行聚类,提高了障碍物检测准确率;考虑了障碍物的点云密度特征和高度特征,提高了障碍物关联的可靠性并运用卡尔曼滤波器对动态障碍物进行了跟踪。在自行搭建的智能车平台上进行的实车实验验证了该文算法的有效性。     

大型储罐的三维点云精简方法研究

针对大型储罐三维点云数据散乱、冗余点多等影响计算机显示及容积计算的问题,改进了一种储罐三维点云精简算法。该方法先利用均匀网格法,将待处理的三维点云数据分割成若干小栅格;然后根据随机抽样一致(random sample consensus,RANSAC)算法对每个栅格中的点云数据建立球模型,以保留特征点并滤除冗余数据点,达到精简点云的目的。将该方法与传统的均匀网格法和非均匀网格法进行对比,实验结果表明该方法在保证较高精简率的情况下可以更好地保留储罐点云数据特征。     

特征保持的点云精简技术研究

为了在保持特征的基础上有效地简化点云数据,提出了基于聚类的点云精简算法.对点云进行三维栅格剖分,在每个栅格中选取1个代表点作为初始类核心,然后将点云中其他数据点归入欧氏距离最近的初始类中,遍历各个类,若类内某两点的法向量偏差大于给定带宽则对该类进行迭代细分,并对各个类进行均值漂移处理,将得到的局部模态点取代该类,从而实现点云简化.以手机外壳、人头、麻花钻为典型实例,对具有不同表面特征的点云数据进行了验证.结果表明,该算法能对点云数据进行直接而有效的精简,在曲率变化大、附加特征多的表面仍能很好地保留原始模型的几何形状.     

基于经纬网格的点云孔洞填补算法

为解决三维点云数据存在复杂的点云孔洞、对后续处理造成影响的问题,提出一种基于经纬网格的点云修补算法。首先将点云的三维坐标转换到球坐标系,形成三维球体,并对球体进行经纬网格的区域划分;然后找出每一个网格区域对应的点云三维坐标点,并求出点的密度;最后,利用密度较小区域邻近区域的点进行样条插值,来填补孔洞,实验证明了该算法的稳健性,恢复复杂物体的表面信息效果较好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.