对羟基偶氮苯电化学氧化降解机理研究

研究对羟基偶氮苯在电生成羟基自由基的氧化降解下最后矿化成CO2和H2O.UV、IR、HPLC等方法的测试结果表明:在对对羟基偶氮苯氧化降解的过程中,首先羟基自由基作用于对羟基偶氮苯上N的N,使其断裂生成芳香族类化合物;续而羟基自由基亲电子作用结合于苯环上生成羟基化派生物,进一步氧化使苯环断裂生成脂肪酸类有机物,羟基自由基氧化降解对羟基偶氮苯符合宏观一级反应动力学模型.     

H3ZnPMo10V2O40纳米催化剂的固相合成及其催化性能

采用室温固相反应法合成出H3ZnPMo10V2O40.6H2O的纳米催化剂,用元素分析I、R、XRD、TEM等手段确定其组成、结构和性能,同时考察了其用于苯-过氧化氢直接羟化合成苯酚反应的催化活性和机理.结果表明:产物仍保持杂多阴离子的Keggin结构,晶粒尺寸约为12 nm,比表面积为148 m2.g-1;在催化苯羟基化的反应中,活性中心是钒的过氧化物,苯酚收率>50%,选择性>98%.     

荧光分光光度法测定两种中药对羟基自由基的清除作用

Fe2 EDTA在弱碱性介质中还原溶解氧生成超氧阴离子自由基(O 2·),O 2·进一步歧化为H2O2和氧分子,之后Fe2 EDTA与H2O2反应生成羟基自由基(·OH).·OH进攻对苯二甲酸产生唯一的强荧光羟基化产物2 羟基对苯二甲酸(HOTP).·OH清除剂加入体系后,与对苯二甲酸竞争结合·OH,导致对苯二甲酸的羟基化产物HOTP的生成量减少,从而导致体系荧光强度明显降低.我们首次成功地将以上原理运用于中药对·OH清除作用的研究,并于实验中首次发现中药白头翁和半支莲可以清除·OH,两种中药对·OH的清除具有负协同效应,同时测定了它们对·OH的清除率分别为白头翁IC50=1.80×10-2mg/mL;半支莲IC50=1.76×10-2mg/mL.     

微球硅胶负载TS-1的制备、表征及催化苯羟基化的研究

通过浸渍法制得微球硅胶负载TS-1分子筛催化剂.用XRDI、R和SEM技术对催化剂进行表征.对催化剂催化苯羟基化的工艺进行研究.结果表明,TS-1分子筛能够很好负载于硅胶表面.在苯和H2O2初始量分别为0.5 mol和0.1 mol、催化剂加入量为8g、反应温度60℃下,经过3h的反应,苯的转化率达到10.32%,酚选择性超过99%.催化剂易于回收,经多次重复使用后,苯转化率为9.42%,酚选择性为94.89%.     

Dawson型磷钼钒过渡金属盐催化氧化苯制苯酚

采用酸碱中和法制备了一系列Dawson型磷钼钒过渡金属盐MH6P2Mo16V2O62(M=Mn、Co、Ni、Zn),用IR、TG、XRD对杂多酸盐进行结构物相分析,并将其用于苯氧化制苯酚的反应中,系统考察了反应介质、反应温度、反应时间、氧化剂用量、催化剂类型及用量对苯羟基化反应的影响。实验结果表明:4.395 g(5 mL)苯在催化剂NiH6P2Mo16V2O62用量0.176 g,溶剂乙腈25 mL,10 mL30%H2O2,65℃条件下回流反应6 h,经气相色谱定性定量分析,苯的转化率达到47.3%,苯酚选择性为91.69%。     

Keggin结构磷钼钒酸催化苯直接羟基化

采用乙醚反萃取方法制备磷钼钒酸催化剂H3+nPMo12-nVnO40(n=0~5),利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、红外(FTIR)以及等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对催化剂进行表征,并以H2O2为氧化剂,考察催化剂对苯直接羟基化反应的催化性能,探讨不同钒原子数目对所制备磷钼钒酸催化活性的影响,研究了反应时间、催化剂用量、H2O2用量等对催化反应的影响.结果表明,合成磷钼钒酸催化剂具有典型的Keggin结构,钒原子取代数目对催化剂的催化活性有明显影响,其中H7PMo8V4O40表现出最高的催化活性,在实验优化条件下,苯直接羟基化为苯酚的收率达到19.5%.     

过氧化氢酶的荧光法测定及其在海洋环境污染评估中的应用

建立了一种新的测定过氧化氢酶的方法.在酸性介质中,Fenton反应产生的羟基自由基(·OH)能将几乎无荧光的2,2′ 联吡啶氧化成强荧光物质,羟基化产物的最大激发和发射波长分别是340nm和430nm.过氧化氢酶(CAT)催化H2O2分解为H2O和O2,抑制Fenton反应,导致2,2′ 联吡啶羟基化反应产率降低,体系荧光强度减弱.体系荧光强度的减弱与过氧化氢酶的量成正比.用此法直接分析海洋生物样品的CAT活力,结果表明,该方法操作简便、测定快速,可作为一种简便的过氧化氢酶的测定方法.     

类水滑石CuMgAl的制备、表征及其催化性能的研究

针对共沉淀法制备类水滑石难于操作、易混入碱金属离子等缺点,采用水热和尿素水解法制备了三元类水滑石CuMgAl（Cu＋Mg/Al=3,Cu/Mg=5.0,3.0,1.0,0.33）,并将合成的类水滑石用于苯羟基化反应;采用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）等手段对类水滑石进行表征,以CuMgAl31作为催化剂,考察了反应时间、反应温度、溶剂及用量、催化剂用量、n（benzene）/n（H2O2）对苯羟化反应的影响.结果表明：与CuMgAl11、CuMgAl21、CuMgAl13催化剂相比,CuMgAl31具有较高的反应活性,反应的最佳条件为：反应时间6h、反应温度65℃、15mL吡啶作为溶剂、10mg催化剂、n（benzene）/n（H2O2）=3.0时,苯的转化率为5.5%,苯酚的选择性几乎为100%.     

Fe-Mg-O/γ-Al_2O_3对苯酚羟基化制苯二酚催化作用的研究

采用自行合成的Fe Mg O/γ Al2 O3 催化剂 ,对苯酚羟基化反应进行了研究 ,重点考察了催化剂用量、溶剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、诱导期对反应结果的影响 ,探讨了铁酸镁催化剂的优点和不足     

导向剂室温老化合成低硅X型沸石

利用导向剂室温(15～30℃)老化后高温晶化合成低硅X型沸石(LSX),用XRD测定样品晶型.对导向剂作用的研究表明,加入老化5h的导向剂17Na2O.6SiO2.Al2O3.250H2O可抑制LSX样品中的羟基方钠石(HS)杂晶,但没有加快LSX反应体系的晶化速度.对原料配比和反应条件的研究表明,产物对H2O/(Na2O K2O)摩尔比和Na2O/(Na2O K2O)摩尔比非常敏感,稍有变化就会引起杂晶的生成;随着室温老化和晶化温度的升高以及时间的延长,样品LSX结晶度增大.室温(25～30℃)老化12h、110℃晶化3h合成的LSX结晶度好、纯度高,Si/Al摩尔比为1.02±0.03.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to