硬质合金颗粒增强铁基复合材料的三体磨料磨损性能

以回收的钨钴钛类硬质合金为增强颗粒,采用负压铸渗工艺制备了颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料,并借助于金相分析和X射线衍射等手段研究了复合材料的微观界面.由于铸渗过程中增强颗粒的部分熔解及W、C、Co和Fe等元素的扩散,在界面处产生了Fe3 W3C、CO3W3C等化合物,形成了明显的过渡层,从而确保了增强颗粒与基体之间为冶金结合.利用三体磨料磨损试验机研究了复合材料的磨损性能,结果表明:磨损过程分为4个阶段,复合材料的体积磨损量随着磨损试验的进行先下降后上升,其中在第3阶段迭到最低值;复合材料的体积磨损量随着磨料粒度增大而逐渐增加.将制备的复合材料同工程中常用的热处理态高铬铸铁以及WC颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料进行了耐磨性对比,发现其体积磨损量显著低于高铬铸铁,而与WC颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料差别不大,显示出优异的性能价格比.     

涂覆颗粒增强耐热铝基复合材料的性能

通过真空热压、热挤压工艺制备了涂覆颗粒增强Al-Fe-V-Si耐热铝合金基复合材料,研究了该材料在不同温度下的力学生能与摩擦磨损性能,并与基体A1-Fe-V-Si和未涂覆颗粒(SiCp)增强Al-Fe-V-Si的性能进行了对比.研究结果表明涂覆后的SiC与基结合更加牢固,涂覆层Ni的加入降低了材料内部颗粒(SiCp)与基体(Al-Fe-V-Si)之间的孔隙;在室温,10%SiC/Al-Fe-V-Si(0812)复合材料的断裂强度分别比基体和复合材料10%SiC/Al-Fe-V-Si(0812)增加了62.15%和282%,在400℃时分别增加了55.30%和28.60%;复合材料耐磨性能与增强体未涂覆复合对料的相比大大提高,经增强体涂覆的铝基复合材料试样在载荷为50 N、滑动速度为0 63m/s的工况下,复合材料磨损机制在300℃时以磨粒磨损为主,高于350℃时,以粘着磨损为主.     

碳化硅颗粒增强ZL201合金复合材料磨损性能研究

研究了碳化硅颗粒增强ZL2 0 1合金复合材料在干摩擦和油润滑摩擦条件下的磨损性能。结果表明 :复合材料的耐磨性高于基体合金 ,随碳化硅含量的增加 ,其耐磨性逐渐增强。在油润滑条件下 ,载荷越大、碳化硅含量越高 ,复合材料的耐磨性越优于基体合金。复合材料的磨损机理是微切削磨损、表层剥落和磨粒磨损的综合作用     

纳米SiC颗粒强化AA6061的磨粒磨损行为

实验制备了纳米SiC颗粒强化AA6061基材料,并考察了其微观组织、硬度及磨损性能.结果表明:在20 N载荷下,强化试样的磨损率及摩擦系数均低于AA6061基体,其中0.6%SiC/AA6061复合材料的磨损率较基体降低50%.这主要是由于SiC颗粒自身良好的载荷承载能力,加之增强颗粒/基体间界面良好的结合,使SiC颗粒的添加提高了复合材料的磨损抗力.同时,促进了富铁机械转移层的形成,降低了摩擦系数和磨损率.AA6061基体和强化材料在20 N载荷下的磨损机制均为磨粒磨损.     

团球γ+(Fe,Mn)3C/γ钢基自生复合材料的磨损机理及临界载荷确定

利用MPX-2000型主轴盘销式磨损试验机和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了团球γ (Fe，Mn)3C共晶体增强奥氏体钢基自生复合材料(EAMC)在干摩擦磨损工况下的滑动磨损特征．试验表明，EAMC的磨损过程存在跑合与稳态磨损2个阶段，跑合阶段中主要发生奥氏体基体的强烈塑性变形与流动，稳态磨损阶段中的磨损机制主要为剥层磨损．团球共晶体作为主要的承载物体承受摩擦磨损作用，推迟位错集中区的形成和磨粒在对偶件上的积聚，能有效地减小EAMC磨屑的形成和脱落，降低EAMC的磨损量，提高EAMC向严重磨损转变的，临界载荷．修正了颗粒增强复合材料向严重磨损转变的临界载荷判据，采用该判据所确定的EAMC临界载荷与实验结果吻合．     

冲击载荷下Ti/CFRP层合板结构的数值模拟分析

为了研究钛合金/碳纤维增强复合材料(Ti/CFRP)层合板结构的抗冲击性能,采用基于三维Hashin准则的VUMAT材料子程序模拟复合材料层合板的损伤失效,采用内聚力单元模拟层合板与钛合金之间的胶层,采用Johnson-Cook本构模型模拟钛合金的塑性变形及失效,建立了Ti/CFRP层合板结构的冲击损伤有限元模型。分别讨论了冲击动能、钛板的厚度及复合材料的铺层角度等因素对层合板结构的抗冲击性能的影响,结果显示增加钛板的厚度可以有效提高层合板结构的抗冲击性能,Ti/CFRP层合板结构承受冲击载荷发生损伤失效时,失效模式以基体失效与拉伸分层失效为主,合理选择铺层角度可以改善复合材料层合板的抗冲击性能。分析结果可为Ti/CFRP层合板结构的设计及工程应用提供参考。     

WC颗粒增强钢基表层复合材料中增强相和组织的演化

运用“复合剂技术”制备了WC颗粒增强钢基表层复合材料，系统研究了颗粒尺寸对WC颗粒在复合材料组织中的存在形态及复合材料组织变化的影响规律．结果表明：WC颗粒溶解于高温钢液，微区内W、C元素的含量显著提高，存在合金元素的相互扩散和迁移；当加入的WC颗粒直径小于100μm时，WC颗粒不再以原有的形态发挥硬质相的作用，而是形成新相（W，Fe）7C3型碳化物来发挥硬质相的作用，最终在铸钢基体的表面形成高碳高钨的白口铸铁组织．     

陶瓷增强高锰钢复合材料的组织与结合机理

在不同的热处理工艺下,生产出高锰钢复合材料。通过扫描电镜对高锰钢、陶瓷复合材料的结合情况、基体的显微组织进行了研究,并探讨了高锰钢、陶瓷的结合机理。结果表明:新热处理工艺下,复合材料基体组织细化;陶瓷与基体结合较好,为扩散结合。     

SiC颗粒增强物对铜基复合材料磨损行为转变的影响

采用粉末冶金结合热挤压的工艺制备SiCp/Cu复合材料,研究SiC颗粒增强物对铜基复合材料在不同载荷条件下磨损行为转变的影响规律;并与纯铜进行比较,探讨颗粒增强物对材料磨损行为影响的机理.结果表明,SiC颗粒的加入提高了铜基复合材料的耐磨性,延缓了高载荷条件下严重磨损的发生.在低于临界转变载荷时,复合材料的磨损表面形成硬度很高的机械混合层（MML）,改变了摩擦副的接触形式,对复合材料起到保护作用.高载荷条件下,SiC颗粒增强物可有效减轻亚表层的塑性变形量和粘着磨损程度,提高了材料发生严重磨损的临界转变载荷,有利于材料在高载荷滑动条件下的应用.     

机械冲击包覆工艺对SiCp/Fe复合材料组织性能的影响

提出了粉末冶金制备颗粒增强铁基复合材料的机械冲击包覆工艺,研究了工艺参数对复合材料组织和性能的影响.结果表明,当球料质量比5∶1,行星球磨机转速225r/min,冲击包覆120min时,可以避免机械合金化损伤强化粒子或基体,并能实现基体对强化粒子的最佳包覆.新工艺改善了复合材料中增强粒子分布的均匀性,并且增强体含量越高,机械冲击包覆对提高制备复合材料性能的效果越显著.机械冲击包覆使增强粒子镶嵌进入铁粉颗粒中,避免了复合材料中因增强粒子相互接触而产生的界面缺陷,利于载荷从基体向增强粒子传递,因而复合材料的力学性能得到了提高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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