喷射沉积Al-20Si-5Fe-3Cu-1Mg合金的微观组织与力学性能

利用喷射沉积技术制备了Al－20Si－5Fe－3Cu-1Mg合金,借助扫描电镜（SEM）,X-射线衍射和拉伸试验等手段研究了喷射沉积合金的微观组织和力学性能,分析了Fe对合金挤压和热处理后的组织变化．拉伸试验结果表明,喷射沉积Al－20Si-5Fe-3Cu-1Mg合金具有比粉末冶金Al-20Si-3Cu-1Mg合金更高的高温（300℃）强度．     

高强高导Cu-Cr-Zr系合金的研究现状

从合金成分设计、析出相结构和制备技术三方面综述了高强高导Cu-Cr-Zr系合金的研究现状.在分析多种元素对合金强度影响的基础上,重点讨论了稀土元素的作用,适量稀土的加入能同时提高合金的硬度和电导率.Cu-Cr-Zr系合金的析出相主要是Cr和CuxZr（x=3,4,5）相,且合金在470 ℃时效4h形成有序的原子排列,其化合物类型为CrCu2（Zr,Mg）.固溶形变时效强化技术和快速凝固技术与常规固溶时效处理相比都能大大提高合金的综合性能.该类合金今后应向多元微合金化方向发展,尚待解决的主要问题是Zr、稀土等易烧损元素的熔炼较难控制.     

工艺参数和时效处理对选区激光熔化AlSi8Mg3合金组织和力学性能的影响

选区激光熔化（SLM）技术可实现复杂金属零部件的直接近净成形，在航空航天等领域具有广阔的应用空间，然而目前SLM成形Al–Si–Mg合金主要基于传统铸造合金成分，强度较低，缺乏针对SLM技术熔体急冷特点的专用Al–Si–Mg合金新成分的设计。基于此，本研究针对SLM的技术特点，通过增加合金中镁元素的含量，设计了SLM专用高镁含量AlSi8Mg3合金新成分，并系统研究了工艺参数和时效处理对选区激光熔化AlSi8Mg3合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，AlSi8Mg3样品具有良好的SLM加工性能，合金的最低孔隙率为0.07%。在高激光功率（190 W）下制备的样品中，由于在SLM加工过程中高强度本征热处理导致Mg₂Si纳米粒子从α-Al基体中析出，使得样品具有较高的Vickers硬度。样品的最大显微硬度和压缩屈服强度分别达到HV（211 ± 4）和（526 ± 12）MPa。经150°C时效处理后，由于纳米析出相数量的增多，样品的最大显微硬度和压缩屈服强度分别提高到HV（221 ± 4）和（577 ± 5）MPa，远高于目前已知大多数SLM成形的铝合金。本研究为优化SLM成形Al–Si–Mg合金的力学性能提供了新的思路。     

Sn微合金化无铅易切削Al-Mg-Si合金的组织与性能

采用力学性能测试、X射线衍射物相分析、扫描电子显微分析、透射电镜分析和金相实验方法研究了不同处理态Sn微合金化的无铅易切削Al-Mg-Si合金棒材的显微组织与性能。研究结果表明:合金的最佳时效工艺为170℃／8 h,在此条件下,合金棒材的抗拉强度为351 MPa,屈服强度为336 MPa,延伸率为13．5％;合金的物相组成为铝基固溶体、主要强化相Mg2Si和CuAl2以及低熔点组织组成物Mg2Sn Sn;低熔点组织组成物Mg2Sn sn以及时效析出相Mg2Si和CuAl2使合金具有良好切削性能和较高强度。     

Mg-（6～8）Al—0．7Si合金的组织和力学性能分析

通过金相观察、扫描电镜、X衍射分析和拉伸实验等方法，研究了Mg-（6～8）Al-0．7Si合金的铸态组织和力学性能．研究结果表明：添加了少量Sb和RE的Mg-（6～8）Al-0．7%Si的铸态组织主要由α—Mg基体、Mg17Al12相、Mg2Si相、Mg3Sb2相和少量针状Al4Si2Mn2Y相组成，并且随着Al含量的增加，试验合金组织中的Mg17Al12相增多，共晶析出物变得更加连续．同时，力学性能的测试结果表明：Al含量变化对于试验合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率的影响呈现出不同的变化规律．     

La-Mg-Ni/Co储氢合金中的相结构

应用真空电弧熔炼方法制备La-Mg-Ni/Co5：19和2：7型储氢合金.应用X射线衍射系统研究这两类合金的相结构,并测定各相的原子占位.研究表明：5：19型的（La1-xMgx）5Co19合金是由Pr5Co19,LaCo5和LaSb3V3种类型结构组成;在2：7型的（La1-xMgx）2Ni7合金中,除了（La0.85Mg0.15）2Ni7合金只含LaNi5类型相结构外,其他合金均含有LaNi5类型相结构及LaNi3或La2Ni7类型相之一.应用尝试法确定合金中各相的晶胞参数和体积的变化规律,并利用Rietveld全谱拟合分析方法测定了（La0.95Mg0.05）2Ni7合金的相结构及相含量.研究表明：两种储氢合金相结构中主相与晶界相的点阵常数之间存在良好的共格性.Mg原子同时部分取代La和Ni原子,随着Mg含量的增加,晶胞内空隙变大.由于吸收的H原子将占据这些空位,所以空位空间的增加有助于容纳更多的H.这暗示Mg原子的占位导致的晶体畸变与储氢合金储氢能力相关,同时由于Mg原子与H原子之间强的亲和力,以及主相与晶界相之间的共格关系,可以使得H原子更容易进人合金中,并形成稳定的相结构.     

Ti51Pd30Ni19合金的相变及力学性能特征

制备了Ti51Pd30Ni19高温形状记忆合金。利用高温X射线衍射（XRD）分析及热分析（DSC）研究了合金的相变过程,并对其在不同加载条件下的力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,合金的马氏体相变开始温度可达212℃,合金在马氏体及奥氏体状态下具有不同的屈服强度及形变强化能力。在室温下,合金的形状记忆性能随拉伸变形量的增大而降低。获得了该合金的伪弹性：在奥氏体转变结束温度附近进行拉伸循环,三次加载-卸载循环后即可获得稳定的弹性滞后回线。     

Mg-4Nd和Mg-4Nd-0.7Zr合金显微组织和力学性能

制备了Mg-4Nd和Mg-4Nd-0.7Zr两种合金,并系统研究了它们在各种状态下的组织和性能.研究结果表明:铸态的二元Mg-4Nd合金由α-Mg基体和中间相Mg12Nd组成,少量Zr(0.7%质量百分数)的加入使合金铸态组织得到明显细化,且使Mg12Nd相呈网状连续分布于晶界.合金经热挤压加工后,强度和塑性均得到大幅度改善.由于在合金挤压及热处理过程中,Zr明显提高了再结晶温度并抑制了再结晶后晶粒的长大,因此Zr的加入使Mg-4Nd合金在挤压和时效处理后强度都有不同程度的提高.直接时效(T5)处理工艺能产生形变强化和时效硬化双重作用,使合金呈现良好的综合力学性能.在对合金时效组织的TEM观察中发现了β'和β两种沉淀颗粒,其尺度均在10~100nm之间,它们都对合金产生了沉淀硬化作用.     

Mg1-xScx合金理想强度的第一性原理计算

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Mg_1-xSc_x（0.10c合金bcc[001]和hcp[0001]理想强度随Sc组分的增加显著增加;合金bcc[001]理想强度在Sc组分从15at.%增加至25at.%时增加了25%,而hcp[0001]理想拉伸强度增加8.6%,说明Sc合金化对Mg的bcc相稳定化效果显著。MgSc合金hcp[0001]的理想强度约为bcc[001]的10倍,对应hcp[0001]理想强度的应变约为bcc[001]的3倍,说明hcp相结构稳定性显著强于bcc相。Mg和Sc基态均为hcp结构,Sc合金化对hcp合金理想强度的影响略小。     

替代元素影响Mg2Ni合金吸放氢动力学性能研究

采用基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的平面波赝势（PW—PP）方法,计算Mg2NixM（1-x）（0〈x≤1）合金及氢化物Mg2Ni0.75M0.25H4（M=Ni,Cu,Mn）的晶体结构,生成焓和电子结构,研究替代元素（Cu,Mn）对Mg2Ni氢化物稳定性的影响。Cu,Mn取代使合金晶胞体积变大,合金晶胞体积的大小跟取代原子半径大小成正比,随着合金晶胞体积的增大,氢化物有不稳定的倾向。元素替代可以有效降低氢化物生成焓绝对值的大小,使得氢化物的稳定性降低,其中Cu元素的效果是最明显的。氢化物中H—Ni的相互作用强度是决定氢化物稳定性的主要因素,替代元素正是通过减弱H—Ni键强来改善合金的吸放氢动力学性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-