混杂钢纤维高强混凝土断裂特性研究

采用楔入劈拉试验方法,利用标准紧凑拉伸公式与楔入劈拉经验公式分别计算高强混凝土及混杂钢纤维高强混凝土的双K断裂韧度和断裂能,经比较发现用紧凑拉伸公式计算的失稳断裂韧度值是经验公式的0.85～0.87倍,因此建议采用尺寸符合标准紧凑拉伸要求的试件进行试验确定断裂韧度.分析了纤维混杂后纤维类型、纤维长度、纤维掺量对混凝土增强、增韧的影响,试验结果表明随着混凝土强度增加,断裂韧度、断裂能增大.最后建议高强混凝土采用双K断裂韧度作为韧性评价指标,高强钢纤维混凝土采用断裂能作为韧性评价指标.     

混杂纤维增强高性能混凝土弯曲韧性研究

选用钢纤维、塑钢纤维和杜拉纤维,在总体积掺率不超过1％条件下,进行了二元或三元混杂纤维增强高性能混凝土的抗压试验、劈拉试验以及带切口梁三点弯曲试验.绘制了荷载-挠度曲线以及荷载-裂缝开口位移曲线(CMOD),计算得到了混凝土开裂各阶段纤维所贡献的能量吸收值以及等效弯拉强度,对比分析了纤维混杂方式、掺量对混凝土基本力学性能以及峰值荷载后变形性能的影响.研究结果表明:三元混杂纤维混凝土具有较基体混凝土、单掺或二元混杂纤维增强混凝土更优的力学性能和变形性能,弯拉强度最大提高了28％,弯曲韧性试验荷载-位移曲线均呈现出明显的应变硬化现象,并表现出优越的裂缝控制能力;当纤维三元混杂且水灰比为0.31时,由0.7％弓形钢纤维、0.19％塑钢纤维与0.11％杜拉纤维混杂制得混凝土样本的强度以及弯曲韧性最优.     

浅谈混杂纤维混凝土的增强机理

在混凝土中,掺杂纤维常常用来改善基体的韧性与塑性。单掺纤维混凝土改善混凝土性能有限。混杂纤维混凝土是由两种或者两种以上的纤维按一定比例混掺,既发挥不同纤维的优点,又能体现它们协同效应。混杂纤维水泥基复合材料可以发挥两种纤维的优点。第一种纤维强度高,可以提高整体的初始开裂强度和极限强度,第二种纤维延性、塑性好,可以提高后期开裂阶段的韧性和塑性。本文分析了混杂纤维混凝土的增强机理及研究方法,回顾总结了目前混杂纤维增强混凝土的研究现状。对其应用前景进行了初步探讨争展望。     

混杂纤维对高性能混凝土高温性能的影响

针对高性能混凝土的防火、抗爆裂性能低的特点，采用低熔点（聚丙烯纤维）及高熔点纤维（钢纤维）混杂的方法，对高性能混凝土高温性能（抗折强度、抗压强度及劈裂抗拉强度，抗爆裂性能）进行改善．研究表明，800℃时，混杂纤维混凝土的抗折强度剩余率约15％，明显高于基准混凝土的抗折强度剩余率（约6％）；抗压强度剩余率约15％，与基准混凝土的强度剩余率相当（约15％）；劈裂抗拉强度剩余率约20％，明显高于基准混凝土的抗折强度剩余率（约10％）．另外混杂纤维明显提高了混凝土的抗爆裂性能，同时分析了混杂纤维改善高性能混凝土高温性能的作用机理．     

玄武岩纤维桥梁混凝土韧性特征及衰减规律

为研究玄武岩纤维对桥梁混凝土的增韧阻裂效果,设计了弯曲韧性试验、断裂韧性试验,分析不同玄武岩纤维掺量(体积分数,0%、0.07%、0.08%、0.09%,下同)对桥梁混凝土抗裂性能的影响规律,从中选出最优纤维掺量。利用动态疲劳加载试验,研究普通混凝土和最优纤维掺量组在不同荷载应力水平下(0.5、0.7)弯曲韧性系数和断裂能的劣化衰减规律,并基于扫描电镜(SEM)试验,从微观角度剖析玄武岩纤维对桥梁混凝土的增韧阻裂机理。试验结果表明：玄武岩纤维能够增加混凝土的弯曲韧性,起到增韧阻裂作用,有利于避免在荷载作用下混凝土过早开裂,玄武岩纤维掺量为0.08%时,改善效果最明显,28 d弯曲韧性系数较普通混凝土提高了235%;玄武岩纤维显著提升了桥梁混凝土的断裂能,当纤维掺量为0.08%时,提升效果最明显,较普通混凝土提高了247%;在不同荷载应力水平下,桥梁混凝土的弯曲韧性系数和断裂能都随着疲劳加载次数的增加而逐渐衰退,且初期降低幅度小,后期降低幅度较大。但掺入玄武岩纤维可以减缓桥梁混凝土衰减速率,提高其抵抗疲劳开裂的能力,进而延长桥梁混凝土疲劳寿命;纤维与水泥基体之间良好的黏结性能,使得玄武岩...     

混杂钢纤维水泥基材料的力学行为

研究了微细钢纤维以及中等直径钢纤维混杂增强水泥基材料的力学行为．结果表明，在纤维体积分数一定的情况下，混杂钢纤维体系对水泥基材料抗折强度的改善作用可优于单一直径钢纤维，而且，不同直径钢纤维混杂还可显著提高水泥基材料的断裂能和弯曲韧性，普通纤维增强水泥基材料断裂破坏时裂缝为沿切口开展的单一贯穿裂缝，而混杂钢纤维增强的试件破坏时切口附近呈现多缝开裂的现象，采用适当体积比的两种尺度钢纤维混杂增强基体，制备出了综合力学性能优越的混杂钢纤维增强水泥基材料。     

混杂纤维混凝土应用在组合梁中的物理特性及对比实验研究

为了进一步明确混杂纤维混凝土物理特性优势,首先对其组合结构中应用与承载力进行了计算分析,接着对受弯承载力的计算完成了修正提议,在混杂纤维混凝土梁承载力的计算中,建立了纤维布直线关系的材料力学模型,得出高性能纤维补强混凝土板不仅可以增强复合梁的承载力,且有利于减缓裂缝和提高组合梁的延性,在对混杂纤维混凝土的极限应变分析中得出其应变能达到1 500以上,可以有效提高组合梁的截面延性,综合分析可得纤维混凝土同普通混凝土相比其抗折强度明显提高40%左右,抗冲击韧性明显提高50%左右,韧性得到了大幅度的提高。通过与多种其他混凝土的实验特性比较,充分验证了上述特性优势。这一研究对纤维混凝土的推广应用具有显著的实际价值。     

掺入混杂合成纤维的混凝土力学性能分析

采用高弹模聚乙烯纤维(PE)和低弹模聚丙烯粗合成纤维(CPP)混杂技术制备混杂纤维混凝土,对其抗压和抗弯性能进行测试,并采用双因素方差分析法对弯曲韧性影响因素的显著性特征进行了分析,同时还对混杂纤维的增强增韧机理进行了探讨.结果表明:在不同的粗集料掺量下,混杂纤维混凝土抗压强度普遍高于素混凝土,其提高幅度主要集中在15%~30%之间;掺入混杂纤维后混凝土试件的荷载-挠度曲线整体较为饱满,多数曲线表现为变形缓慢软化,部分出现变形硬化特征;纤维掺量对混凝土的韧性有非常显著的影响,而粗集料掺量影响较小;CPP/PE纤维可以从不同层次结构对混凝土进行增韧,产生正混杂效应,从而使制备的混杂纤维混凝土具有优异的韧性.     

多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗弯韧性试验研究

为研究多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土的抗弯韧性,采用四点弯曲试验对30个长×宽×高为400 mm×100 mm×100 mm的聚丙烯纤维混凝土试件进行研究,得到纤维混凝土梁的荷载-挠度曲线。基于美国ASTM-C1399-98方法,研究不同尺寸聚丙烯纤维及其混杂纤维对混凝土抗弯韧性的影响。研究结果表明:在相同掺量条件下,直径越小、长度越短的聚丙烯细纤维对混凝土裂前抗弯韧性改善效果越好;聚丙烯粗纤维和多尺寸聚丙烯纤维对混凝土裂后抗弯韧性有较大改善,并且在裂后出现低应力应变硬化现象;在相同掺量条件下,多尺寸聚丙烯纤维对混凝土的抗弯韧性改善效果最好;相对于素混凝土剩余强度,单掺聚丙烯细纤维混凝土剩余强度提高1.53~2.53倍,单掺聚丙烯粗纤维混凝土提高5.58~8.88倍,多尺寸聚丙烯纤维混凝土提高7.76~10.82倍。     

聚丙烯腈纤维混凝土的低温性能

研究了低温环境下 (气温变化为 - 15～ 5℃ )聚丙烯腈 (PAN)纤维对混凝土力学性能增长趋势的影响 ;探讨了快速冻融试验条件下 (- 17.5～ 7.5℃ )PAN纤维混凝土的抗冻融耐久性 .通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)观察发现PAN纤维在混凝土中分散性较好、纤维间距小、纤维和混凝土界面结合状况良好 .研究结果表明 ,掺入PAN纤维增加了混凝土的含气量 ,提高了混凝土的抗拉极限应变、抗弯韧性和断裂能 ,因而有利于混凝土低温环境下的强度增长和提高了混凝土的抗冻融耐久性 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.