新型增塑剂二甘醇二苯甲酸酯的合成

以钛酸四丁酯为催化剂合成具有优良性能的增塑剂二甘醇二苯甲酸酯(DEDB)．通过实验确定了合成DEDB的适宜工艺条件：二廿醇1 mol，苯甲酸2．1mol,钛酸四丁酯3．2g，应时间4h，反应温度190℃，在此条件下产率呵达98．5％以上。     

活性炭负载钛酸四丁酯催化合成二乙二醇二苯甲酸酯

以活性炭负载钛酸四丁酯为催化剂,正丁醚为带水剂,采用直接酯化法合成二乙二醇二苯甲酸酯(DEDB);运用低温氮气吸附脱附(BET)与电子顺磁共振波谱(ESR)分析对催化剂进行表征,采用IR和1HNMR进行反应产物的表征;探讨原料比、带水剂用量、反应温度等因素对酯化率的影响。确定了活性炭固载钛酸四丁酯催化二乙二醇(DEG)和苯甲酸(BA)酯化的适宜工艺条件为:原料量比n(DEG)∶n(BA)=1∶2,带水剂占苯甲酸质量分数为20%,催化剂占苯甲酸质量分数为1.5%,反应温度200℃,反应时间6 h。催化剂可循环使用3次,具有较好的稳定性。     

磺酸改性介孔硅材料催化合成二甘醇二苯甲酸酯

本文合成了SBA-15、柱层析Si O2和气相纳米Si O23种介孔硅材料的磺酸改性催化剂,考察反应温度、反应时间、投料比、催化剂种类及用量等条件对催化合成二甘醇二苯甲酸酯(DEDB)的影响。结果表明:具有较大孔道尺寸和适中表面酸性的磺酸改性柱层析Si O2具有最好的催化效果。在优化条件(反应温度160℃,反应时间4 h,苯甲酸和二甘醇的摩尔比为2.2∶1,催化剂用量为苯甲酸质量的8%)下,DEDB的产率达到82.94%。     

固载杂多酸催化剂催化合成二苯甲酸二甘醇酯(Ⅱ)

用自制的固载杂多酸催化剂ＰＷ１２／Ｃ复相催化合成增塑剂二苯甲酸二甘醇酯（ＤＢＤＥ），通过实验确定了合成ＤＢＤＥ的适宜工艺条件为：苯甲酸３０ｇ，二甘醇１０．４ｍｌ，催化剂２．１ｇ，带水剂Ｎ２流量２００ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，反应温度１８０℃，反应时间３ｈ，在此条件下酯化率可达９８．５％。重复实验表明，该催化剂具有良好的稳定性。     

固载杂多酸催化剂催化合成二苯甲酸二甘醇酯（Ⅰ）

用自制的固载杂多酸催化剂ＳＩＷ１２／Ｃ复相催化合成增塑剂二苯甲酸酯（ＤＢＤＥ），通过实验确定了合成ＤＢＤＥ的适宜工艺条件为：苯甲酸３０ｇ，二甘醇１０．２ｍｌ，催化剂２．４ｇ，带水剂Ｎ２流量１５０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，反应温度２００℃，反应时间３ｈ，在此条件下酯化率可达９６％。重复实验表明，该催化剂具有良好的稳定性。     

芳酯型液晶环氧树脂的合成与表征

以对羟基苯甲酸和对苯二酚为原料合成了二对羟基苯甲酸对苯二酚酯,再由二对羟基苯甲酸对苯二酚酯与环氧氯丙烷进行反应,合成了芳酯型液晶环氧4,4’-二对羟基苯甲酸对苯二酚二缩水甘油醚（PHQEP）.用红外光谱（FT-IR）、差示扫描量热（DSC）和核磁共振（NMR）等方法对合成的PHQEP的结构和液晶相转变行为进行了表征.     

固体超强酸SO42-/SnO2催化合成顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯

以顺丁烯二酸酐和异辛醇为原料，用一种高活性的固体超强酸SO4^2-／SnO2催化剂催化合成了顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯，研究了酯化反应的优化条件。当n（异辛醇）：n（顺丁烯二酸酐）为2．8：1；催化剂用量为酐质量的1．0％时，反应时间120min，反应温度145℃，顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯的收率达到98．7％。同时对用H2SO4和对甲革磺酸催化该反应作了比较。     

TiSiW12O40／TiO2催化合成苯甲酸丙酯

首次报道了以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2为多相催化剂，对以苯甲酸和丙醇为原料合成苯甲酸丙酯的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明：TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成苯甲酸丙酯的良好催化剂，最佳反应条件为：醇酸摩尔比为4：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总量的1.5%，反应时间为2.5h。上述条件下，苯甲酸丙酯的产率可达70.5%。     

固载杂多酸催化合成二苯甲酸二甘醇酯（Ⅱ）

用自制的固载杂多酸催化剂ＰＷ１２／Ｃ复相催化合成增塑剂二苯甲酸二甘醇酯（ＤＢＤＥＷ），通过实验确定了合成了ＤＢＤＥ的适宜工艺条件为：苯甲酸３０ｇ，二甘醇１０．４ｍｌ，催化剂２．１ｇ，带水剂Ｎ２流量２００ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ反应温度１８０℃，反应时间３ｈ，在此条件下酯化率可达９８．５％，重复实验表明，该催化剂具有良好的稳定性。     

二乙二醇二间甲基苯甲酸酯增塑剂的合成

以间甲基苯甲酸和二甘醇为原料,钛酸四丁酯为催化剂合成了二乙二醇二间甲基苯甲酸酯.考查了催化剂及其用量、反应温度、原料配比等条件对反应的影响,经过试验确定适宜工艺条件:甲苯为带水剂,催化剂用量为总反应物的0.5%,醇酸摩尔比为1.0:2.2,回流反应时间4 h,反应回流温度210℃,转化率达93.7%.产品结构分别用IR、NMR进行表征,并对其作为PVC增塑剂的增塑性能进行了初步评价.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-