四流T型中间包控流装置优化的水模拟分析

以某钢厂四流中间包为研究对象,根据相似原理建立了1∶3的物理模型。模型研究了不同结构的挡墙、导流孔和湍流抑制器对中间包内流动特性的影响。实验结果表明,"Y"型挡墙和梯形湍流抑制器(方案F)组合的控流装置能获得相对较优的实验结果。采用方案F的控流装置后,总体的死区比例从原型的23.69%降为8.02%,钢液能得到更为充分的混匀;各流平均停留时间的标准差从原型方案的23.56降低到7.34,各流一致性也得到了明显的改善。     

连铸中间包控流装置优化的水模实验

通过对某厂板坯连铸中间包进行控流装置优化的水模实验,发现原中间包结构造成钢水在中间包内的最小停留时间过短,死区体积大;合理结构的挡墙和湍流控制器能够明显改善中间包内的流体流动特性,可以使钢包长水口注流区上方的液面更加平稳.     

连铸中间包控流装置优化的水模实验

通过对某厂板坯连铸中间包进行控流装置优化的水模实验,发现原中间包结构造成钢水在中间包内的最小停留时间过短,死区体积大;合理结构的挡墙和湍流控制器能够明显改善中间包内的流体流动特性,可以使钢包长水口注流区上方的液面更加平稳.     

连铸中间包控流装置优化的水模实验

通过对某厂板坯连铸中间包进行控流装置优化的水模实验,发现原中间包结构造成钢水在中间包内的最小停留时间过短,死区体积大;合理结构的挡墙和湍流控制器能够明显改善中间包内的流体流动特性,可以使钢包长水口注流区上方的液面更加平稳。     

连铸中间包控流装置优化的水模实验

通过对某厂板坯连铸中间包进行控流装置优化的水模实验，发现原中间包结构造成钢水在中间包内的最小停留时间过短，死区体积大；合理结构的挡墙和湍流控制器能够明显改善中间包内的流体流动特性，可以使钢包长水口注流区上方的液面更加平稳。     

连铸中间包内夹杂物去除行为的水模型研究

通过选择乳状液滴模拟夹杂物和连铸中间包水模型实验,考察了控流装置、浇铸速度、夹杂物粒径对中间包内夹杂物去除行为的影响规律.结果表明:挡墙-挡坝组合控流夹杂物去除效果最佳,中间包内强湍流区夹杂物的碰撞聚合以及向上和表面流速的增加是主因;中间包注流区加入抑湍器,虽然其流体流动特征发生改变,但对夹杂物去除率的影响并不显著;较高的浇铸速度下,单纯靠控流装置的优化已不能很好地改善夹杂物的去除效果.     

兴澄特钢中间包结构优化

以兴澄特钢连铸中间包为工程背景,根据相似原理建立了中间包水模型系统,研究了4流不同结构的中间包的流体流动特性.研究表明:原结构的中间包同一侧的两流之间的流体流动特性存在很大差异,与内侧流相比,外侧流的最小停留时间、峰值时间小,死区体积大,造成中间包内钢液温度不均匀,夹杂物不能有效地上浮去除,不能很好地满足高质量特钢生产的要求.采用优化后的挡墙和坝组合的中间包控流装置,外侧和内侧的停留时间分布趋于一致,表明外侧流和内侧流之间流动特性相近.中间包结构优化后平均死区百分数由原结构的58.2%降低到10.9%.     

上挡墙位置变化对单流中间包流场特征的影响

应用水力模拟试验,对某钢厂板坯单流连铸中间包流场特征开展研究。采用"刺激-响应"技术,通过调整上挡墙控流装置在中间包内的不同位置,以研究中间包内流场特征的变化。研究结果显示,设置上挡墙的中间包流场特征趋于合理化,以全混流区为主,存在部分活塞流区和少量的死区。相比未设置上挡墙的中间包流场,其平均停留时间延长、活塞流区比例增加、死区比例降低。其中,上挡墙距中间包入水口间距离为160 mm时,钢液平均停留时间最长为336 s、活塞流比例最大为5.15%、死区比例最小为25.7%。     

单流板坯连铸中间包结构优化

通过对单流板坯连铸中间包的水模实验,研究了不同控流装置对中间包流动特性的影响.研究结果表明,堰、坝的尺寸和位置与湍流控制器(TI)的结构对中间包流动特性影响很大,在该中间包内使用不带顶檐的湍流控制器效果好于带顶檐的湍流控制器.与原方案中间包结构相比,优化后的中间包的流体流动特性得到很大改善,最小停留时间和峰值时间分别从64s和81 s提高到了81 s和163 s,平均停留时间从237s延长到了314 s,死区体积分数从35%降低到了14%,降低了60%.     

非对称两流中间包内流体流动的对称化

采用数值模拟和水模型实验相结合的方法研究了不同控流方案下非对称两流中间包内流体流动行为,并将优化方案进行了工业实验.实验结果表明:采用经典组合方法计算各流的死区时,出现负死区现象,因此采用平均停留时间作为评价参数;原方案中靠近长水口侧出口的平均停留时间为194s,水口两流之间的平均停留时间之差为97s,两流之间钢液温度差为5℃.利用非对称长方形湍流控制器可以实现钢液在湍流控制器出口处流量的非对称分布.采用非对称长方形湍流控制器和多孔挡墙后,近长水口侧出口的平均停留时间为211s,水口两流之间的平均停留时间之差为34s,两流之间钢液温度差为3℃.     

连铸中间包耐火材料的冲蚀特性与控流装置的优化设置

中间包内耐火材料的损毁是化学反应、热应力与钢液流动的协同作用所致,中间包内控流装置发生侵蚀的主要原因是钢液对耐火材料的冲蚀.对设置有湍流控制器、挡渣堰、挡渣坝的中间包耐火材料的冲蚀特性进行数值模拟计算与分析,结果表明,中间包内冲蚀最严重的部位是在湍流控制器及冲击区包壁上部1/3处,其次是挡渣堰迎向钢液流动一侧壁面;随着挡渣堰与钢液入口距离的增加,钢液对挡渣堰、挡渣坝的冲蚀强度下降;根据停留时间分布(RTD)曲线设置中间包控流装置时,应考虑钢液对耐火材料的冲蚀特性.     

两流T型连铸中间包结构优化

在实验室中以1∶2.5几何相似比建立了两流T型中间包钢液流动的物理模型,保持弗劳德数相等进行物理模拟实验.实验结果表明,原方案中间包结构的最小停留时间为35.00 s,峰值时间为103.75 s左右,平均停留时间约为273.42 s,活塞流体积分数约为17.88%,死区体积分数为29.53%.采用湍控器、一堰和两坝作为该中间包的控流装置,可以大幅度改善中间包的流体流动特性.结构改进后的中间包流体流动特性:最小停留时间达到151.75 s,峰值时间为281.25 s,平均停留时间为354.16 s,活塞流体积分数为55.80%,死区体积分数降低到8.73%.     

Uniformity evaluation and optimization of fluid flow characteristics in a seven-strand tundish

The effect of flow control devices (FCDs) on the uniformity of flow characteristics in a seven-strand symmetrical trapezoidal tundish was studied using both an experimental 1:2.5 hydraulic model and a numerical simulation of a 1:1 geometric model. The variation coefficient (CV) was defined to evaluate the flow uniformity of the seven-strand tundish. An optimized FCD configuration was proposed on the basis of the evaluation of experimental results. It is concluded that a turbulence inhibitor (TI) and U-type dam are essential to improve the uniformity of fluid flow in the seven-strand tundish. In addition, the configuration of inclination T-type dams with a height of 200 mm between the second and third strands and with a height of 300 mm between the third and fourth strands can minimize the proportion of dead zone. After optimizing the configuration of FCDs, the variation coefficient reduces below 20% of the mean value, and the average proportion of dead zone is just 14.6%; in addition, the temperature fluctuation between the strands could be controlled within 0.6 K. In summary, the uniformity of flow and temperature in the seven-strand tundish is greatly improved.     

Water modeling of molten steel flow in a multi-strand tundish with gas blowing

Fluid flow characteristics in a four-strand tundish with gas blowing were studied by water modeling experiments. It is found that gas blowing can greatly improve the flow characteristics in the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor. It dramatically increases the peak concentration time, and greatly decreases the dead volume, and reduces the minimum residence time. The gas blowing location, gas flow rate, and porous plug area greatly influence the flow characteristics in the tundish; the gas blowing location near the baffle, smaller gas flow rate, and smaller porous plug area are better for improving the fluid flow characteristics. Using gas blowing can reduce the difference of flows at the middle outlets and side outlets for the multi-strand tundish. Bubbles produced by gas blowing can absorb small inclusions and provide the condition for inclusion collision and aggregation. Therefore, introducing gas blowing into a tundish and combining the turbulence inhibitor can improve inclusion floating and removal, and the cleanness of molten steel can be advanced.     

Improvement of tundish shape and optimization of flow control devices for sequence casting heavy steel ingots

The metallurgical effect of a round tundish used to cast heavy steel ingots in machine works at present was evaluated through water modeling experiments. The flow control devices of the improved oval tundish, which was used instead of the round tundish, had been optimized. The results show that the residence time of the round tundish is short, its inclusion removal efficiency is too low, and it has more dead zones and an unreasonable flow field. Compared with the round tundish, the improved oval tundish with the optimized weir and dam has a better effect:its minimum residence time is prolonged by 38.1 s, the average residence time is prolonged by 233.4 s, its dead volume fraction decreases from 26% to 15%, and the ratio of plug volume fraction to dead volume fraction increases from 0.54 to 1.27. The inclusion removal efficiency also increases by 17.5%.     

中间包钢液流动行为的数值模拟及控流装置优化

针对某钢厂四流大方坯连铸过程中铸坯夹杂物含量较高、各流流动状态不一致等问题,本文提出了关于中间包内控流装置(坝高和导流孔结构)的改进方案,采用数值模拟方法对比研究了不同方案下中间包钢液的流场及停留时间分布(RTD)等特征。结果表明,与原型中间包相比,适当增加坝高及下层导流孔的上倾角度,有利于改善中间包钢液的流动特性,各流之间的均匀性明显提高,钢液在中间包内的停留时间有所延长,死区体积分数下降,有效减弱了中间包短路流,中间包冶金功能得到改善;控流装置最佳参数为:坝高300 mm,上层和下层导流孔角度分别为20°和45°,此时对应的钢液在中间包内的平均停留时间为210 s,死区体积分数仅为13.2%。