一种基于流形距离核的谱聚类和量子聚类融合算法

谱聚类是一种基于图谱划分理论的聚类算法,本质上是将聚类问题转化为图的最优划分问题;量子聚类可以充分挖掘数据样本的内在信息,是一种基于划分的无监督聚类算法.为了充分发挥谱聚类算法和量子聚类算法的优势,本文提出了一种基于流形距离核的谱聚类和量子聚类融合算法(MFD-NJW-QC).首先,计算数据集的流形距离核矩阵,构造相应的拉普拉斯矩阵;其次,根据拉普拉斯矩阵的若干最大特征值对应的特征向量构造新数据集,并使用量子聚类算法对新构造的数据集进行聚类,从而得到原始数据的类标签;最后,基于7个人工数据集和5个UCI数据集验证MFD-NJW-QC算法的聚类性能.结果显示,MFD-NJW-QC算法能够明显提高聚类性能,尤其对于具有流形结构,且类簇大小不平衡、密度分布不均匀的数据集优势更为突出.     

一种新的支持向量机混合集成算法

针对基于Boosting和Bagging的集成算法不能有效提高"强学习器"泛化性能的问题,融合Boosting的样本扰动和快速核独立分量分析的特征扰动以生成若干个体支持向量分类器,使生成的训练样本集具有较大的差异性。然后基于模糊核聚类算法根据各个体支持向量机在验证集上的泛化误差选择最优个体进行集成。实验结果表明该算法能进一步提高支持向量机分类器的泛化性能,而且具有较强的稳定性。     

基于数据模糊性的PU学习研究

PU学习是指从正例样本和无标记样本中训练分类器的一种学习方法.针对传统PU学习中所含初始正例过少,难以有效地从无标记样本中选出可靠负例,且分类过程易受噪声点影响等问题.本文提出了一种基于数据模糊性来提取无标记样本中有效信息的PU学习方法:先对正例无标记样本集进行半监督聚类,选出靠近正例样本的低模糊度数据来扩充初始正例集,并选择远离正例样本的低模糊度数据作为可靠负例;再剪辑掉无标记样本中高模糊度数据;最后在扩充后的正例样本集和可靠负例集上训练分类器,对初始无标记样本集进行分类.在标准数据集上的对比实验证实了提出算法的有效性.     

面向不均衡小样本训练集的改进Boosting算法

传统的Boosting算法训练出的分类器常会出现过拟合和向多数类偏移.为此,提出一种基于自适应样本注入和特征置换的Boosting学习算法,通过在训练过程中加入人工合成样本,逐渐平衡训练集,并通过合成的样本对分类器学习进行扰动,使分类器选择更多有效的特征,提高了分类器的泛化能力.最后,在两类和多类图片分类问题上对该算法的有效性进行了考察,实验结果表明,该算法能够在样本数很少,且正负样本数量极不均衡的情况下,有效提高booting算法的泛化能力.     

半监督模糊聚类及其应用

提出了一种拓展的半监督模糊聚类模型,给出求解这个模型的迭代公式.这种半监督聚类能够合理、有效地利用部分已标识样本的类别信息对未标识样本产生影响,从而提高半聚类算法的聚类效果.其隶属度和聚类中心的迭代公式具有和FCM算法一样简洁的表示.在黄瓜数据集上的聚类分析表明,新提出的半监督聚类优于未改进的两种半监督算法、FCM算法和线性判别方法.     

一种基于流形距离的迭代优化聚类算法

针对传统欧氏距离测度描述复杂结构的数据分布会失效的问题,引入能有效反映样本集固有的全局一致性信息的流形距离作为样本间相似度度量测度,并设计了反映类内相似度大、类间相似度小的聚类目标的准则函数,把数据聚类转化成准则函数优化问题,提出了一种迭代优化的聚类算法.通过4个人工数据集的仿真试验结果表明,新方法的参数很少且实现简单,由于实现过程中没有引入随机操作,因此结果比较确定.与标准k均值算法相比,新方法能够自动确定聚类数目,对于样本空间分布复杂的聚类问题具有良好的分类效果.     

一种基于Seeds集和成对约束的主动半监督聚类算法

针对半监督聚类算法中监督信息使用不充分,监督信息中信息含有量低的问题,提出一种结合主动学习的半监督聚类算法.首先结合使用数据的类别标记和成对约束信息,指导Kmeans聚类过程,设计出一种基于Seeds集和成对约束的半监督聚类算法SC-Kmeans;其次将主动学习算法引入到SC-Kmeans中,以尽量小的代价选取信息含有量更高的监督信息,提高SC-Kmeans算法的聚类精度;最后在UCI标准数据集上进行仿真实验.实验结果表明,该算法取得了较好的聚类效果,有效提高了聚类准确率.     

基于L_(2,1)范数和流形正则项的半监督谱聚类算法

谱聚类算法受到相似矩阵的影响以及没有使用先验信息,使得聚类结果有很大的局限性。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于L_(2,1)范数和流形正则项的半监督谱聚类算法。一方面借助L_(2,1)范数的鲁棒性学习到合理的相似矩阵;另一方面充分利用监督信息,不仅指导了初始相似矩阵的构造,而且引入流形正则项去调整模型,从而改善聚类效果。实验结果表明,所提出的聚类算法在人工数据集和真实数据集上的聚类结果较其他聚类算法更加有效。     

基于半监督学习的单类分类器

半监督学习是一种利用有标记样本和无标记样本进行学习的新的机器学习方法。针对单分类中只有目标类标记样本和大量无标记样本的情况,提出了一种基于半监督学习的单类分类算法。利用已标识的有标记样本建立两个单类分类器,通过相互学习来挖掘未标记样本中的隐含信息,扩大有标记样本的数量。利用所有已标识样本,用不同的单分类方法建立多个单类分类器,通过集成学习的方法得到最终的分类器。在UCI数据集上进行了实验,表明提出的基于半监督学习的单类分类器的有效性。     

基于局部线性嵌入的半监督仿射传播聚类算法

针对运用半监督仿射传播聚类算法处理高维数据时聚类精度低和计算量大的问题,提出一种基于局部线性嵌入的半监督仿射传播聚类算法.该算法首先通过LLE算法将高维输入数据集映射到低维空间得到低维数据集,计算低维数据集的相似度矩阵,再用半监督算法调整相似度矩阵,最后用仿射传播聚类算法对低维数据进行聚类分析.仿真结果表明,本文提出的算法与半监督仿射传播聚类算法相比,在处理高维数据时聚类效果更好,精度更高,迭代次数更少.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to