东营凹陷水化学场成因及其与超压系统耦合关系

以研究区2000余口探井的实测地压和油田水化学资料以及149个流体包裹体古压力模拟结果等为基础,利用地层水中阴阳离子平衡关系和水-岩相互作用的特点,考察东营凹陷水化学场的成因特征及其与超压系统演化特征的耦合关系以及对原油保存条件的影响。结果表明:在垂向上,2.2 km之上常压系统(沙二段至馆陶组)地层水矿化度一般低于100 g/L,属于咸水,而2.2 km之下的超压系统(沙四和沙三段)部分地层水矿化度高于100 g/L,最高达336 g/L,属于盐水;在平面上,东营凹陷东部地层水矿化度高于西部,北带高于南部,沙三和沙二段高矿化度地层水在凹陷中心沿断裂带分布,沙四段地层水矿化度以东营北带洼陷区为中心呈环带状向外减小;在水化学场和超压系统耦合作用下,超压流体封存箱中的水-岩相互作用对凹陷中心氯化钙型高矿化度地层水的形成具有重要作用,高矿化度地层水的形成某种程度上受到沙四段蒸发岩地层中盐类溶解作用的影响;不同地区和层位的原油密度不同,在凹陷边缘常压带为开启的水文地质系统,地表水渗入作用导致地层水矿化度降低,原油的轻组分散失,密度增加,油气保存条件较差,而凹陷中心超压顶面附近和超压系统内部处于封闭性较好的水文地质系统,原油密度多小于0.9 g/cm3,油气保存条件较好。     

高邮凹陷古水动力场及其与油气运聚的关系

含油气盆地地下水动力场与油气的运移、聚集和分布规律关系密切。在地层水水化学特征研究的基础上，对高邮凹陷油气主运移期的古水动力场分布及其对油气运聚的影响进行了研究。结果表明，在油气大规模运移期，高邮凹陷为典型的不对称型压实流-重力流盆地，形成了上、下两个含油气系统水动力场。在纵向上和平面上，各亚水动力场具有泥岩压榨水离心流、越流泄水、越流-蒸发泄水、大气水下渗向心流等局部水动力单元类型，油气的运移、聚集与压实流及其末端的越流泄水区紧密相关。同时还指出，盆地的内斜坡和北斜坡外侧等地区是今后上含油气系统的勘探潜力区；沙埝以北、柘垛以及码头庄以西等地区是下含油气系统的潜力区，且对下含油气系统应加强深层油气藏的勘探与研究。     

高邮凹陷古水动力场及其与油气运聚的关系

含油气盆地地下水动力场与油气的运移、聚集和分布规律关系密切.在地层水水化学特征研究的基础上,对高邮凹陷油气主运移期的古水动力场分布及其对油气运聚的影响进行了研究.结果表明,在油气大规模运移期,高邮凹陷为典型的不对称型压实流-重力流盆地,形成了上、下两个含油气系统水动力场.在纵向上和平面上,各亚水动力场具有泥岩压榨水离心流、越流泄水、越流-蒸发泄水、大气水下渗向心流等局部水动力单元类型,油气的运移、聚集与压实流及其末端的越流泄水区紧密相关.同时还指出,盆地的内斜坡和北斜坡外侧等地区是今后上含油气系统的勘探潜力区;沙埝以北、柘垛以及码头庄以西等地区是下含油气系统的潜力区,且对下含油气系统应加强深层油气藏的勘探与研究.     

关中盆地浅层地下水水化学场演化规律研究

在野外调查与室内试验的基础上,重点研究了关中盆地浅层地下水水化学场时空演化规律.研究表明：区内浅层地下水天然水化学场空间分布主要受地质、地貌和水文地质条件的制约,且具有明显空间分布规律.     

水化学在煤矿防治水工作中的应用及展望

由于我国煤矿水文地质条件复杂,矿井突水事故频发,如何利用水化学分析资料尽快地判别突水水源,对水害事故及时有效的处置和治理,提供可靠的科学依据尤为重要。对煤矿地下水的研究,是一项非常重要的工作。本文结合有关矿区普遍性的一些问题,对煤矿地下水中的一些主要成分和形成的地质及水文地质条件关系进行了分析,并对今后煤矿水化学的研究和应用提出了展望。     

大坝坝基水质与渗流特征

运用水文地球化学原理,对坝基水质资料进行了分析,结果表明,坝基水化学场是坝基渗流场的重要组成部分,水的pH值、化学成分和化学类型的形成均受制于坝基地下水的径流条件,可依据水质的特征将坝基划分出不同的水文地质单元,即强径流带、缓径流带和孤立水体带。     

硫磺沟煤矿区三井田水文地质特征及矿井水治理措施

本文通过对硫磺沟煤矿区三井田水文地质条件、地表水与地下水的水力联系、水化学特征的研究,结合矿井充水条件,探讨了矿井的主要充水因素,提出了矿井水治理措施。     

柴达木盆地南缘诺木洪地区水化学特征及分布规律

柴达木盆地南缘诺木洪地区地下水具有西北干旱盆地地下水水化学特征及分布规律,受盆地地貌、强烈蒸发极干旱气候条件控制和含水层岩性、埋藏条件、地下水渗流场的共同影响,形成了高山深盆特有的地下水水化学水平分带性。文中对地下水水质类型的形成演化过程进行了探讨,并就此类盆地地下水水化学类型缺失硫酸盐型水环带的成因机理进行了分析。     

高邮凹陷南部真武地区地层水化学特征与油气运聚的关系

在分析高邮凹陷许庄、真武和曹庄油田地层水化学垂向和平面分布特征的基础上,考察地层水成因及油田水化学特征与油气运聚的关系.结果表明:许庄油田大气水间断性下渗,下渗深度可能达到2.5～3.0 km;真武和曹庄油田地层水成因主要为沉积埋藏水,但越流模式不同;高邮凹陷南部真武地区地层水化学场由南向北可划分为大气水下渗淋滤淡化区、汇合越流浓缩区和泥岩压实排水淡化区;研究区南部真武大断裂长期活动,大气水下渗淡化地层水,矿化度较低,油气成藏-保存条件较差,而北部地层水明显受泥岩压实排水淡化作用的影响,矿化度较低;地层水在离心流运移过程中不断越流浓缩,矿化度逐渐增大,部分油气随地层水二次运移途中遇到合适的圈闭逐渐聚集起来形成油气藏;中部汇合越流浓缩区为北部泥岩压实排出水和南部下渗大气水的共同指向区,地层水矿化度较高,有利于油气聚集成藏,且富集程度较高.     

东营凹陷古水文地质条件探讨

本文探讨了东营凹陷的古水文地质条件反其与油气的关系。文中将本区新生代划分为始新世、渐新世、中上新世—第四纪三个水文地质旋回,各旋回又进一步划分为沉积和渗入两个水文地质阶段。前两个旋回导致了本区有机质的大量堆积和埋藏,后一个旋回则是本区油气生成、运移、聚集的主要时期,亦是油气藏大量形成的时期。本区古地层水的主要流向是由凹陷内部指向边缘,而边缘地表水的渗入是次要的。估算的水交替次数表明沉积水的活动程度远超过渗入水,这对油气的移聚和保存十分有利。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to