烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

湖北省土地利用综合分区研究

从湖北省社会经济可持续发展的需要出发,对湖北省土地利用进行综合分区.以湖北省近5年来及未来5年预测数据为基础,建立土地、社会、经济、环境4大指标系统,利用专家打分法确定不同类型区不同指标因子的权重,在已确定的4个一级分区内进行系统动态聚类分析,通过动态调整参数,得到湖北省土地利用综合分区结果.该分区结果将湖北省土地利用分为武汉(鄂东)都市圈协调发展区、鄂中南农业生态协调发展区、鄂西南绿色经济协调发展区、鄂西北林业生态协调发展区4个一级区和都市核心区,鄂中平原区、鄂东平原区、鄂中北平原区、鄂东南山区、鄂东北山地区、鄂中南平原区、鄂中丘陵区、鄂西三峡山区、鄂西南山区、神农架自然保护区、鄂北岗地区、鄂西北山区,鄂西北低山丘陵区等14个二级分区.     

简述儿童的心理理论

儿童的心理理论的研究是心理学研究的热点之一,其研究方向不断在扩展,研究的内容不断在深入。本文从心理理论的界定,心理理论的研究方法,研究内容以及研究方向的拓展阐述了心理理论的有关研究。     

清代《诗经》学的发展阶段及主要派别

根据清代《诗经》研究的实际，本文将清代《诗经》学分为3个发展阶段：清初经世致用思潮与《诗经》朴学研究之风的开启、乾嘉时期《诗经》朴学研究的极盛阶段和后期今文经学影响下《诗经》辑佚学的全面发展，并概况出每个阶段的特点和重要的派别，意在为清代《诗经》研究描绘出一个轮廓和线索，从而为进一步的研究提供前提。     

M-H Eos常数b的经验修正

分析了M—H Eos中常数b的物理意义，得到它是分子体积影响的结论，并由此结论将该常数根据经验修正为温度的函数．按照M—H Eos确定常数的方法重新推导了其它各常数的表达式，得到修正常数b后的M—H Eos。最后，将该Eos编制程序，并通过实际计算验证了修正后的M—H Eos．结果表明，修正后的Eos在计算准确度上有所提高．修正常数b后的M—H Eos更加合理，并提高了计算准确度．     

论我国《劳动合同法》的立法宗旨

《劳动合同法》的立法宗旨,体现了劳动合同立法的价值取向。其立法宗旨为:完善劳动合同制度,明确劳动合同双方当事人的权利义务,保护劳动者的合法权益,构建和发展和谐稳定的劳动关系。深入理解《劳动合同法》立法宗旨,对我们贯彻执行《劳动合同法》具有重要的意义。     

新探农村剩余劳动力产生的原因--兼论耕地产权残缺对农业生产要素配置的影响

农村剩余劳动力产生的主要原因是耕地要素的高度稀缺和非农部门对农村劳动力的吸收能力不强。造成耕地要素相对稀缺的原因除了人多地少的现实原因外,还包括由耕地产权残缺导致耕地流转交易成本过高,以至于耕地大量撂荒的制度原因。     

高等数学试题库组卷策略算法设计的优化与实现

在计算机命题系统中，组卷试题质量是命题系统是否科学的关键，因此组卷策略的设计是最重要的环节。从设计组卷策略的角度出发，针对高等数学命题，详细介绍了一种简洁、实用、易于实现的组卷策略的实现过程。介绍的组卷策略算法由3部分组成：试题属性项定义、组卷参数的定义、组卷算法优化与实现。     

网络环境下著作权的界限：以信息网络传播权为视角

在网络环境下,信息网络技术的广泛应用扩张了著作权人的权利,也产生了著作权人与作品使用人间的新矛盾,要求立法作出变革。信息网络传播权是网络环境下著作权界限扩张的表现,其内容包括数字化权能、上载权能、传输权能和下载权能。信息网络传播权同其他著作权一样应当受到适当限制以平衡保护著作权人的利益与社会公共利益。我国《信息网络传播权保护条例》在合理确定著作权人与作品使用人间的权利界限方面存在立法缺陷,需要进一步完善。     

温州盘菜贮藏期间生理生化变化的研究

研究了温州盘菜贮藏期间含水量、电导率、丙二醛含量的变化及超氧化物歧化酶活性的变化 ,并应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳技术对不同储藏期温州盘菜的超氧化物歧化酶同工酶进行了研究。结果表明 :随着贮藏期的延长 ,温州盘菜的含水量下降 ,盘菜块根浸泡液的相对电导率增大 ,丙二醛含量增加 ,超氧化物歧化酶的活性降低 ,同时超氧化物歧化酶同工酶谱带也有消失现象     

稳健设计理论在公差分析中的应用

为了分析尺寸链中组成环公差对封闭环公差的影响程度，在公差分析过程中引入稳健设计理论，提出尺寸合格率灵敏度和产品合格率灵敏度概念．采用灵敏度公差分析方法开发出相应的计算软件，定量分析了组成环公差对封闭环公差的影响程度，通过计算得知，尺寸合格率灵敏度较小的组成环公差对封闭环公差的影响较小，产品合格率灵敏度较小的尺寸链稳健性较好。