慢性镉暴露诱发大鼠肝脏几种酶活性的变化

选择健康SD雄性成年大鼠60只，随机分成对照组(C组)、镉暴露中剂量组(M组)和高剂量组(H组)，每天分别饲喂含镉0、5、10mg/kg饲料的大鼠全价饲料，分别于第3周和第6周检测肝脏中的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、γ—谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)及碱性磷酸两(AKP)．结果显示：在实验过程中，各组间体重、肝脏系数无显著性差异；第3周，与C组相比，只有H组M活性显著增强，其余各组两活性均无显著性差异；第6周，与C组相比，M组AKP活性差异不显著，GCT、LDH活性有显著增强，H组AKP和LDH活性显著增强，GGT活性极显著增强．可见，镉引起肝毒性的机制与酶的活性间存在一定关系．其中GGT是一种敏感性较强的检测镉致肝慢性中毒的生理指标．     

富硒乳酸菌干预肝纤维化大鼠GSH-Px和免疫细胞活性的变化

选用健康SD大鼠36只,雌雄各半,随机分为对照组(C组)、CCl4注射组(CCl4组)和富硒乳酸菌制剂保护组(CCl4-Se组).CCl4组和CCl4-Se组皮下注射CCl4诱发肝纤维化.C组和CCl4组给予普通全价饲料,CCl4-Se组喂含富硒乳酸菌的全价饲料.分别在第4、8周测定肝脏指数,肝组织匀浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,血中T淋巴细胞比例,红细胞的免疫功能.结果显示,在整个实验期间,CCl4-Se组的肝脏指数介于对照组和CCl4组之间.CCl4组肝匀浆中GSH-Px活性与C组比较均明显下降,CCl4-Se组的GSH-Px活性虽较C组低,但高于或明显高于CCl4组.CCl4组大鼠T-淋巴细胞(%)、RBC-CR1花环率和RBC-IC花环率都较对照组下降或显著下降,而CCl4-Se组大鼠T-淋巴细胞(%)虽与对照组相比也下降,但明显高于CCl4组,其RBC-CR1花环率和RBC-IC花环率也均高于CCl4组,并与对照组相当.提示:富硒乳酸菌制剂通过保护肝组织抗氧化酶活性,改善和提高免疫细胞功能活动发挥正常有效的作用,从而干预肝纤维化发生发展.     

慢性镉诱导小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能活性抑制研究

选用60只健康雌性ICR小鼠，随机分为对照组、低剂量氯化镉组（L-Cd组）、高剂量氯化镉组（H-Cd组），每组20只．对照组每天给予普通全价饲料，L-Cd和H-Cd组分别饲喂含镉2和10mg／kg的全价饲料，连续9周．分别在第3、6、9周观察小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数的变化，并检测血浆TNF-α水平．结果显示，在整个实验期内，L-Cd和H-Cd组腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率明显低于对照组，且随剂最增加和时间的延长而明显下降，而吞噬指数虽较对照组下降但无显著差异；血浆TNF-α水平变化不明显，提示慢性镉染毒诱发小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能低下。     

急性高甘油三酯血症大鼠模型研究

目的通过与常用的外源性高脂饲料诱导高脂血症大鼠模型对比,探讨采用果糖灌胃法建立急性高甘油三酯血症大鼠模型的血脂水平及其动态变化趋势。方法选用SD雄性大鼠48只,随机分组,设对照组C1、C2、C3(分别为M1、M2、M3的对照组)均给予基础饲料喂养、模型组分别予高脂饲料(M1)、高脂乳糜剂(M2)、果糖(M3A、M3B、M4),于M1饲养4周,M2灌胃2周,M3果糖(M3A予8 mL/次,共5次;M3B予5 mL/次,共7次)。在末次灌胃0.5 h内,M4灌胃前、末次灌胃后8 h、16 h、24 h、36 h行眼球眦静脉取血,测大鼠总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—C)含量。结果与对照组相比,高脂饲料及乳剂造模的M1、M2组TC显著升高(P0.05),TG差异无统计学意义;果糖灌胃造模的M3A、M3B组TG显著升高(P0.05),TC、HDL-C差别无统计学意义;M3A及M3B组间血脂水平无差异;M4组造模后TC、HLD-C随时间延长而逐渐下降;TG于灌胃后8 h达高峰,36 h恢复基础值。结论果糖灌胃模型可使TG急性稳定升高,不同果糖剂量和灌胃次数不影响造模效果,TG可持续升高36 h。     

中药复方对肾切除大鼠促红细胞生成素的影响

研究中药复方对肾大部切除大鼠促红细胞生成素(EPO)的影响.采用切除大鼠肾脏5 6制备慢性肾衰模型,并随机分成假手术组、模型组、包醛氧淀粉组、肾衰宁组及中药复方的高、中、低剂量组,分别灌胃给药,四周后测血红蛋白(Hb)及红细胞(RBC)计数,并称量大鼠体重.结果表明,与模型组对比,给药组Hb含量,RBC计数均明显、升高,大鼠体重也显著增加.验证了中药复方可以改善慢性肾衰大鼠贫血状态,促进EPO生成.     

大学生体育课中补液对红细胞免疫功能的影响

探讨了大学生体育课中补液对红细胞免疫功能的影响.10名男性大学生实验前一周作为安静状态对照,测试三堂课,隔周进行,分别为不补液课、补凉开水课和补运动饮料课.在体育课中使用遥测心率仪监测和询问自我运动感觉状况.课后即刻取血,测定红细胞SOD活力;采用郭峰法测定红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC.C3bRR)和红细胞免疫复合物花环率(RBC.ICR).结果显示:各体育课后即刻RBC.C3bRR都比安静状态时低,不补液课、补凉开水课和补运动饮料课RBC.C3bRR有逐渐升高的趋势;而RBC.ICR的变化与RBC.C3bRR相反,却与红细胞SOD活力变化相同.由此可见,体育课后,红细胞免疫功能下降;在课中补液,出现红细胞免疫“节省化”现象,尤其是补充运动饮料.     

绵羊自然感染附红细胞体对绵羊红细胞的影响

选择1岁左右自然感染附红细胞体的杂交育肥绵羊为试验动物,采血,观察红细胞的形态,并测定RBC、Hb、PCV、红细胞脆性（最小脆性和最大脆性）、红细胞ATPase和SOD活性、红细胞C3b受体（E-C3bRR）花环率和红细胞免疫复合物（E-ICR）花环率.检测结果显示：与对照组相比,急性感染组绵羊红细胞脆性、RBC、Hb、PCV、红细胞ATPase和SOD活性及E-C3bRR率和E-ICR率呈降低趋势;但隐性感染组所测定指标变化不明显.表明附红细胞体侵袭红细胞后,感染越强,红细胞就易破裂而溶血、红细胞内外阳离子平衡失调、红细胞抗氧化能力降低,同时,破坏了红细胞膜表面的C3b受体,红细胞膜表面游离状态的C3b受体数量明显减少,机体红细胞的免疫黏附活性降低,红细胞免疫功能低下.     

CCl_4致肝脏损害的研究

采用四氯化碳（CCl4）对大鼠染毒模型，分别用不同浓度的CCl4，不同的染毒时间致大鼠急性染毒和慢性染毒，以血清甘腿酸（sGG）含量和血清谷丙转氨酶活性（sGPT）测定做为肝脏早期损害指标，用肝脏病理学检查观察肝组织损害程度。实验结果表明，急慢性染毒组sCG含量均明显高于对照组（P＜0．001），增高幅度急性组为2．79倍，慢性染毒组为3．9倍，另外，急性染毒组sCG含量及sGPT活性均明显低于慢性染毒组（P＜0．05），实验证明，CCl4浓度致使大鼠肝脏的损坏程度不如染毒时间长短密切。另经病理学检查证实、肝脏组织的破坏程度与染毒剂量不明显，与染毒时间有密切关系。     

中草药保健剂“鸡食乐”对雏鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响研究

本研究将健康1日龄京白雏鸡100只随机均分为试验组和对照组.试验组饮水中添加“鸡食乐”煎汁,使饮水药液浓度为1%让鸡自由饮用;对照组饮水中不添加任何药物.饲养至7周龄,各组取15只采血测试红细胞免疫功能.结果,试验组、对照组红细胞C_(3b)受体花环形成率(E-C_(3b)R)分别为13.4±1.51%、10.6±1.25%,组间差异极显著(P<0.01),红细胞免疫复合物花环形成率(E—IC)分别为5.4±1.51%、4.7±1.34%,组间差异不显著(P>0.05),红细胞C_(3b)受体花环促进率(RFER)分别为55.5±10.8%、38.3±10.7%,组间差异极显著(P<0.01);红细胞C_(3b)受体花环抑制(RFIR)分别为17.4±3.4%、17.7±3.8%,组间差异不显著(P>0.05).     

3种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂对大鼠的毒性研究

将邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DiBP)和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DiNP)3种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂分别按每只大鼠每天1/100LD50的剂量连续灌胃染毒20d,染毒后再继续观察20d。实验结束后测量各组大鼠器官与体重的比,结果发现DEP组大鼠的肝脏和3个实验组大鼠卵巢子宫的器体比与对照组有明显差异,其余脏器的器体比均未有明显差异。各实验组大鼠精子畸形率明显高于阴性对照组(P0.05),各实验组大鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率虽然高于对照组,但均差异不显著(P0.05)。各实验组组织病理切片结果显示,3个染毒组大鼠肝、肾、脾均有不同程度的损伤,其余脏器均未发现异常。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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