具抑菌活性海星内生细菌的筛选及初步研究

从海星的胃、幽门盲囊和生殖腺内共分离到16株菌株.抑菌实验表明,获得的内生细菌中44%的菌株可拮抗至少一株指示菌,各菌株对不同指示菌的拮抗效果差异较大.其中抑菌能力较强的W2#菌株抑菌谱较广,且对大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)拮抗作用明显,具有较大研究价值,该菌株分布于海星胃及、幽门盲囊中,但在生殖腺内没有发现.经初步鉴定,W2#拮抗菌株为黄色杆菌属(Xanthobacter Wiegel et al.,1978)细菌,实验表明W2#细菌在30℃、pH 8.0环境下生长较好,在25℃条件下发酵液抑菌活性最高.     

重组葡萄糖脱氢酶的表达及辅酶再生应用研究

为解决异源表达酮还原酶域EryKR1的重组大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21(pET28a-eryKR1)催化环己酮还原时消耗的氢供体NADPH再生的问题,构建了克隆枯草芽孢杆菌葡萄糖脱氢酶基因gdh的重组菌E.coli BL21(pET28a-gdh),其中的gdh基因经Nucleotide BLAST功能分析显示与枯草芽孢杆菌9902的gdh基因序列(登录号为EF626962.1)的一致性达到100%。SDS-PAGE检测显示该重组菌经IPTG诱导后可以高效表达出葡萄糖脱氢酶(GDH),其表达量占全菌可溶性蛋白质的64%。GDH粗酶液的比酶活为137.90U/mg。通过气相色谱检测添加了E.coli BL21(pET28a-gdh)的E.coli BL21(pET28a-eryKR1)环己酮还原反应体系中的环己醇含量,结果显示加入重组GDH的双重组菌耦合反应体系中环己醇的产率为82.21%,是未添加GDH的反应体系对应值的3.23倍,表明重组GDH可以为EryKR1还原环己酮系统解决辅酶再生问题。     

胍基化壳聚糖季铵盐的制备及其抗菌性能

以三聚氯氰(TCT)为中间桥梁,将聚六亚甲基双胍(PHMB)接枝到N-(2-羟丙基-3-甲基氯化铵)壳聚糖(HTCC)上,制备胍基壳聚糖季铵盐(HCP).研究制备HCP的最佳反应条件,采用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)对产物的结构进行表征,并测试其抗菌性能.得到HCP的最佳反应条件为HTCC和TCT的摩尔比1.0∶2.5,HTCC和PHMB的质量比1.0∶1.2,缚酸剂为三乙胺,TCT一取代的反应时间8 h,二取代的反应时间14 h,反应温度40℃.结果表明：制得的HCP对大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的最低抑菌质量浓度分别为0.020,0.005 mg·mL^-1;质量浓度为1.0 mg·mL^-1的HCP对E.coli和S.aureus的抑菌率分别为89.8%和100.0%,高于相同质量浓度下HTCC对E.coli和S.aureus的抑菌率18.2%和18.7%.     

不同地区商品贯众抑菌效果的比较研究

本文采用打孔法,以抑菌圈直径为指标,测定在相同环境条件下,五个不同地区商品贯众对四种常见菌:金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、变形杆菌(Proteus vulgaris)的抑菌效果.结果表明:五个不同地区商品贯众对革兰氏阳性菌(Staphylococcus aureus和Bacillus subtilis)都有一定程度的抑菌效果,其中内蒙古和山西收集的贯众尤为显著(抑制圈直径最大可达23.82 mm),其次是河北收集的贯众.而对革兰氏阴性菌(Escherichia coli和Proteus vulgaris)的抑菌效果不明显,同时没有观察到河北、山东、山西收集贯众的抑菌效果.四川收集的贯众有一定的抑菌效果,但抑菌圈较小(抑制圈直径范围在7.49 mm~9.49 mm之间);内蒙古收集的贯众也只是对阴性菌中的变形杆菌有抑菌作用.总之,不同地区商品贯众对四种常见菌的抑菌作用不同,说明在贯众用药时应谨慎.     

酚基壳聚糖季铵盐的结构对抗菌和抗生物被膜活性的影响

制备邻羟基苯甲酰化壳聚糖(OPC)、间羟基苯甲酰化壳聚糖(MPC)、对羟基苯甲酰化壳聚糖(PPC)、3,5-二羟基苯甲酰化壳聚糖(DPC)、3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酰化壳聚糖(TPC)、O-(2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵)壳聚糖(QACS)和O-(2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵)-N-对羟基苯甲酰化壳聚糖(QAPPC)7种壳聚糖衍生物，采用核磁共振氢谱和元素分析表征产物的结构，并测试产物的抗菌活性和抗生物被膜活性。结果表明：产物的抗菌活性和抗生物被膜活性排序为PPC>OPC>MPC;质量浓度为0.5 mg·mL^-1的PPC对大肠杆菌(E.coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的抑菌率分别为78.2%,100.0%,质量浓度为2.5 mg·mL^-1的PPC对E.coli,S.aureus形成的生物被膜的清除率分别为75.3%,87.7%;将对羟基苯甲酸接枝到QACS的氨基上，制备的QAPPC的抗菌活性和抗生物被膜活性均优于QACS和PPC,酚基和季铵盐具有协同抗菌效果；质量浓度为0.5 mg·mL^-1的QAPPC对E....     

生姜拮抗性内生细菌的筛选

从乐山市售生姜根状茎中分离纯化内生细菌,并以金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphyloccocus aureus）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli（E.coli））、枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA）为靶标菌进行抑菌试验。研究结果表明：生姜中存在大量的内生细菌,分离获得的9个菌株对四种靶标菌都有不同程度的抑菌作用,2个菌株（SJ1 and SJ9）抑菌效果非常显著,相对抑菌率超过170%。     

侧蒿挥发油化学成分及抗氧化、抑菌活性研究

采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取侧蒿全草挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术鉴定其中化学成分,采用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对百分含量,并对挥发油体外抗氧化活性和抑菌活性进行测试.采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)法测定侧蒿挥发油体外抗氧化活性,以及其对5种供试菌的抑菌活性.结果表明：侧蒿挥发油共鉴定出37种化学成分,占总含量的76.93%,其中主要成分为石竹烯及其氧化物、桉树脑、樟脑、龙脑、萜品烯-4-醇、大根香叶烯D等.侧蒿挥发油对DPPH具有一定的清除能力,但清除效果弱于维生素C(Vc);侧蒿挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉有较好的抑菌效果,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.25 mg/mL、8.0 mg/mL、2.0 mg/mL.     

以Triton X-100处理重组E.coli制备重组人SOD包涵体

为替代机械破菌法破碎重组E.coli释放重组人超氧化物歧化酶rhSOD (recombinant human SOD)包涵体蛋白,采用非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100处理重组E.coli释放并提取重组人超氧化物歧化酶包涵体.以SDS-PAGE检测破菌效果,采用透析法体外复性包涵体.结果表明:经体积分数0.5％的Triton X-100处理重组E.coli制备的包涵体纯度可达65％,复性48 h,目的蛋白比活达2 801 U/mg,纯度达90％以上.与机械破菌法相比,简单实用,成本低廉,易于放大,无需特殊破菌设备,为规模化生产提供参考.     

苯甲酸、富马酸及其复合酸对常见致病菌体外抑菌效果的研究

旨在探讨苯甲酸、富马酸及其两种酸组合的复合酸对常见致病菌的体外抑菌效果.选取致病性大肠杆菌(ATCC83912)、沙门菌(ATCC21512)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC65213)三种常见的致病菌为指示菌,苯甲酸、富马酸和复合酸(苯甲酸与富马酸按1:1的比例复合)浓度设置0. 25、0. 50、0. 75、1. 00 g/m L四个水平,以无菌水为空白对照.采用牛津杯法测定不同有机酸制剂的抑菌圈直径(mm),以此评价三种不同有机酸制剂体外抑菌活性.结果表明,有机酸对三种致病性菌具有明显的体外抑菌活性.其中,复合酸对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果显著优于富马酸和苯甲酸(P 0. 05),而对于沙门菌,苯甲酸和复合酸的抑菌效果要显著优于富马酸(P 0. 05);随着有机酸浓度的升高,抑菌效果显著增强(P 0. 05);不同有机酸制剂和浓度二因素对沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌存在显著的互作影响(P 0. 05).综上所述:在0. 25～0. 75 g/m L浓度下,复合酸对大肠杆菌、沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性更优于苯甲酸、富马酸单一使用时的效果.     

E型莰烯醛肟、莰烯腈的合成与抑菌活性

将E型莰烯醛与盐酸羟胺在碳酸钠作用下反应合成了E型莰烯醛肟,将E型莰烯醛肟用乙酸酐脱水得到E型莰烯腈,产品得率和纯化均在90%以上.产物结构均经MS和NMR分析方法进行了表征.采用菌丝生长速率法,将E型莰烯醛肟和莰烯腈对12种植物病原真菌的生长进行了抑制活性试验,实验结果表明:在药液质量浓度为500 mg?L^-1时,E型莰烯醛肟对油茶炭疽病菌(GlomerellaCingulata,A)、玉米赤霉病菌(Gibberellazeae,B)、梨链格孢菌(Alternariakikuchiana,C)、辣椒菌核病菌(Sclerotiniasclerotiorum,D)、水稻纹枯病菌(Thanatephoruscucumeris,E)、辣椒疫霉病菌(Phytophthoracapsici,F)、毛竹枯梢病菌(Ceratosphaeriaphyllostachydis,G)、猕猴桃果实拟茎点霉(Botryisphariadothide,H)、葡萄炭疽病菌(Colletorichumgloeosporioides,K)的抑制率均达100%; E型莰烯腈对所试植物病原真菌的抑制率均高于98.5%,多数为100%.当药液质量浓度为250 mg?L^-1时,E型莰烯醛肟对A、B、E、F、G、H、K等7种植物病原真菌的抑制率仍达95%以上.抑制效果超过甚至远超过百菌清的抑制效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.