高功率轫致辐射X射线转换靶设计?

基于一台能量为9 MeV、平均流强为125μA的高功率电子直线加速器,开展了轫致辐射X射线转换靶设计工作.转换靶为内靶设计,电子束流为非扫描式点源入射.选取钨(W)为转换靶材料,优化设计了靶材的厚度和靶体的冷却结构;并采用有限元方法分稳态和瞬态两种方式分别模拟计算了转换靶的温度分布.结果表明,转换靶局部最高温度约为970℃,平均温度约为430℃,在真空环境中该转换靶可以稳定工作.最后采用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP计算了转换靶产生X射线的剂量分布以及能谱分布,结果表明,在转换靶正前方1m处,X射线的吸收剂量率约40Gy·min-1.     

高能X射线整车原木辐照检疫中的感生放射性

利用加速器产生的高能电子束或者高能X射线进行原木辐照处理过程中,原木和车厢有可能会产生感生放射性,从而可能会对工作人员或后续的消费者带来不必要的辐射照射风险。采用Monte Carlo方法,使用FLUKA程序结合解析经验公式,以25 MeV和35 MeV高能X射线装置为例,建立了高能X射线整车原木辐照检疫中的感生放射性计算模型,并比较了16、20、25、35MeV的辐照装置可能产生的感生放射性核素的剂量率。结果表明:由于木材的感生放射性核素多为短寿命核素,故不需要考虑原木被辐照后的感生放射性的影响;但只有16MeV辐照装置能够满足工作人员每年20 mSv的剂量限值要求,因此需要对车厢经过辐照后对工作人员的长期辐照进行防护。     

二水·二(水杨醛)合钴(Ⅱ)的合成及晶体结构分析

报道了标题化学物的合成及晶体结构 .经 X射线单晶结构分析结果表明 ,该配合物晶体属三斜晶系 ,空间群为 Pī,晶胞参数 :a=0 .5 2 2 9(4 ) ,b=0 .5 2 2 9(4 ) ,c=1.30 34(11) nm,α=90 .0 0 0 (13)°,β=90 .0 0 0 (13)°,γ=90 .0 0 0(11)°,z=1.每个重复的结构单元是由一个 Co( )原子是六配位的八面体结构     

高岭石结构有序度的X射线衍射研究

本文对采自苏州阳山、湖南界牌的13个高岭石样品进行了系统的X射线粉晶衍射研究,得出了一个高岭石结构有序-无序系列。分析发现X射线衍射图中衍射峰的强度变化和分辨程度反映了高岭石结构有序的高低,认为欣克利指数即[I(1(?)0)+I(11(?))]/I′(1(?)0)~(1))越大,I(020)/I(1(?)0)值越小,19°～33°,34°～40°(2θ)区域内衍射峰分辨越好,高岭石结构有序度越高。     

低温下超导材料的X射线衍射图形的初步分析

实验 实验在转靶X射线衍射仪上进行。使用铜靶,连续扫描及定点扫描的条件为V=40kV,I=100mA。先做室温衍射谱,然后在-195℃做一次扫描,样品经十几小时恢复至室温,再做一次衍射谱。 结果与分析 由低温恢复到室温后的谱线在45°(2θ)附近的峰位变化明显。低温时谱线的峰位移向高角,在2θ=44.60°处的一个峰,强度比降为室温的28％,在X射线     

高能X射线成像系统固体探测器模块的设计

常规的阵列探测器用于高能X射线成像系统时,由于射线能量的增大会出现许多新的问题,设计时必须综合考虑多个方面的要求。在MonteCarlo估算的基础上,设计了若干由CdWO4晶体耦合光电二极管形成的线性阵列探测器模块。射线源采用直线加速器,最大能量9MeV。探测器呈模块化结构,每个模块16个通道,通道间距1.3mm。CdWO4晶体尺寸0.8mm×5mm×30mm,晶体间放置铅隔离层以减小串扰。模拟得其探测效率达70%,能量沉积率30%,而串扰率小于5%。模块加工完成后,分别在60Co、6MeV和9MeV加速器下进行了测试,证明其满足成像系统的要求。     

B+F双相X80管线钢模拟海水环境中慢应变拉伸各向异性研究

为研究B+F双相X80管线钢各向异性对安全服役的影响,采用金相扫描电镜观察、慢应变拉伸法和电化学极化法,在模拟海水环境中,与轧制方向呈0°,45°,90° 3种不同角度试样的B+F双相X80管线钢的慢应变拉伸和极化行为进行了分析。结果表明：双相X80管线钢组织由多边形铁素体和板条状贝氏体组成,铁素体和贝氏体含量近似为1∶1;在模拟海水环境慢拉伸条件下,B+F双相X80管线钢与轧制方向呈不同角度试样的屈服强度随取样角度的增大明显降低,说明海水对B+F双相X80管线钢具有明显的应力腐蚀作用;与轧制方向呈0°试样的X80管线钢的慢应变拉伸应力与应变曲线呈圆顶状,屈服强度和抗拉强度均最高,屈强比为0.81,均匀伸长率为13.4%,可以满足使用要求;与轧制方向呈90°试样的双相X80管线钢的自腐蚀电位最负,自腐蚀电流最大,耐海水腐蚀性能最差;与轧制方向呈45°试样的双相X80管线钢的自腐蚀电位最正,耐蚀性最优。研究B+F双相X80管线钢在模拟海水中的慢应变拉伸各向异性,可提高其安全服役性,对大变形管线钢的实际生产具有一定的借鉴价值。     

塑料光纤锥形过渡器光波传输特性的研究

基于光束传播法 ,提出了计算大孔径塑料锥形过渡器的理论分析模型 .采用Crank Nichol son差分格式对耦合器截面进行剖分 ,分别从过渡器的大小两端作为输入端 ,讨论了圆锥角度以及过渡器长度对过渡器的损耗和耦合效率的影响 .改变过渡器的角度 (1°～ 9°)和过渡器长度 (2 5 0～ 1 90 0 μm)进行模拟和计算 .当过渡器的圆锥角度为 6°,过渡器长度L =1 5 0 0 μm时 ,锥形过渡器的耦合效率最好 .本文计算出的锥形耦合器传输端面的场强分布 ,可用于耦合器的设计选择     

某企业新建工业X射线探伤室的辐射防护评价

根据辐射防护基本原则及相关国家标准,对某企业新建工业X射线探伤室的屏蔽厚度进行了计算,得出其设计的屏蔽厚度满足辐射防护的要求。并通过现场检测,得出该企业X射线探伤室屏蔽墙外30cm处空气吸收剂量率满足《工业X射线探伤放射卫生防护标准》（GBZ117-2006）中不大于2.5μGy/h的要求。从而给出了一种工业X射线探伤室的辐射防护评价方法。     

Xe30+在Au下表面退激辐射的Ｘ射线谱

报导了1.0-3.0MeV的Xe₃₀₊离子与1.0MeV的Xe₂₆₊离子入射Au表面发射的X射线谱,考虑到探测器Be窗对射线的非均匀衰减,还原了1.0MeV的Xe₃₀₊离子产生X射线谱。通过用经典过垒模型及两体碰撞模型的分析表明：动能1.0-3.0MeV的Xe₃₀₊离子入射Au靶,下表面空心原子M壳层空穴退激发射了能量0.7-1.75keV的Xe M X射线,下表面空心原子N壳层空穴退激发射了能量0.5-0.7keV的Xe N X射线。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.