一种提取聚-β-羟基丁酸酯的新方法

介绍了一种用十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）结合乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）从圆褐固氮菌G－3细胞中分离聚－β－羟基丁酸酯（PHB）的方法，并与SDS单独作用菌体分离PHB的方法作了比较，实验发现，前种方法具有更高的效率。主要研究了在不同试剂用量、作用时间、作用温度和pH值等条件下，SDS和EDTA提取PHB的效果，并对分离条件进行了优化。结果表明，在50℃，pH值为7的条件下，用10g/L的EDTA和7g/L的SDS共同作用菌体（含PHB 66％）15min，可使PHB的纯度达到98．75％。     

超声波和微波辅助法提取茵陈总黄酮的条件研究

以70%乙醇为提取溶剂,分别用超声波和微波辅助法提取茵陈黄酮类化合物,以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,通过正交实验设计优选最佳工艺条件.结果表明:超声波辅助提取的最佳条件为提取时间60min、温度60℃、5g原料使用溶剂125mL、超声波功率200W;微波辅助提取的最佳条件为提取时间24 min、5g原料使用溶剂125mL、微波功率350W.最佳提取条件下,超声波辅助提取率(3.29%)略高于微波辅助提取率(3.09%),微波辅助提取法能明显节省提取时间.     

半仿生及超声波辅助半仿生法提取杜仲叶黄酮

探讨半仿生法及超声波辅助半仿生法提取杜仲黄酮的实验条件.半仿生法考察提取温度、提取时间、料液比对黄酮提取率的影响.以半仿生法提取在超声波协同作用的基础上,采用正交试验、单因素考察超声时间、超声温度、料液比对黄酮提取率的影响.结果表明,半仿生法在提取时间1.5 h,提取温度60 ℃,料液比1∶20（g∶mL）时,黄酮提取率高达325.0 mg/g;超声波辅助法提取的最佳条件为时间50 min,温度65 ℃,料液比1∶40（g∶mL）,黄酮提取率为264.4 mg/g.     

从中华根瘤菌中萃取聚羟基丁酸的研究

以氯仿为萃取剂、发酵所得的费氏中华根瘤菌干细胞为原料,研究并建立了聚羟基丁酸（PHB）的三级错流萃取法,考察了萃取剂的最佳用量、温度及时间等对纯度及收率的影响,确立了最佳的萃取工艺条件,PHB收率可达96.36%,纯度可达99%以上.     

甘草酸的热回流提取工艺研究

采用热回流提取法,经过粉碎、热回流提取、浓缩、酸沉、过滤等实验过程从甘草中提取粗提甘草酸。以甘草酸的提取率为指标,通过正交实验设计考察乙醇浓度、NaHCO_3添加量、液料比、提取时间和提取温度对甘草酸提取率的影响。结果表明,甘草酸的最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度60%、NaHCO_3添加量0. 4%、液料比15∶1、提取时间2. 5 h、提取温度60℃。在最佳条件下甘草酸的平均提取率为33. 27%。     

甘草中甘草酸的多级逆流提取技术研究

研究利用多级逆流技术提取甘草酸的新方法.采用正交试验考察提取温度、提取时间、级数和液固比对提取效率的影响,确定多级逆流提取甘草酸的最佳工艺条件;在优选出的最佳工艺条件下,考察了提取溶剂对提取率的影响,并与室温冷浸法、超声波法、索氏提取法和微波提取法做了比较.结果表明:多级逆流提取甘草酸的最佳条件为提取温度70℃,单级提取时间60 min,液比6,提取级数为5.在此最佳条件下,多级逆流提取的提取率高于室温冷浸44.3 h、超声波提取40 min、索氏提取4 h、微波萃取54 min的提取率.多级逆流提取具有快速、高效、节能、节约溶剂的特点,用于中草药有效成分的提取,值得推广应用.     

蓝莓花色苷超声辅助提取工艺优化及组分分析

通过单因素和Box-Behnken设计优化了最佳提取料液比、温度、时间条件,同时比较了最佳工艺条件下的超声辅助提取、传统酶法提取和静置提取的花色苷提取率及花色苷吸收光谱,并采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析了3种提取方法对花色苷组分的影响.结果表明：超声辅助提取最佳条件为提取时间119min,提取温度69.7℃,超声时间45.8min,稀释倍数7.8,预测得到花色苷的最大提取率为58.83±1.78%.在最优条件下,花色苷的提取率为58.64±0.32%,相对误差仅为0.95%,模型准确度高.超声辅助提取比传统酶法提取的花色苷提取率高12.96%.经HPLC分析,超声辅助提取提高了花色苷组分的提取率.     

乙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系提取柠檬渣中总黄酮研究

以低温烘干的柠檬渣为原料,利用乙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系提取柠檬渣中的总黄酮,通过单因素实验和正交实验考察了乙醇浓度、料液比、硫酸铵用量、提取温度和提取时间对提取率的影响,结果表明乙醇体积浓度为60%、料液比为1∶20g/mL、硫酸铵用量为24g、提取温度为55℃、提取时间为30min时,提取率最高.在此条件下进行了5次平行实验,平均提取率可达1.58%,而且实验重现性好.     

超声法提取香椿叶多糖条件优化

以香椿老叶为原材料,通过正交实验优化方法,探讨了超声时间、超声功率、温度对香椿叶粗多糖提取的影响．结果表明,香椿叶多糖超声提取最优工艺条件为超声时间45min、超声功率240W、温度60℃,此条件下香椿老叶多糖提取率为5．49％．该工艺较一般传统工艺香椿老叶粗多糖提取率有所提高．     

氧化法去除废淡盐水中苯胺的研究

采用次氯酸钠和过氧化氢为氧化剂氧化废淡盐水中的苯胺,考察了氧化剂加入量、pH、温度、时间等因素对苯胺氧化效果的影响.实验结果表明,次氯酸钠的氧化效果好于过氧化氢,在最佳工艺条件下,苯胺的去除率可达97.5%,处理后的废淡盐水可回收利用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.