CeNi5—xCux吸氢性能研究

样品在氩气氛下采用高频感应炉制备,所有样品经过均匀化热处理。在20,40和60℃下测量CeNi_(5-x)Cu_x饱和吸氢量,吸氢动力学曲线和放氢曲线。 在20和40℃,CeNi_3Cu_2压力一组成等温图中有较宽和明显的平台压力区,吸、放氢速度较快。若用Cu取代CeNi_5中部分Ni则成本可有所降低。CeNi_3Cu_2是很有发展前途的贮氢材料。CeNi_5和CeNi_4Cu在相同条件下不具有吸氢性能。CeNi_(5-x)Cu_x具有CaCu_5结构。     

NdNi5—xCux吸氢性能的研究

本文研究了NdNi_(5-x)Cu_x吸氢性能。实验结果表明NdNi_3Cu_2和NdNi_5在饱和吸氢量、吸氢动力学曲线以及解吸等温线都很接近。当NdNi_(5-x)Cu_x中x增至4时仍具有吸氢性能而NdCu_5在相同条件下却并不吸氢。X-射线衍射分析表明它们相应物相(NdNi_(5-x)Cu_x)均属于CaCu_5结构。     

B含量对Fe_(91-x)Zr_7Mo_2B_x(x=10,12,14)合金的微观结构、热性能和磁性能的影响

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe_(91-x)Zr_7Mo_2B_x(x=10,12,14)非晶合金,在不同温度下对三种合金进行退火热处理.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、示差热分析仪(DSC)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试方法对样品的微观结构、热性能及磁性能进行研究.结果表明:Fe_(91-x)Zr_7Mo_2B_x(x=10,12,14)三种合金第一个晶化峰的激活能分别是479.7、330.3和363.6 kJ/mol,Fe_(81)Zr_7Mo_2B_(10)合金的热稳定性最好;三种合金具有不同的晶化过程;Fe_(91-x)Zr_7Mo_2B_x(x=10,12,14)三种合金的矫顽力(H_c)随退火温度的升高变化复杂.     

贮氢合金催化NBR双键加氢活性及影响因素

采用贮氢合金LaNi5、LaNi4.8Cu0.2和MINi5-x(CoMnAl)x形成的氢化物作为氢源及催化剂,对丁腈橡胶溶液双键选择性加氢进行了研究．利用IR,^1HNMR和碘量滴定法对丁腈橡胶及氢化后的产物进行了分析．同时利用SEM等方法分析了合金表面形态及组成．结果表明,在均未作任何表面处理时,LaNi5和LaNi4.8Cu0.2可催化丁腈橡胶双键加氢,而MINi5-x(CoMnAl)x催化加氢产物氢化度则为0．表面处理方式对LaNi5合金催化活性影响不大,但严重影响MINi5-x(CoMnAl)x催化加氢活性．MlNi5-x(CoMnAl)x经适当表面处理(包括以氢氧化钾、硼氢化钾等溶液浸泡)后,产物氢化度可提高到14．7％．研究结果还表明,合金中加入Pd、Pt等金属也能使加氢活性提高,加氢产物氢化度分别达到22．0％和18．7％．     

溶胶-凝胶法制备La_(1-)_xCe _xCoO_3催化CO氧化性能:Ce掺杂的影响（英文）

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了La_(1-x)Ce_xCoO_3钙钛矿催化剂,并用X-射线衍射、N_2物理吸附和H_2程序升温还原等对其进行了表征.考察了Ce掺杂对La_(1-x)Ce_xCoO_3物化性能及其催化CO氧化性能的影响.结果表明:Ce的掺杂不仅增加了样品的比表面积,还增强了其氧化还原性能,提高了样品对CO的氧化活性.但当Ce掺杂量(即Ce/La+Ce原子比)大于10%时,样品中出现CeO_2物相,覆盖了活性位,破坏了钙钛矿结构,使CO氧化活性下降.     

Co80＋xZr20-x合金的永磁性能

利用X射线衍射和磁性测量研究Co80 xZr20-x(x=0,1,2,3,4)合金、快淬薄带的结构与磁性. 结果表明, 所有样品的比饱和磁化强度均较大, 且在实验范围内随退火温度的升高而增加;经750 ℃热处理2 h后, Co81Zr19样品的比饱和磁化强度达到最大值128 (A*m2)/kg;Co82Zr18快淬样品在25 m/s速率下的矫顽力最大, 为60 kA/m, 根据该样品中Co5Zr相的含量较大可知, Co5Zr相为Co-Zr合金的硬磁相;由初始磁化曲线可知, 所有样品的矫顽力机制为成核模型.     

巨磁电阻锰氧化物材料的低温电阻率行为的研究

对巨磁电阻锰氧化物材料(1-x)La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/(x)YSZ(钇稳定氧化锆)—(1-x)LCMO/(x)YSZ系列样品低温下电阻率行为进行了研究.(1-x)LCMO/(x)YSZ的R-T曲线低温拟合系数的分析结果表明,在低温下电阻率行为式ρ=0ρ ATa BTb中,b=5是合理的,T5代表电子-声子散射项.     

晶粒细化对Fe-5Cr-5Al合金高温化学稳定性的影响

采用粉末冶金(PM)和机械合金化(MA)方法通过热压制备了常规尺寸和纳米尺寸的Fe-5Cr-5Al合金,研究了2种合金在900℃,0.1 MPa纯氧中的氧化行为。结果表明,2种合金的氧化动力学曲线均偏离抛物线规律,大体上由三段抛物线所组成,且瞬时抛物线速率常数随时间不规则变化。MAFe-5Cr-5Al合金的氧化速率明显大于PMFe-5Cr-5Al合金,这是由于晶粒细化导致大量晶界的增加,使合金中的活泼组元以更快的速度向外扩散。2种合金表面均未形成保护性的Al2O3膜,其氧化膜组成主要是是Fe的氧化物。     

富镧混合稀土镍铝系合金贮氢特性的研究

本文研究了以富镧混合稀土(简称Ml)为吸氢元素组成的MlNi_(5-x)M_x(M为Al等合金元素)合金的贮氢特性。测定了试验合金在不同温度下的等温线和动力学曲线及吸、放氢前后的品格常数的变化,计算出该合金氢化物的热焓和熵变,并就主要贮氢特性与MlNi_5和LaNi_5比较,说明本合金只有一系列的优点,特別是抗中毒和再生性能优良,是一种很有价值的贮氢合金。     

水分散性γ-Fe_2O_3纳米粒子的制备及其性能研究

以尿素铁配合物和三乙二醇为原料,采用溶剂热法-原位氧化法制备了水分散性γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差热-热重分析(DTA-TG)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)、孔径分布(BJH)和磁性测试(VSM)等分析手段,对样品进行了表征.结果表明,得到的样品为具有介孔结构的纯γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子,在室温下为超顺磁性,且具有较高的饱和磁矩和很好的水分散稳定性.     

SmNi5—xCux吸氢性能研究

研究了用Ｃｕ逐步取代ＳｍＮｉ５中的Ｎｉ原子所得的系列ＳｍＮｉ５－ｘＣｕｘ物质的吸氢性能。经测定ＳｍＮｉ５和ＳｍＣｕ５饱和吸氢量很小，分别为０．４Ｈ／ｍｏｌ和０．２５Ｈ／ｍｏｌ，但当Ｃｕ取代ＳｍＮｉ５中部分Ｎｉ时，饱和吸氢量明显增加，其中ＳｍＮｉ４Ｃｕ的饱和吸氢量最大，在０℃时可达３．５Ｈ／ｍｏｌ。ｘ－射线衍射分析结果表明ＳｍＮｉ５－ｘＣｕｘ均属六方晶系，ＣａＣｕ５型结构。     

Fe100—xCux纳米合金材料的结构研究

利用XAFS方法研究机械合金化方法制备的Fe10 0 -xCux(x =0、1 0、2 0、40、6 0、70、80、1 0 0 ,x为原子百分比 )合金中Fe、Cu原子的局域环境结构随组成的变化 .对于Fe10 0 -xCux 二元混合物 ,当x 40时 ,Fe原子的近邻配位结构从bcc转变为fcc ,但Cu原子的近邻结构保持其fcc不变 ;与之相反 ,当x 2 0时 ,Fe原子的近邻配位保持bcc结构而Cu原子的近邻配位结构从fcc转变为bcc结构 .XAFS结果还表明fcc结构的Fe10 0 -xCux 中Fe的无序因子σ ( 0 0 0 99nm)比bcc结构的Fe10 0 -xCux 中的σ ( 0 0 0 81nm)大得多 ;并且在同一机械合金化Fe10 0 -xCux(x 40 )样品中Fe原子的σ ( 0 0 0 99nm)比Cu原子的σ ( 0 0 0 89nm)大 .这表明机械合金化的Fe10 0 -xCux 样品中Fe和Cu原子可以有相同的局域结构环境但不是均匀的过饱和固溶体 ,而是fcc或bcc合金相同时存在Fe富集区和Cu富集区 .     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Nb-Si-Cr ternary alloys with a tri-phase Nb/Nb5Si3/Cr2Nb microstructure fabricated by spark plasma sintering

In this work, pure Nb, Nb₅Si₃ and Laves Cr₂Nb compound powders were used as raw materials to prepare Nb-Si-Cr ternary alloys by spark plasma sintering (SPS). A comprehensive estimation of the microstructure and properties, including room temperature fracture toughness, high temperature strength and oxidation resistance, of the Nb-Si-Cr ternary alloys as a function of the Nb/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb phase volume fraction combinations was conducted. The results showed that Nb-Si-Cr ternary samples with the relative density larger than 98.42% were obtained by SPS processing, and the samples all consisted of Nb, Nb₅Si₃ and Cr₂Nb phases that were distributed homogeneously. The fracture toughness K_Q of the Nb/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb microstructure, which was dominated by the Nb phase, naturally increased with the Nb fraction. As expected, the room-temperature Vickers hardness and the high-temperature strength of the bulk alloys increased monotonically with the increasing of the stiffening Nb₅Si₃ fraction. Interestingly, the binary Cr₂Nb phase played a positive role in the high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. Finally, the fracture modes of the typical Nb/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb microstructures under bending and compression conditions at room and high temperatures as well as the oxidation mechanism are described and discussed.     

生物医用ZTM630镁合金微弧氧化表面改性研究

为了进一步优化生物医用镁合金的耐蚀性能，满足临床使用要求，对新型生物医用高强韧ZTM630镁合金进行了微弧氧化表面改性处理。分别制备了氧化时间为2、5、8和15 min的微弧氧化试样，并对其组织结构和耐腐蚀性能进行了表征和分析。结果发现：随着氧化时间的延长，涂层厚度与表面粗糙度均呈现增高的趋势；当氧化时间为5 min时，试样表现出最强的耐蚀性。研究表明，微弧氧化时间的合理调控对于生物医用镁合金耐蚀性的提高具有重要的意义。     

生物医用ZTM630镁合金微弧氧化表面改性研究

为了进一步优化生物医用镁合金的耐蚀性能，满足临床使用要求，对新型生物医用高强韧ZTM630镁合金进行了微弧氧化表面改性处理。分别制备了氧化时间为2、5、8和15 min的微弧氧化试样，并对其组织结构和耐腐蚀性能进行了表征和分析。结果发现：随着氧化时间的延长，涂层厚度与表面粗糙度均呈现增高的趋势；当氧化时间为5 min时，试样表现出最强的耐蚀性。研究表明，微弧氧化时间的合理调控对于生物医用镁合金耐蚀性的提高具有重要的意义。     

Glass-forming ability,microhardness, corrosion resistance,and dealloying treatment of Mg60?xCu40Ndx alloy ribbons

The influence of Nd addition on the glass-forming ability (GFA), microhardness, and corrosion resistance of Mg60?xCu40Ndx (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25, at%) alloys were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, Vickers-type hardness tests, and electrochemical me-thods. The results suggest that the GFA and microhardness of the amorphous alloys increase until the Nd content reaches 20at%. The corro-sion potential and corrosion current density obtained from the Tafel curves indicate that the Mg35Cu40Nd25 ternary alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance among the investigated alloys. Notably, nanoporous copper (NPC) was synthesized through a single-step dealloying of Mg60?xCu40Ndx (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25) ternary alloys in 0.04 mol·L?1 H2SO4 solution under free corrosion conditions. The influence of dealloying process parameters, such as dealloying time and temperature, on the microstructure of the ribbons was also studied using the sur-face diffusivity theory. The formation mechanism of dealloyed samples with a multilayered structure was also discussed.     

Effect of Zr and Ti on isothermal oxidation behavior of Nb–Si based alloys

The isothermal oxidation behavior of 56Nb-16Si-(20-x)Ti–3Cr–3Al-2Hf-xZr (x ?= ?0, 2, 5, 10 ?at. %) alloys was investigated at 800 ?°C and 1250 ?°C, respectively. The results show that increasing the Zr content evidently increased the oxidation rates at 800 ?°C, accompanied by the obvious occurrence of pesting oxidation. The alloys showed alike linear oxidation kinetics at 1250 ?°C. With the increase of Zr content, the adherence and integrity of oxide scales were improved, but the overall oxidation resistance was slightly deteriorated. The observed oxidation behavior may be attributed to the composition variation of Zr and Ti in the alloys. The oxidation mechanism associated with the composition variation is discussed in this study.     

冷却速度对Zn--5 Al--0.1 RE--x Si合金显微组织及耐蚀性能的影响

运用扫描电子显微镜/能谱仪、X射线衍射、盐雾实验、电极化曲线等手段,研究冷却速度和Si对Zn-5Al-0.1RE合金组织及耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金由先析出的?-Zn和?-Zn+α-Al共晶组织组成,前者均匀分布在相邻的?-Zn+α-Al共晶胞的边界上.降低冷却速度和Si的加入,均使Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金单位面积的晶粒增大,晶界减少,合金耐蚀性能提高. Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金耐蚀性能的差异与合金凝固组织及合金腐蚀产物中Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O和ZnO的相对量有关.     

Hydrogen storage performances of the as-milled REMg11Ni (RE = Sm, Y) alloys catalyzed by CeO2

The addition of catalysts and rare earth elements is considered to be very effective methods to enhance the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties of Mg and Mg-based hydrides. In this paper, the REMg11 Ni+ 5 wt%CeO_2(RE = Sm, Y)(named REMg11 Ni-5 CeO_2(RE = Sm, Y)) alloys were fabricated through ball milling. The phase composition and structure of the as-milled alloys were investigated in detail. The isothermal hydrogen storage thermodynamics and kinetics of the as-milled alloys were measured by using an automatically Sievert apparatus. Non-isothermal dehydrogenation performance of the alloys was investigated by thermogravimetry(TG) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) at different heating rates. The results revealed that all the asmilled alloys were the nanocrystalline and amorphous structure. The RE = Y alloy had a faster hydriding rate and a lower onset hydrogen desorption temperature than the RE = Sm alloy. The superior property of the RE= Y alloy depended on the decrease of the dehydrogenation activation energy. By means of the measurement of Pressure-Composition-Isotherm(P-C-T) curves, the thermodynamic parameters of the REMg11 Ni-5 CeO_2(RE =Sm, Y) alloys were calculated, and the dehydrogenation enthalpy change was 74.86 k J/mol for the RE = Sm alloy and 73.75 k J/mol for the RE = Y alloy, respectively.