禁忌搜索算法求解带时间窗和多配送人员的车辆路径问题

【目的】为了求解带时间窗和多配送人员的车辆路径问题,建立了该车辆路径问题的数学模型,并采用禁忌搜索算法进行求解。【方法】首先松弛车辆载重和顾客时间窗约束,在目标函数里面引入相应的惩罚成本;接着,使用贪婪算法生成初始解;最后,设计禁忌搜索算法求解该问题。在禁忌搜索中,使用了插入、删除、移动、交换等算子搜索邻域解空间,并使用扰动算子进一步加大搜索范围。为了验证禁忌搜索算法的有效性,对修改的Solomon标准测试问题进行求解,并与CPLEX的优化结果进行比较。【结果】在小规模算例求解中证实了禁忌搜索算法的准确性,在标准规模算例求解中证实了该算法的高效性。【结论】所提出的禁忌搜索算法能够有效解决带时间窗和多配送人员的车辆路径问题。     

一种基于禁忌搜索方法的作业车间调度

提出了一种解决作业车间调度最短完工时间问题的启发式算法．该算法中采用了变禁忌表长度策略的禁忌搜索方法．在禁忌搜索过程中利用完工时间（makespan）的一个下界作为判断一个解好坏的辅助量，由于得到该下界所需的计算量远远小于完工时间的，因此大大地减少了禁忌搜索过程的计算时间．从对一组问题基准实例的实验计算结果看，该算法在合理的计算时间内，得到了比当前没有使用转换瓶颈技术的最好的禁忌搜索算法之一的TSAB算法更好的结果．     

有时间窗配送车辆调度问题的禁忌搜索算法

在对有时间窗配送车辆调度问题进行描述的基础上,建立了该问题的基于直观描述的数学模型.通过设计一种新的解的表示方法构造了求解该问题的禁忌搜索算法,并以21个节点的运输网络为例进行了实验计算.计算结果表明,用作者设计的禁忌搜索算法求解有时间窗配送车辆调度问题,不仅可以取得很好的计算结果,而且算法的计算效率较高,收敛速度较快,计算结果也较稳定.     

一种基于插入法的禁忌搜索算法

结合插入法和禁忌搜索算法的优点，提出了一种基于插入法的禁忌搜索算法TIS(tabu-insert search)，该算法利用禁忌搜索算法较强的局部搜索能力和插入法在构造高质量解时的优越性来进行解空间的搜索．TIS能有效地帮助搜索程序跳出局部最优解，找到全局最优或次优解．以典型的组合优化问题TSP为例，验证了该算法的有效性，计算机实验的结果表明该算法有较好的寻优能力．     

考虑软时间窗的同时送取货随机旅行时间车辆路径问题

考虑车辆总旅行时间约束和车辆载重限制以及客户对服务时间窗的要求,研究带有软时间窗的同时送取货随机旅行时间车辆路径问题（STT?VRPSPD）,建立机会约束规划模型。将禁忌搜索算法与分散搜索算法相结合,构建混合分散禁忌搜索（HSTS）算法,并采用C?W节约算法生成初始解。基于经典的Dethloff算例和Solomon时间窗生成方法,分别生成包括50个客户、200个客户各20组算例,算例测试结果验证了混合分散禁忌搜索算法的有效性。     

一种改进的多初始解禁忌搜索算法

本文根据禁忌搜索算法的特点,提出了一种基于多初始解的禁忌搜索算法(STS)。该算法为禁忌搜索算法构造多个较优初始解,进而进行多初始解禁忌搜索以找到全局最优解。以旅行商问题(TSP)为例,验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种新的可调时间窗车辆调度问题研究

提出了一种新的时间窗可调整的车辆调度模型,设计了求解该问题的算法．设计了初始路径的构造算法、时间窗的分配以及动态调整策略和初始路径的禁忌搜索改进策略,实验计算表明,禁忌搜索算法能够显著改进初始解的质量,有效降低了运输成本,时间窗可调策略能够为顾客提供多个参考时间窗选择,增加了车辆调度的灵活性,与固定时间窗算法相比,本算法能够提高服务质量,不会产生拒绝顾客服务要求的现象．     

结合优先指派规则的车间作业问题的枚举算法

车间作业调度问题是一个典型的NP完全问题,这种问题的精确求解算法的计算时间会随着问题实例规模的增大而呈指数增加.针对车间作业调度问题的难解性,给出了一个求解该问题的快速枚举算法.该算法是按照枚举算法的一般步骤来进行设计的,在设计过程中对于算法所涉及到的初始解问题、分枝问题以及剪枝策略等问题给出了旨在减少算法计算时间的解决方案.该算法找到了所测试的9个标准算例中4个算例的精确最优解.     

面向JIT的生产作业计划禁忌搜索算法

研究和设计了面向准时制生产作业计划的禁忌搜索详细算法，论述了该算法的基于工序块的邻域设计，禁忌表设计以及在两条变动的关键路线上所做的邻域搜索策略设计。最后以准时制生产为目标，归纳出了考虑长期记忆功能的禁忌搜索算法步骤，并采用Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｆｏｘｐｒｏ５．０编程实现了该算法。     

禁忌搜索算法应用于解整数线性规划问题的实践

禁忌搜索算法的技术问题预处理，关系到算法计算结果的优劣。该文探讨禁忌搜索算法应用于解整数线性规划问题及其技术处理，得到最优解。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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