某装备车门橡胶密封条密封性敏度分析及改良设计

车门密封条的几何构型对于车门密封性起到决定性作用。本文针对某车辆装备驾驶门密封结构特点,开展了密封条几何设计参数对密封性影响的研究。首先选取驾驶门密封条软橡胶截面参数作为设计变量进行了敏度分析,建立接触压力与几何截面参数之间的关系,然后基于分析结果综合考虑,对密封条构型进行几何构型改良设计,给出了满足工程要求的设计方案。本文的分析和设计结果,为密封条产品设计提供了参考依据,可为后续研发人员研发车门密封系统提供帮助。     

车门实际关闭工况的密封条隔声性能仿真

针对车门密封条隔声的研究主要集中于二维截面单一工况的垂向压缩,很少考虑车门关闭过程中所受切向力影响的问题,以某挖掘机车门系统的实际关闭工况为边界条件开展了研究,同时提出弯曲段与直线段密封条的三维模型,并由此获取了密封条在不同压缩率下的变形特性,包括车门闭合时密封条同时产生的垂向压缩与切向滑移特性,部分位置出现的扭曲特性,以及完全压缩状态下的密封条内表面接触隔断出新的声腔等。基于密封条三维模型的预应力模态、利用模态叠加法计算了混响室-消声室下的密封条的隔声量,结果表明:随密封条压缩率的增加,隔声性能提升但增速逐渐减缓;隔声性能因新声腔的形成而显著提升;车门与密封条之间的细小缝隙会大幅削弱密封条的隔声性能。该结果对车门密封间隙的设计以及密封条的截面形状、压缩负荷研究具有指导意义。     

隔膜室橡胶密封圈结构参数研究

针对原密封圈的结构缺陷,改进了密封圈的结构,在美国AXEL实验室完成隔膜室密封圈橡胶材料性能实验.用有限元软件ANSYS对橡胶密封圈进行建模分析,以最大接触压力和最大等效应力为工作能力判据,分析结构参数对密封性能的影响,对密封圈结构的基本几何尺寸进行优化.结果表明:密封圈密封面宽度和压缩量应以保证均匀连续密封压力带,避免出现织物边缘应力过大为宜.确定了所分析参数隔膜室密封圈密封面宽取1.5 mm、压缩量取3 mm为最佳尺寸.解决了隔膜室密封结构的密闭性和早期失效问题,为设计提供参考依据.     

基于Lagrange乘数法的钢筋混凝土矩形截面单筋梁截面优化

以工程成本为目标函数,以截面有效高度为设计变量,考虑弯矩设计值、截面尺寸、配筋率等约束条件,建立了钢筋混凝土矩形截面单筋梁的优化模型.采用Lagrange乘数法对优化模型进行求解,通过算例证明该方法的有效性,为优化提供新的思路.     

结构-功能一体化异种复合材料壁板优化与验证

基于航空壁板结构承载-电气功能的一体化需求,对适用于智能蒙皮的异种复合材料壁板开展了优化设计与试验验证。通过在高模量碳纤维蒙皮的外侧增加玻璃纤维层,进行了以碳纤维-玻璃纤维-金属结构单元阵列-玻璃纤维复合顺序的壁板承载-电气功能一体化设计。针对异种复合材料结构的铺层优化需要考虑共胶接的分区域及铺层连续性的工艺要求,发展了基于丢层序列的优化方法,并对于加筋壁板的几何外形、筋条数量、筋条几何参数以及筋条与蒙皮的铺层角度进行了优化设计。通过压缩稳定性试验验证了该结构在承载能力和稳定性方面的收益,明晰了其压缩载荷下的屈曲模态及后屈曲失效机理。     

基于仿真分析的某皮卡车门密封条的结构优化设计

目前皮卡被广泛用于农产品运输,其工作环境相对较为恶劣,尤其是噪音、尘土、污水等。因此对于皮卡来讲,车门密封条的密封性显得尤为重要。本文利用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对某皮卡的车门密封条断面结构进行了仿真分析,得到了密封条断面结构的压缩变形形状、接触长度及压缩负荷,根据分析结果对该车门密封条断面的密封性和压缩力进行了评价和结构优化,最后通过仿真分析证明优化后断面结构的密封性得到了很大提高。     

某轿车车门轻量化与疲劳寿命多目标综合优化

为了提高某轿车车门的综合性能,对车门总成进行轻量化和疲劳寿命的多目标综合优化设计。首先建立并试验验证车身及车门总成有限元模型,基于模型分析车门总成装备件质量、结构尺寸、刚度和安装位置等8项参数对车门疲劳寿命的影响;然后,以这8项参数作为优化设计变量建立车门总成多目标综合优化参数模型,以车门总成质量和疲劳寿命为优化目标,以车门框刚度为约束条件,应用多目标粒子群优化算法对车门总成进行综合优化计算,得到Pareto最优解集,依据工程实际选取1组最优解,并依此进行样件试验以验证优化方法的有效性。研究结果表明:在保证车门总成刚度和提高疲劳寿命的同时,车门总成质量减少2.44 kg,说明优化方法是有效的。     

求解带平衡约束矩形布局问题的混合算法

以卫星舱布局为背景,针对二维带平衡约束的矩形集在圆容器内的布局问题,提出了一种混合算法,即带压缩策略的动态匹配算法,并与粒子群优化算法结合起来.对于给定的圆容器,将整个布局过程分为4个阶段,相应地将圆容器分成8个区域.每次放置矩形时,动态匹配算法先根据系统质心动态选择装填区域,然后在该装填区域中根据排序函数选择待布矩形.压缩策略用来压缩圆容器,粒子群优化算法用来优化排序函数的参数.在测试集上的计算结果表明:相对于已有算法,提出的混合算法更加有效.     

基于汽车行驶内外压差的门密封失效分析

汽车内外空气压差随车速提高大幅增长,随之影响车辆密封,导致车门密封失效风险上升。车门密封失效后会产生强气吸噪声,破坏车内声品质。通过风洞实验和仿真计算获得不同车速及偏航角条件下的车门密封条内外压差分布,作为输入条件,分别对车门和门密封条进行有限元建模,综合考虑压差作用下车门变形和密封条变形,以密封条与车门钣金接触宽度为标的分析其失效情况。结果表明,车门变形及位移引起的密封条预压缩量减小是密封失效的主要原因。     

客车车架的结构优化设计

文章以有限元结构分析和优化算法相结合为手段,以某型大客车车架为例,根据对车架的静态强度、刚度和模态特性的分析结果,对车架局部进行了改进设计和中段纵梁的截面尺寸的设计优化,建立了中段纵梁的力学模型、优化参数模型及有限元模型,采用ANSYS参数化设计语言编制了优化设计程序,用ANSYS软件中的零阶优化方法获得最优设计;另外对车架主要结构进行了拓扑优化,优化结果使纵梁结构节省了部分材料.计算结果表明,该优化设计的方法可广泛应用于车架的优化设计工程.     

Development of Experimental Device for Compression Load Deflection of Car Door Seals

A new experimental device has been developed for analyzing compression load deflection of the door seal by using stereovision theory. Precision instruments of optical grating and force sensor are also integrated in this device. Force-displacement response characteristics of compression at varied speed can be controlled. Solid foundations for characteristic and structure as well as optimization design of the car door seal are elucidated.     

桑塔纳2000车门密封条压缩变形的数值分析

为了评价密封条在车门关闭过程中的压缩特征,应用数值模拟技术求解非线性连续介质力学问题.以桑塔纳2000(S2000)车门密封条为例,介绍了对密封条进行有限元分析的方法和步骤.通过计算可得S2000车门密封条的压缩载荷与压缩量的关系为非线性关系,密封条垂直压缩7mm时,压缩力为33.7 N.根据大众汽车企业标准4S/J.CG09.6.2-01,S2000密封条在标准压缩7mm时的压缩力应为(25 3/-5)N,因此,S2000密封条的压缩负荷超出标准范围,需要进行优化设计.同时,与使用中的S2000密封条测试结果对比,其误差在11%以内.表明应用数值模拟技术求解非线性连续介质力学问题是行之有效的.     

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of the Structure of Door Seals

In order to evaluate the influence of the seal structure on door dosing force, nonlinear finite dement methed is introduced to analyze compression deformation of a door seal for SANTANA （name of the car made by Shanghai Volkswagen Co. Ltd）. MSC. Marc software is used to analyze the large deformation of the seal and the compression test is done to prove the computational results. The results show that the compression loads of the door seal are larger than the standard value of Shanghai Volkswagen Co. Ltd and the seal structure needs to be optimized. There are consistent relationships between calculating results and experimental results and the simulation method is effective.     

考虑材料非线性的结构拓扑优化研究综述

结构拓扑优化作为结构设计的重要组成部分,正变得越来越重要.目前国内外学者对结构拓扑优化的研究仍主要局限于材料的线性变形范围,但实际许多工程结构都会产生材料非线性响应,如设计在一定地震载荷下坏而不倒的房屋结构,此时要得到更加符合实际的拓扑构型,就需要考虑材料非线性进行结构拓扑优化设计.笔者对材料非纯属结构拓扑优化研究进行了综述,并提出了展望.     

门式刚架轻钢结构瞬态动力学的和谐响应

门式刚架受冲击或振动引起的大的动态应力易导致结构破坏。基于有限元理论,利用大型有限元分析程序对门式刚架轻钢结构进行瞬态动力学和谐响应分析,得到了梁柱端板中点位移随时间和频率变化的曲线。结果表明,在0.3 s时,x、y方向变形总量最大;当外载荷的激振频率与结构固有频率(3.021 5 Hz)接近时会引起结构共振。该研究为门式刚架轻钢结构的工程应用提供了参考。     

基于绝对节点坐标方法的压发装置建模与优化

研究压发装置的精确建模与产品性能优化问题. 基于绝对节点坐标方法的缩减板单元对压发装置电路板进行建模,通过实验确定电路板的材料参数及支撑弹簧与触发装置的非线性刚度特性,采用非线性力–位移关系建立了支撑弹簧与触发装置力学模型,搭建了压发装置结构的精确有限元模型;设计了压发装置加载实验系统,采用实验数据验证了上述有限元模型的正确性. 根据目标触发载荷范围,优化了压发装置中支撑弹簧的刚度及长度参数. 数值模拟直接指导了压发装置参数设计,并已成功应用于型号研制.      

Bearing capacity analysis of reinforced concrete L-shaped cross-section under biaxial eccentric compression

The ultimate capacity of short L-shaped reinforced concrete (RC) members subjected to biaxial eccentric compression is investigated to provide a new tool for structure engineers. On the basis of nonlinear analysis of RC arbitrary cross-section, a new simplified cross-section numerical integration method is suggested. The cross-section is divided into several triangles, and each one is integrated with Gauss integration method. And L-shaped cross-sections subjected to biaxial eccentric compression are analyzed. The interaction curves of (N-M) and (My-Mz) for L-shaped sections are derived. The analytical results are well consistent with the experimental data and other analytical results.     

土中浅埋地下拱结构化爆动载的确定方法

为了研究化爆作用下地下拱结构表面荷载分布的规律,简述了目前化爆条件下结构上荷载均布化的3种方法,提出了适用于地下拱结构抗爆设计的荷载分布假设,即拱结构横截面上荷载呈三角形分布,且纵向荷载均布。通过有限元数值模拟,比较分析了4种工况动载峰值荷载作用下拱结构在弹性阶段、塑性阶段的受力状况和结构响应,并与动荷载作用下的结构响应进行对比分析。结果表明,相较于化爆条件下拱结构所受圆锥状荷载,把化爆条件下拱结构所受荷载假设为横截面上三角形分布、沿纵向均匀分布时,拱结构响应相似;按荷载总集度相等原则提出的荷载简化方法仍偏于保守,可以作为一种用于工程设计的简化计算方法。     

Super-plasticity of Zr<Subscript>64.80</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>14.85</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>10.35</Subscript>Al<Subscript>10</Subscript> bulk metallic glass at room temperature

Generally, bulk metallic glasses （BMGs） exhibit a very limited plastic deformation under a compression load at room temperature, often less than 2% before fracturing. In this letter, through an appropriate choice of BMGs＇ composition, an amorphous rod of Zr64.80Cu14.85Ni10.35Al10 with a diameter of 2 mm was prepared by using copper mold suction casting. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were utilized to determine its structure and thermal stability, and the uniaxial compression test was adopted to study its plastic deformation behavior at room temperature simultaneously. The results showed that the glass transition temperature and onset temperature of the exothermic reaction of the amorphous rod were 646 and 750 K, respectively, and its micro-hardness was 594.7 Hv. During compression, when the engineering strain and engineering stress arrived at 9.05% and 1732 MPa, respectively, i.e., the true strain and true stress reached 9.42% and 1560 MPa, respectively, the amorphous rod started to yield. After yielding, with the increase of load, the strain increased and the glass rod ulti- mately were compressed into flake-like form. Although the maximum engineering strain was larger than 70%, i.e., the maximum true strain exceeded by 120%, the amorphous specimen was not fractured, indicating that it has super-plasticity at room temperature. Through the appropriate choice of composition and optimization of the technological process, flexible BMG with super-plasticity at room temperature could be produced.     

Structural design inspired by beetle elytra and its mechanical properties

On the basis of the microstructure of the cross-section of a beetle’s elytra,three bio-inspired lightweight structures were designed and built from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic with a three-dimensional printer.The mechanical properties of three lightweight structures were analyzed and compared employing the finite element method,and quasi-static compression experiments and a three-point bending test on the structure samples were carried out using an electronic universal testing machine to verify the effectiveness of the finite element method.The results show that all three bio-structures were lightweight and had excellent mechanical properties.In particular,the bio-structure with spherical holes and hollow columns perpendicular to the top and bottom surfaces best imitated the microstructure of the cross-section of the Cybister elytra and had the greatest specific strength/stiffness in compression and bending.Finally,a preliminary optimization design was obtained for this bio-structure to further improve its specific strength and specific stiffness to 31.82 kN m/kg and 108.73 kN m 2 /kg respectively.