TRAIL与kallistatin联合表达载体的构建及抗肿瘤活性分析

为研究肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)与组织激肽释放酶结合蛋白(kallistatin)联合用药的抗肿瘤作用,构建TRAIL与kallistatin双表达的重组质粒pAM-CAG-Kal-IRES-TRAIL,将重组质粒转染A549,LO-2,NCI-H446和Hela细胞,考察其抗肿瘤活性.实验结果表明:构建的双表达载体能同时表达TRAIL与kallistatin,且均能分泌至培养基中;TRAIL与kallistatin联合表达对肿瘤细胞活力的抑制作用明显增强,诱导肿瘤凋亡的作用也明显增强,说明联合表达TRAIL与kallistatin能够增强抗肿瘤活性.     

基于回转输运试验的煤散料离散元接触参数修正

为获取精确的刮板输送机离散元模拟结果，基于回转输运试验，通过响应面法对煤料的接触参数进行修正.采用Plackett-Burman试验考察接触参数对受力及堆积角的影响，发现煤-钢静摩擦系数、煤-煤摩擦系数具有显著正效应.根据爬坡试验结果，以受力及堆积角为响应值规划Box-Behnken试验，建立受力、堆积角与显著项间的二次回归多项式，以实测数据为目标值求得最佳参数:煤-钢静摩擦系数为0.401，煤-煤静摩擦系数为0.333，煤-煤滚动摩擦系数为0.041.通过不同输运条件下的回转试验验证了参数的准确性，为刮板输送机的离散元研究提供参考.     

美国人效能增强技术发展应用

 美国一直在进行士兵“超级”能力方面的研究，采用多项举措推动人效能增强技术发展。从顶层战略设计、科研机构任务、经费持续投入3个方面对美国人效能增强技术发展特点进行了综合分析，概述了美国人效能增强技术在体能、技能、智能等领域研究成果与进展，并分析了美国人效能增强技术的发展趋势和可能导致的社会伦理学问题。     

多维度深海鱼类识别算法

针对深海光线分布不均匀导致鱼类识别检测困难的问题,提出了符合视觉认知的多维度深海鱼类识别算法.该方法从时间维度优化传统的高斯混合模型(GMM)初步确定变化区域,从空间维度构建目标特征,完整提取运动目标,从时空关联维度建立深度学习的鱼类识别框架,试验结果表明:本算法可在多种复杂条件下准确提取运动目标,面积交迭度(AOM)达到80％以上,优于当前主流算法.     

Multifunctional artificial nacre via biomimetic matrix-directed mineralization

Natural nacre, one of the most studied biological structural materials with delicate hierarchical structures and extraordinary performance, has inspired the design and fabrication of artificial structural ceramics with high fracture toughness. However, to meet the diverse requirements of different applications, future structural materials must be multifunctional with superior mechanical properties, such as strength, hardness, and toughness. Herein, based on the matrix-directed mineralization method for producing biomimetic structural materials, we introduce nanoparticles with different inherent functions into the platelets of artificial nacre via the co-mineralization of aragonite and the nanoparticles. Besides their enhanced mechanical properties, the obtained artificial nacre materials also exhibit different functions depending on the type of the nanoparticles. To extend the versatility of this strategy, the effects of nanoparticles of different sizes and zeta potentials on mineralization are also analyzed. This universal strategy can be applied to the fabrication of other types of functionalized biomimetic structural ceramics that have potential applications in various fields, such as biomedical science.     

Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.

     

太阳系外行星的探测——2019年诺贝尔物理学奖成果简析

 James Peebles、Michel Mayor和Didier Queloz 3位科学家分享了2019年诺贝尔物理学奖，以表彰他们对宇宙学和系外行星的发现做出的贡献。介绍了Mayor和Queloz两位诺贝尔物理学奖获得者的学术经历，简述了系外行星领域的发展及现状，解读了太阳系外行星首次发现的科学意义，论述了视向速度法探测系外行星的原理和发展过程，介绍了该领域在中国的研究进展，并对未来进行了展望。     

面向云制造的有限资源多任务调度博弈

为解决云制造环境下云服务组合优化调度问题,在深入分析目前优化调度问题存在的难点及研究不足的基础上,提出一种云制造环境下有限资源的多任务调度模型。考虑服务需求者间存在的利益冲突及重要的服务评价指标,以每个服务需求者作为博弈参与者,将每个任务的执行制造路径当作博弈策略,把时间、合格率、成本和服务质量组成的综合服务水平看作博弈支付函数,最终把有限资源的多任务调度问题转变为多个静态非合作博弈问题。在此基础上,将求解纯策略纳什均衡解的过程编制为算法,该算法所得的均衡解为每个任务的最终执行制造路径。实验仿真表明该模型及算法具有可行性及有效性。     

某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米中铅污染评价及同位素溯源研究

为探究铅在土壤-玉米-大气中的迁移转化行为,以某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米为研究对象,采集距排烟口50 m、110 m、300 m、500 m、700 m、900 m和3 000 m处的土壤和玉米样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分别测定土壤、玉米和大气样品的铅含量和同位素比值。结果表明:电解铅厂周边的玉米均受到铅的污染,玉米根中的铅主要来自土壤,籽粒中的铅很有可能大部分来自大气,少部分来自土壤,茎中的铅很可能来自土壤而不是叶面传输;籽粒中的铅与叶片中的铅具有显著的相关关系(P0.01),相关方程为y=-0.0002x~2+0.0461x-0.4643,R=0.966 7。     

基于GPU的大规模多阶段任务系统可靠性并行计算方法

针对大规模多阶段任务系统(phased-mission system, PMS)的可靠性求解,引入并行计算思想,通过分析传统的一致化方法(uniformization method, UM),基于Nvidia提出的CUDA(compute unified device architecture)架构,实现了基于图形处理器(graphics processing unit, GPU)的UM并行算法(GPU-UM),并采用合并访问和共享内存技术,提高了GPU中数据负载的利用率;PMS中不同阶段参与任务的设备及其数量通常会发生变化,导致阶段间依赖性处理困难。通过对新设备加入、已有设备暂时退出任务或完全退出任务等3种基本情况的分析,提出了阶段间状态映射机制,实际中的阶段变化情况更加复杂,可综合上述3种基本情况进行处理。通过算例对比了GPU-UM、CUDA-UM、传统UM和Krylov子空间等4种算法的计算时间和可靠性结果,分析表明GPU-UM算法的计算耗时优于其他方法,且结果精度也能满足可靠性计算需求;同时,通过对比分析UM算法和Krylov子空间算法与仿真方法的结果误差,表明提出的阶段间映射机制能够正确处理PMS中阶段间的复杂依赖关系。