从中国彝族的认同谈族体理论－与Stevan Harrell教授商榷

近来美国学者郝瑞（Stevan Harrell）以四川攀枝花几个彝族支系为例，为中国彝族的认同提出质疑，认为这不符合“族群”的概念，因此彝族的“聚扰”带有任意性，他还从“民族”与“族群”两个概念出发，认为中国并无“族群”概念，本文认为，彝族虽然支系众多，但历来即有认同，新中国的民族识别还是加强了彝族整体的认同性，“民族”与“族群”的概念确有差别。我国以往在翻译和使用上曾将其混用，这一问题现已不存在，必须充分利用中国的民族志资料构建族体理论。     

民族习俗发展与精神文明——彝族跳公节习俗调查浅议

不久前,我们到了地处滇桂交界地区的广西那坡县的两个彝族聚居村寨和曾有“彝族千家寨”之称的云南富宁县板仑公社龙羊彝寨,对彝族的风俗习惯作了一次调查,并亲身参加了当地彝族同胞一年中最隆重的节日——跳公节。我们发现,这一带的彝族习俗与其他民族和居住在其他地区的彝族习俗都颇有不同,很有自己的特性,其中尤以跳公节的特点最为显著。它与这个地区彝族的整个历史发展、社会生活和文化特点都有密切关系,而且对今天的     

彝族文字渊源新探

彝族字是彝族先民在长期的生长斗争、社会实践过程中，通过几百代人的艰辛努力，逐渐创制而成的。因为有了这种字，几千年来，彝民族的哲学、化、科技和历史才得以记载和流传至今，彝族社会才越光辉灿烂，丰富多彩。章通过彝古籍、民族字学家马达仁先生手孤本《阿诺史色与彝族字》一书，以及汉古籍上和彝族民间有关彝族字起源问题的记载与传说，进行反复对比研究，最新彝学界有关彝族字研究成果的分析认为，彝族字的创制时间应是“阿诺史色”时代，即母系氏族社会后期，距今约有七千多年的历史较为可信。     

服饰：族群的活态史书——广西那坡白彝支系服饰浅析

白彝支系服饰是彝族传统文化的重要组成部分之一，也是研究彝族社会历史与经济文化的“活态史书”，具有丰富的文化内涵，体现着白彝这一族群独特的文化心态与审美意识。研究其民族服饰，对保护和利用民族文化资源，进而开发民族商品与发展文化旅游，弘扬优秀的民族传统文化有积极的现实意义。     

论大西南远古地理环境与"西南夷"的关系

本文试从地理环境与人的关系的角度，结合古地质学，考古学，分析大西南远古地理环境与“西南夷”的关系，其一，地理环境对远古人类的影响与作用近乎是决定性的；其二，川滇古陆得天独厚的远古地理环境，使其成为中国乃至亚洲黄色人种的摇篮；其三，我国迄今出土的远古人类化石，大多数在川滇古陆上；其四，元谋人及其使用火对川滇石陆成为中国乃至亚洲黄色人种的摇篮有着极其关键而重要的意义，并批驳了以氐羌说为代表的几种关于中国彝族远古起源的立论存在的种漏洞，从而推论元谋人后裔“西南夷”是大西南地区的土著居民，而彝族作为“西南夷”的一部分，当然也是大西南地区的土著民族。     

南涧彝族“跳菜”的历史溯源及体育功能价值的探究

云南大理无量山、哀牢山民间的彝民,有一种独特的集传统饮食文化、舞蹈、音乐于一体的“跳菜舞”,彝语称之为“吾多哈”也就是彝族的伴餐舞“跳菜”,它是彝族在婚、丧、嫁、娶等重大礼仪活动中,活跃气氛敬重宾客的一种民族风俗舞蹈。近年来,各领域对南涧彝族“跳菜”的研究都趋于完善,但在体育领域的研究甚少。基于此,希望通过对南涧彝族“跳菜”的历史溯源、演进、种类、身体特征及组合进行研究,探求南涧彝族“跳菜”的体育功能价值,以便人们更加了解南涧彝族“跳菜”,积极参与和传承这一项宝贵的民族传统体育项目。     

“打歌”琐谈

“打歌”这种古老而纯朴的歌舞形式,在西南一些少数民族中广为流传,形式各具特色,内容丰富多采,但对它的称谓,各民族叫法不一。“打歌”是汉语翻译时笼而统之的“他称”。对“打歌”的起源,族属,流传等问题,近年来也有一些同志作了有益的探索,有彝族说,认为“打歌”为彝族所特有,其他民族是从彝族学来,或所流行的是与“打歌”相异趣的另一种歌舞。也有白族说,认为“打歌”是存在于白族中的一种诗,歌,舞三位一体的古老歌舞形式。本文拟就笔者近年     

彝族烟盒舞的起源及其转型

彝族烟盒舞起源于原始的狩猎祭祀,与彝族“跳乐”、“跳弦”等民间舞蹈同源异流。彝族进入农耕社会后,烟盒舞开始以高梁杆、牛皮、铜鼓为乐器,加之与彝族男女青年“吃火草烟”相结合,逐渐形成有固定套路和配器的民间舞蹈,并由单一向综合性、复合性演变,成为深层彝族文化的载体。     

作为非物质文化遗产的南涧彝族“跳菜”

本文根据衡量非物质文化遗产的四条标准：具有突出的历史、文化和科学价值；具有展现中华民族文化创造力的典型性和代表性；具有在一定群体中世代传承、活态存在的特点；具有鲜明特色，在当地有较大影响。结合南涧彝族“跳菜”的实际情况进行比照分析，得出了南涧彝族“跳菜”是一种非物质文化遗产的结论。     

论"梅葛"的历史文化特点

“梅葛”是楚雄彝族最具有代表性的原始性史诗,与民族同生共长,并与原始宗教祭祀、节日庆典、礼仪民俗融为一体,蕴含着丰富的历史文化特点,如充满浓厚、神秘的原始宗教观念,展示了楚雄彝族家庭婚姻和传统伦理道德的演变过程,同时还揭示了彝族社会生产力从低到高不断发展变化的历史进程,阐述了彝族从游牧到旱稻兼作或稻作的农耕演变规律。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to