烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

高灵敏度光纤MZI折射率传感器

首次在实芯光子晶体光纤中制备了横向大偏置结构光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪折射率传感器,并理论分析了此种干涉仪的干涉机制和折射率传感特性,以及影响折射率传感特性的各种因素;搭建实验系统,测试了折射率传感特性。结果表明,腔长330 μm传感器的干涉谱对外部环境折射率变化的响应成线性,透射谱随环境介质折射率增大而向短波方向移动,灵敏度超过-15 100 nm/RIU,灵敏度与腔长长度无关,光子晶体光纤的气孔对折射率传感特性影响很小。此种高灵敏度的光纤微腔折射率传感器适用于液体或气体的快速检测领域。     

全反射比较法测量液体折射率色散的研究

基于全反射原理,提出一种用比较法测量液体折射率色散的方法.分析了棱镜全反射比较法测量液体折射率色散的基本原理,推导得到折射率色散的计算公式.结果表明:待测液体折射率色散与标准液体折射率色散、全反射极限出射角有关,与棱镜折射率色散无关;搭建相应的实验光路及系统,通过与阿贝折射仪及双棱镜法测量折射率色散对比证明了该方法的准确性.实验测量了葡萄糖水、印度墨水、聚苯乙烯溶液、品红溶液、唾液、汗液及不同浓度蜜糖溶液样品的折射率色散曲线,同一样品的折射率随着波长的增加而降低,并通过柯西色散公式得到相关样品色散曲线的拟合方程.实验表明:测量液体折射率的精度约0.000 2;分离餐后汗液、唾液的折射率明显高于餐前,这一实验结论给糖尿病的无创检测血糖提供一种可能的思路.文中提出的方法不需要棱镜折射率及其色散数据,具有实验系统简单、样品量少、测量过程方便、测量精度高等特点,不仅适合于透明及弱吸收散射的液体,而且可被用于固体折射率色散的测量,具有实际推广应用意义.     

电荷耦合器件型折射率测定仪的研制

基于折射定律设计光路，利用线阵电荷耦合器件（CCD）对光斑位移进行检测，研制成功小型的能够测量透明介质折射率的仪器，设计的测量折射率的范围显著增加．介绍了该仪器设计的基本原理、使用方法，并通过对一些材料折射率的测量，证明其具有较高的测量准确性．     

倾斜光纤光栅透射光谱对外界介质折射率的响应规律研究

倾斜光纤光栅因其独特的结构在传感和通信领域应用前景广阔。基于模式耦合理论,仿真研究介质折射率对倾斜光纤光栅透射功率谱的影响及其变化规律。研究结果表明,当介质折射率在1.35至1.4之间变化时,本文设计的倾斜光纤光栅透射功率谱包层谐振峰位置随外界介质折射率的增大而逐渐向长波长方向移动,波长偏移量与外界介质折射率之间呈良好的线性关系,利用这个结论可进行介质折射率的测量。     

酯肪醛折光指数与分子结构间定量关系的探讨

用图论方法探讨了脂肪酸折光指数与分子结构的关系，提出一个既能表征脂肪酸结构性能关系又能预测折光指数的定量关系式。结果表明，脂肪酸折光指数计算值与实验值的一致性令人满意，平均误差０．１０２％．     

常压下低折射率纳米多孔二氧化硅薄膜的制备

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为有机醇盐前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶技术,通过酸/碱二步法控制实验条件,结合低表面张力溶剂替换以及甲基非活性基团置换修饰、超声振荡等,在常压下成功地制备出折射率在1.11～1.27范围内的二氧化硅纳米多孔光学薄膜。制备过程中充分注意到稀释、老化、有机修饰表面、热处理和提拉条件对薄膜都有很大的影响,利用这些因素可以对该纳米薄膜的孔洞率、折射率进行控制,尤其是能制备低折射率薄膜,从而为该薄膜的应用开发奠定基础。采用椭偏仪测量薄膜的厚度和折射率,薄膜中高的孔洞率、低的折射率归结于最终干燥阶段中的弹性回跳。扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现修饰薄膜的表面形貌具有明显的多孔结构。耐磨实验表明所制备的薄膜有良好的机械性能。     

Sensitivity dependence of surface plasmon resonance based sensors on prism refractive index

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that refractive index of the prism used to load metal film has significant influence on sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance based sensors. The prism with lower refractive index gives the sensors a higher sensitivity in detecting refractive index variations of a sample. We attribute this effect to the fact that a prism with low refractive index will increase coupling distance between surface plasmons and the medium under investigation. Foundation item: Supported by Wuhan University and National Education Ministry of China Biography: Wang Guo-ping (1964-), male, Professor, research direction: bolographic materials, diffractive optical elements, optical properties of metallic nanopracticles and metal-dielectric nanostructures     

垒层介质折射率对光量子阱透射谱的影响

利用传输矩阵法理论,研究垒层介质折射率对光量子阱透射谱的影响,结果表明：垒层高折射率介质的折射率越大,光量子阱的透射峰带宽越窄;垒、阱层介质的折射率之和的比值越大,光量子阱的透射峰带宽越窄。光量子透射峰带宽对垒层介质折射率的响应规律,不仅可以解决自然介质的折射率上限问题,而且为设计窄带高品质的光学滤波器件提供理论依据,同时对光量子阱的理论研究也具有积极的指导意义。     

基于单模光纤偏芯结构的光纤折射率传感器研究

基于迈克尔逊(Michelson)干涉仪(MI)原理,结合光纤传感器的特性,设计和实现了一种单模光纤(SMF)偏芯干涉仪结构光纤折射率传感器,并针对蔗糖溶液进行了折射率的测量。实验结果表明:这种传感器的传感范围在1.33～1.39时,特征波长与外界折射率有单调的递减变化关系,蔗糖折射率每变化0.01时,特征波长平均变化约为0.12nm。这种传感器结构简单,灵敏度较高,能够实现液体折射率与浓度变化的在线检测。     

基于棱镜耦合的双循环法测量液体复折射率

提出一种棱镜耦合布儒斯特角双循环算法,实现了液体复折射率的精确测量.使用p线偏振光入射到等腰棱镜底面与待测液体样品的分界面上,逐步旋转棱镜,得到样品总光强反射率随入射角变化关系的实验曲线;基于菲涅尔公式及布儒斯特定律,分析了棱镜测量液体复折射率的基本原理,采取双循环拟合算法,求得样品折射率及消光系数;搭建了相应的实验系统,测量了印度墨水、脂肪乳溶液和二碘甲烷匹配液等样品的复折射率,也得到了印度墨水和脂肪乳溶液的折射率、消光系数随浓度变化的实验曲线.实验表明:测量液体折射率及消光系数的精度分别约为0.000 2和0.000 1,有较高的测量准确度及稳定性,测量液体折射率范围不受棱镜折射率限制.