钴掺杂对草酸锌热分解过程的影响

在空气气氛下,利用热重/差热扫描同步热分析仪(TG/DSC),对掺钴草酸锌(CoxZn1-xC2O4.2H2O(摩尔分数x为0和5%))的热分解过程及其动力学进行分析。动力学分析采用多升温速率法,通过Fredman方程和OFW方程2种不同方法对活化能和指前因子进行计算,考察钴掺杂对整个过程的影响。实验结果表明:钴掺杂使草酸锌热分解反应的热量变化由吸热变成放热;随着钴的掺入,反应的活化能降低,即钴掺杂使反应的难度降低;用多元线性回归方法确定的活化能分别为E=178.5 kJ/mol(x=0)和E=150.0 kJ/mol(x=5%),最可几机理函数均为Cn(自催化反应)模型。     

尖晶石型MAl2O4(M=Ni、Mg)纳米粉体的溶胶凝胶法制备及表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了MAl2O4（M=Ni、Mg）尖晶石纳米粉体，无水乙醇溶解摩尔比nM（NO3）2∶nM（NO3）3=1 ∶ 2，草酸作络合剂，加热搅拌得到湿凝胶，继续干燥得到干凝胶，随后对于凝胶在不同温度下进行焙烧，得到了粉体状产物．用TG、DSC技术对前躯体干凝胶进行热分析，对煅烧粉末进行了XRD、TEM表征，并考察了煅烧温度对MAl2O4晶化程度的影响．实验结果表明：该方法制备单相且晶化程度较高的尖晶石型MAl2O4纳米粉体所需温度为800℃，比微波反应法合成温度降低200℃，比铝单醇盐Sol-Gel法降低100℃．     

反萃沉淀法制备纳米氧化锌及其光催化动力学

以二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(HDEHP)为萃取剂,CCl4为稀释剂,H2C2O4-CH3CH2OH-H2O溶液为反萃沉淀剂,采用反萃沉淀法制备前躯体二水合草酸锌,经450 ℃煅烧制备了纳米级氧化锌粉体,用TEM,SEM,TG,XRD和FT-IR等测试手段对材料进行表征.结果表明:部分氧化锌为六角形的多微孔材料,平均粒径约为32 nm.基于Langmuir模型和Photo-Layer模型对氧化锌降解亚甲基蓝的动力学行为进行研究.结果表明:光催化氧化过程的控制步骤为化学反应动力学控制机制,反应动力学符合拟一级动力学;利用Photo-Layer模型可估算出不同反应条件下光反应层中的·OH浓度.     

Al_2O_3/ZrO_2复合粉体的制备及表征

以Al(NO3)3.9H2O和ZrOCl2.8H2O为前躯体,NH3.H2O为沉淀剂,用共沉淀法制备出了Al∶Zr不同摩尔比的复合粉体,在不同温度下煅烧,利用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM分别对粉体进行表征,并由谢乐公式算出粉体粒度.结果表明相同煅烧温度下复合粉体的粒度随氧化锆含量的增加而增长,复合粉体中t-ZrO2的存在不仅受煅烧温度的影响而且受Al∶Zr摩尔比的制约.     

碱式碳酸钴非等温热分解动力学

利用热重分析及X线衍射技术,考察不同升温速率下碱式碳酸钴的热分解特性,研究碱式碳酸钴热分解动力学.用模型函数法(Coats-Redfern和Achar法)和非模型法(Kissinger法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法)分析计算热分解过程第2阶段的动力学参数.研究结果表明:在空气气氛下,碱式碳酸钴的热分解过程分2个阶段进行(碱式碳酸钻在303 K左右开始失去结晶水:493 K时无水盐分解,至625 K以上基本分解完毕,产物为四氧化三钴),其中分解过程质量损失率为29.5%,与理论值相符:产物表观活化能E为106.139～144.537 kJ/mol,lgA(A为指前因子)为9.396～11.868,机理函数为成核与长大模型.     

生物质花生壳热分解及热分解模拟

用NETZSCH-STA409PC热分析仪研究了生物质花生壳的分解规律和动力学.花生壳的热分解主要有3个失重过程,第1个发生在80～100℃,为失水过程,对应DSC为吸热,失重量6%;第2个发生在100～380℃,为花生壳的热分解过程,该过程为吸热,失重量54%;第3个发生在380～700℃,为热分解残余有机物缓慢分解过程,失重量为16%;700℃后,基本恒重.讨论升温速率、粒度、气速对热分解曲线的影响.拟合了动力学方程函数,并求出动力学参数.花生壳分解可用三维扩散模型(D3)模拟,活化能E=141.67kJ.mol-1,指前因子lgA=8.645 4,用所得D3模型动力学方程预测,在花生壳分解过程中于360℃保温12min它的分解率近100%.这个结果能够用于优化气化分解过程.     

水杨酸锌热分解动力学研究

用热分析(TG/DTG,DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)技术研究了固态物质水杨酸锌在空气中热分解的过程.热分析结果表明,水杨酸锌在空气中分两步分解,其失重率与理论计算失重率相吻合.XRD结果表明水杨酸锌分解的终产物为ZnO.用Friedman法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)法求取了分解过程的活化能E,并用多元线性回归和多元非线性回归法给出了可能的机理函数,由这些方法得到的动力学数据相互比较吻合.     

热分析法研究CuSO_4·5H_2O结构

利用热分析法(TG/DSC)研究五水硫酸铜(CuSO_4·5H_2O)的热分解过程,并对其脱水机理及硫酸铜(CuSO_4)在高温下分解机理进行探索.研究表明,在升温速率为1℃/min时,CuSO_4·5H_2O的脱水过程为,在75℃失去2个结晶水,在100℃又失去2个结晶水,在215℃失去最后1个结晶水.CuSO_4分解为,CuSO_4在700℃分解生成氧化铜(CuO)和三氧化硫(SO_3),理论失重率为32.0%,实际失重率为31.0%;CuO在810℃进一步分解生成氧化亚铜(Cu_2O)和氧气(O_2),理论失重率为3.2%,实际失重率为3.2%,理论计算与实际测量值基本吻合.用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对CuSO_4·5H_2O分解产物进行分析,表征结果与热分析结果相一致,进一步验证了热分析方法的可靠性.     

MgFe2O4铁氧体原位包覆羰基铁超细复合粉体的制备及其抗氧化性能

采用非均匀成核和化学沉淀相结合的方法制备了MgFe2O4铁氧体原位包覆羰基铁超细复合粉体,对制备工艺及其抗氧化性能进行了研究.用综合热分析仪(TGDSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对粉体进行了表征.研究表明:沉淀剂NaOH溶液浓度为0.1mol/L时前驱体的得率最高且包覆层最均匀;尖晶石型MgFe2O4在400℃时就已形成,600℃后MgFe2O4发生分解;400℃煅烧后,在羰基铁颗粒表面均匀地包覆了500nm左右的鳞片狀MgFe2O4;随着MgO掺量的增加,MgFe2O4的含量逐渐增加,羰基铁粉的抗氧化性逐渐增强,当MgO掺量的质量分数为25%时,粉体的氧化率仅为6.01%.     

银-镍、铜、锌、铅草酸共沉淀盐的合成与热分解

采用共沉淀方法合成了银与镍、铜、锌、铅草酸共沉淀盐Ag2[M（C2O4）2].nH2O（M=Ni^2＋、Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、Pb^2＋）,将合成物质加热到500°C可以得到金属合金或金属氧化物粉末。用热重（ThermogravimetricAnalysis,TGA）和差热（Differential Thermal Analysis,DTA）分析技术比较了银金属草酸共沉淀盐和相对应的镍、铜、锌、铅单一草酸盐在空气气氛中的热分解行为,推断出了所合成共沉淀盐的热分解过程,探讨了共沉淀盐的热分解特点。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to