一种基于声韵母分割的汉语语音识别方法①

汉语语音识别研究中，识别单元的选取是很重要的。该文提出一种基于声韵母分割的，以韵母为基本识别单元的大词汇量孤立词的语音识别方法，并与以汉语词为基本识别单元的语音识别方法进行比较识别实验。结果表明，基于韵母为基本识别单元的语音识别性能优于以汉语词为基本识别单元的语音识别方法。     

汉语孤立词声韵分割算法的研究

文章从汉语语音评价系统设计的需要出发,针对DTW算法和汉语音节的特点,研究并实现了汉语音节中声母和韵母分割的两种算法,算法依据的基础都是依据不同类语音段数据相异的原理.在实际系统测试中,发现基于段间距离的分割算法取得了良好的实验结果,可以作为汉语语音评价系统中的声韵分割算法.     

基于词组输入方式的汉语大词汇语音识别系统的研究

研究了汉语大词汇词组语音识别算法的实现问题，提出了适用于大词汇汉语语音识别的有效而可行的训练和识别策略，对其中一些关键问题做了比较性实验，得出了一些有益的结论．针对汉语语音学特点提出了一种新的识别基元依赖韵头的声韵母模型（ＦＨＩＦ），实验证明ＦＨＩＦ的确优于普通的声韵母模型（ＩＦ）．随后介绍了一个特定人汉语大词汇词组语音的模拟识别系统，该系统原则上可以识别无限的汉语词组，通过对汉语中最常用的５０００词的测试结果表明，该模拟系统首选词条在特定人下已达到了约８７％的识别率     

ROSTA算法收敛性的研究

研究并讨论了学习样本的排列次序对连续函数映射网络性能的影响，提出了样本次序重组的规则，据此规则实现了ＲＯＳＴＡ算法并将其用于语音信号的声、韵母分割和通信网非话业务信号的识别研究，取得了较为理想的结果．     

基于多尺度分形维数的汉语语音声韵切分

针对低信噪比环境 ,提出一种汉语语音声韵母切分新方法。以语音信号非线性产生机制中存在混沌特性为依据 ,将普通分形维数扩展为多尺度分形维数 ,用于考察语音信号在不同最大观测分辨率下的局部自相似性。利用稳定声韵母段及其之间过渡段在多尺度分形维数上的不同特性能较好地区分二者。由此针对汉语音节“声母 +韵母”的结构特点设计了一种简单而高效的汉语语音声韵母切分方法。在干净语音测试集下测试 ,切分正确率为 95 .2 % ;在信噪比为10 d B的噪声环境下 ,正确率达到 82 .3%。     

巴基斯坦学生汉语语音学习难点分析

汉语和巴基斯坦的国语乌尔都语分属于不同的语系,特别是在语音方面,差别很大。在对外汉语教学中,语音教学重要组成部分。对外汉语语音教学的任务是让学习者掌握汉语语音的基本知识和汉语普通话正确、流利的发音,为用口语进行交际打下基础,使语流更自然、流利。本文通过大量调查,对巴基斯坦学生学习汉语语音的难点进行分析,从声母、韵母、声调等方面出发,分析学生容易产生的偏误。学习声母时,难点主要是在送气与不送气上,韵母上的主要问题是鼻音题,四声从难到易,分别是一声、三声、二声、四声。     

基于语音合成法的汉语人名语音库的设计应用

采用语音合成方法完成了汉语人名语音库的设计.声母部分直接采用录音样本,而韵母部分则通过激励声道频率响应函数来合成语音,然后通过声韵母拼接来实现人名语音合成,以此建立人名语音库.可以实现各种可能人名语音的合成,适合应用于多种电子自助系统中.     

一种新型汉语语音声韵母切分方法

提出了一种基于模糊神经网络的汉语语音声韵母切分方法。该网络的输入采用了时间相依序列的并置输入形式，它的模糊层的输出值在〔０，１〕之间，提供了输入矢量对应的类别的信息，将单音节输入矢量分为噪声，声母和韵母三段，完成了音节的定位和声韵母切分。     

一种基于噪声动态检测的语音端点检测算法

HMM技术在语音识别中得到较为成功的应用．本文基于HMM的孤立词语音识别系统的识别策略，提出了两个改进的算法．第一种算法是对背景噪声进行动态估计的汉语语音端点检测算法，较一些常规的端点检测方法如基于能量的端点检测方法，具有更高精度和鲁棒性，第二种算法针对分裂法进行码本设计时，可能出现除数为零的计算错误，提出了避免出现计算错误的改进算法．通过进行汉语孤立词语音识别实验，表明这两种算法是有效的，得到较高的识别率．     

易混淆语音特征提取方法的研究

在语音识别系统中,易混淆语音是导致系统识别率下降的重要原因。汉语音节是由声母和韵母组成的,在易混淆语音中,其韵母部分的混淆度很大。针对易混淆语音的韵母部分,通过改进特征提取的方法来提高易混韵母之间的区分度,提出了一种基于小波分解和线性预测(WLPC)的特征提取方法,并用局部保持映射(Locality Preserving Projections)算法对提取的特征进行了特征变换。实验结果显示,与传统的MFCC特征相比,该特征能更好的区分不同的韵母。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-