四个水稻品种幼苗耐冷力比较

4个水稻品种的7d龄幼苗经过室内低温培养箱(温度0℃，光照)处理2d后，结果表明：琼农占4号、奇源占对冷胁迫反应敏感，表现在根系电解质泄漏显著增加、叶绿素含量和幼苗存活率下降。Ⅱ优128、广优4号的根系电解质泄漏和叶绿素含量变化少，幼苗成活率高，结果说明Ⅱ优128、广优4号的耐冷性较前两者强。此鉴定方法可靠可行、方便、快捷，可用于水稻品种抗冷性的鉴定。     

苗期低温锻炼对水稻叶片生理性状的影响

通过苗期亚低温的锻炼,研究水稻品种的诱导抗性.实验结果表明,与抗冷性弱的二九丰相比,抗冷性强的中冷8号通过亚低温锻炼,在叶绿素含量、叶片质膜透性、可溶性糖含量三个指标上表现出更强的抗低温能力.说明不同抗冷性的水稻品种具有不同的诱导抗性.     

不同品种辣椒种子发芽和苗期耐冷性差异的研究

采用低温下发芽鉴定和苗期低温处理后生理生化指标的测定等方法，研究了8个辣椒品种种子萌发期和幼苗期的耐冷性反应，结果表明供试材料对低温反应存在的差异。低温下室内耐冷性鉴定指标为15℃和20℃。低温引起细胞膜透性改变，导致电解质外渗，细胞内可溶性糖含量上升，同时出现萎蔫、倒伏等冷害症状。根据种子发芽率、膜透性变化等生理指标的综合评定，可将8个品种的辣椒分为：耐冷力强（麻辣三道筋、北京茄门、四平头）、耐冷力中等（西夏牛角王、保加利亚尖椒、伊犁牛角椒）、耐冷力弱（洛椒4号、洛椒6号）3类。     

不同早籼稻品种幼苗期的耐冷生理鉴定

为了解4个早籼稻品种幼苗期耐冷性的生理特点,在人工气候箱内经26℃(对照)、12℃、10℃和6℃处理4 d后,测定分析水稻幼苗过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗坏血酸(AsA)含量、可溶性蛋白质含量及电解质渗漏率6个生理指标的变化及其与抗冷性的关系.结果表明,在相同低温胁迫条件下,株两优120和金优L2两个早籼稻品种幼苗期POD活性、CAT活性、AsA含量及可溶性蛋白质含量均高于准两优143和湘早籼45号,而MDA含量及电解质渗漏率均低于准两优143和湘早籼45号.上述结果说明两系法杂交稻株两优120的耐冷性最强,三系杂交水稻金优L2次之,两系法杂交稻准两优143和常规水稻湘早籼45号耐冷性稍差.     

芸苔素内酯对水稻孕穗期冷害的防治初报

用植物生长调节剂芸苔素内酯（ｂｒａｓｉｎｏｌｉｅｌｅｓ;简称云大１２０或ＢＲ１２０）对５个具有不同耐冷性的水稻品种进行孕穗期低温冷害的防治研究,结果为：（１）喷施云大１２０可以使水稻品种的低温结实率提高４０１％;（２）云大１２０的不同施用浓度对冷害的防治因品种的来源而异,日本品种在２０００倍液的防治效果较好,云南品种则是１０００倍液效果更佳;（３）不同幼穗发育阶段喷施云大１２０,对防治水稻低温冷害的效果不同,当叶枕距为－２ｃｍ至－３ｃｍ时,喷施效果最佳．     

水稻生育前期游离脯氨酸的低温效应

本文研究了水稻生育前期,不同品种、不同器官在低温处理下游离脯氨酸的含量变化。所得结果表明:在芽期和一叶期,不同品种、不同器官低温处理后的游离脯氨酸含量趋于增加,且增加的幅度在抗冷性不同的品种间有所不同,抗冷性强的品种其增加幅度大于抗冷性弱的品种,地上部分脯氨酸积累效应大于地下部分、即地上部分的脯氨酸代谢对低温更为敏感,在三叶期和分蘖期,低温处理后的游离脯氨酸含量趋于减少,减少的幅度同样具有品种间差异,即抗冷性强的品种减少的幅度大于抗冷性弱的品种,根与叶同时存在减少的趋势.因而可以认为水稻生育前期的不同阶段是以不同的代谢机制适应和抵抗低温胁迫的。其转折点在一叶期到二叶期的过渡时候。     

设施栽培番茄品种选育进展

通过对21份不同番茄品种和材料在低温弱光条件下形态和生理指标的测定,结果表明,番茄苗期受低温伤害程度(冷害),结合低温处理后叶片电导值增加量、细胞膜伤害率测定和弱光下的相对坐果率、相对产量,可作为番茄耐低温、耐弱光性能的鉴定指标.叶片中叶绿素含量在低温弱光下的变化趋势作为设施专用番茄品种选育的筛选指标之一,耐低温弱光的品种在低温弱光下叶片中叶绿素的含量呈上升趋势;净光合作用曲线可以作为选育设施番茄品种的一个比较理想的群体指标;叶绿素荧光指数不宜作为品种选育的耐低温弱光指标.从品种选育的角度应该加强单性结实材料的利用,并提高耐弱光的能力.     

植物寒冻抗性分子机理研究进展

耐冷植物的耐冷性是由未驯化时即拥有的"固有耐冷性"和"冷驯化后增加的抗冻性"两部分组成.固有耐冷性的形成主要是由于其细胞膜中含有较多的不饱和脂肪酸、细胞的抗氧化系统可满足其冷保护需求、细胞的骨架体系在低温胁迫时可进行适当的调整.而冷驯化后增加的抗冻性主要是由于启动了大量冷诱导基因的表达,合成了多种冷诱导蛋白,它们通过改善细胞的各种结构、调节细胞物质和能量代谢的平衡等过程使植物体的抗冻性得以大大提升.用50篇文献综述了植物抗冻性方面的研究成果,旨在为植物的防冻减灾以及抗冻育种提供理论指导.     

低温胁迫下嫁接对西瓜光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数影响的研究

研究了低温胁迫下自根及二种嫁接幼苗叶片光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明，耐冷性强的黑籽南瓜/小兰嫁接植株叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度降幅最小，耐冷性弱的自根苗降幅最高，耐冷性较强的超丰F1/小兰表现中等；自根及二种嫁接苗叶片Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ值均降低，说明PSII原初光能转换效率受到抑制及光合机构遭到破坏；耐冷性弱的自根西瓜幼苗受抑制和破坏程度显著高于耐冷性强的嫁接苗黑籽南瓜/小兰和超丰F1/小兰；自根苗光化学猝灭系数和非光化学猝灭系数降幅高于二种嫁接苗。以上说明低温下耐冷性强的嫁接苗抵御低温对光合机构伤害的能力及碳同化能力高于自根苗。     

水稻耐低温研究进展

水稻是世界上的主要粮食作物之一,低温将导致水稻发育延缓,长期遭受低温胁迫易导致水稻枯萎死亡。全球每年约有1 500万hm²的水稻面临低温胁迫危害,低温冷害已成为水稻减产的主要原因之一。为系统了解水稻耐低温机理研究进展,总结了水稻在面临低温胁迫时的细胞结构特征、生理生化变化、耐低温优良品种选育等研究现状。对水稻的耐低温分子机理、耐低温基因定位进行了总结,并展望了水稻耐低温品种的未来选育方向。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.