20g钢高温裂纹扩展控制参量

在20g钢高温裂纹扩展实验基础上,将裂纹扩展速率da/dt分别与断裂参量静截面应力σnet、应力强度因子K和C积分相关联,以寻求非稳态蠕变扩展阶段,高温裂纹扩展速率的恰当控制参量·研究结果表明:断裂参量静截面应力、应力强度因子与裂纹扩展速率之间的关系受到加载速率和温度影响·在400℃和500℃下,C积分与裂纹扩展速率均存在着惟一的关系·用C积分控制20g钢高温裂纹扩展速率da/dt较合适,并建立了20g钢高温裂纹扩展速率da/dt的控制方程     

HG60RA钢低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率研究

用卸载柔度法检测疲劳裂纹长度技术，以弹塑性断裂力学参量作为低周疲劳裂纹扩展速度驱动力，研究ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢在常温和４００℃下的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率，得到了ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢的常温下和４００度时的ｄａ／ｄｎ－△Ｊ关系。试验结果表明，ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢在４００度时的低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率要比其常温下的低，这一结果对带缺陷运行的锅炉压力容器安全性评估和寿命预测提供了依据。     

钛系负载型催化剂丙烯聚合动力学研究

研究了常压下采用含苯甲酸乙酯的钛系负载型催化剂的丙烯聚合动力学，并用动力学方法测定了定催化体系聚合加氢和不加氢的活性中心比浓度［Ｃ＾＊］、聚合速率常数Ｋｐ，链增长活化能△Ｅ。结果是加氢聚合在３０～５０℃温度下［Ｃ＾＊］值为５×３０＾－３～１５×１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／ｍｏｌＴｉ，Ｋｐ值为６５～９４Ｌ／ｍｏｌ．ｓ，△Ｅ为１９．２ｋｊ／ｍｏｌ；不加氢聚合［Ｃ＾＊］值为１×１０＾－３～３．５×１０＾－３ｍｏｌ     

预蠕变损伤对高温疲劳宏观裂纹扩展的影响

针对ＳＵＳ３０４不锈钢光滑试棒预先导入１０７３ Ｋ·ｃｐ－ｔｙｐｅ条件下的预蠕变疲劳损伤，然后开小切口进行时间依存性 ９２３ Ｋ·ｃｐ－ｔｙｐｅ，１０７３ Ｋ·ｃｐ－ｔｙｐｅ及循环数依存性９２３ Ｋ·ｐｐ－ｔｙｐｅ的宏观裂纹扩展试验，考察了试棒内部因预蠕变疲劳而产生的大量的粒界微小裂纹对高温疲劳宏观裂纹扩展的影响．结果如下： １．预损伤加速了９２３ Ｋ·ｃｐ－ｔｙｐｅ下的蠕变裂纹扩展，对于同一蠕变Ｊ积分范围△Ｊｃ，损伤值越大，裂纹扩展速度ｄｌ／ｄＮ也越大．这种加速起因于主裂纹与微小裂纹的合体． ２．１０７３ Ｋ·ｃｐ－ｔｙｐｅ下的预损伤材料和处女材料的ｄｌ／ｄＮ在同一△Ｊｃ。下相等．即，损伤材料的裂纹扩展速度的上限值由１０７３ Ｋ·ｃｐ－ｔｙｐｅ下的处女材料的ｄｌ／ｄＮ－△Ｊｃ关系给出． ３．在９２３ Ｋ·ｐｐ－ｔｙｐｅ条件下，对于同一疲劳Ｊ积分范围△Ｊｆ，预损伤材料的ｄｌ／ｄＮ要比处女材料快１０倍左右．一般ｐｐ－ｔｙｐｅ的破坏形式为粒内破坏．预损伤材料的场合，因为试棒内部分布有大量的微小粒界裂纹，主裂纹便沿这些破坏阻抗最小的微小裂纹边合体边扩展，主要在粒界上扩展．即微小粒界裂纹是裂纹扩展阻抗减小的主因．     

高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验技术研究

研究了４００℃下低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验技术．主要包括疲劳裂纹长度、疲劳裂纹的扩展速率和低周疲劳裂纹扩展驱动力ΔＪ的自动检测技术；载荷ｐ、载荷线位移Ｄ、裂纹嘴张开位移ｖ的信号计算机采集系统和标定软件；试验和数据处理的应用软件．研究表明ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢在４００℃时的低周疲劳裂纹扩展率略低于常温下的     

高温低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验技术研究

研究了４００℃下低周疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验技术。主要包括疲劳裂纹长度、疲劳裂纹的扩展速率和低周疲劳裂纹扩展驱动Ｊ的自动检测技术；载荷ｐ、载荷线位移Ｄ、裂纹嘴张开位移ｖ的信号计算机采集系统和标定软件；试验和数据处理的应用软件。研究表明ＨＧ６０ＲＡ钢在４００℃时的低周疲劳裂纹扩展率略低于常温下的。     

Ti（C,N）基金属陶瓷的疲劳裂纹扩展速率

用ＥＨＦ－ＥＡ１０型电液伺服疲劳试验机研究了试样缺口处于拉－拉应力状态条件下，Ｔｉ（Ｃ，Ｎ）基金属陶瓷材料疲劳裂纹扩展ｄａ／ｄＮ－△Ｋ曲线；考察了化学成分变化及热处理对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响，观察了疲劳裂纹扩展区的新口形貌，对疲劳裂纹扩展机理进行了讨论。     

JM积分在低强钢焊接接头应力腐蚀破裂计算中的应用

运用悬臂弯曲应力腐蚀破裂试验的方法，研究了低强钢焊焊接头的应力腐蚀裂纹的亚临界稳定扩展问题，提出了用弹塑性断裂力学参量ＪＭ描述应力腐蚀理解纹尖端应力应变场。分析了在ＳＣＣ下ＪＭ的计算方法；通过试验与计算测得了焊接接头各区的ｄａ／ｄｔ－ＪＭ曲线，并分析了各区的ＳＣＣ敏感性大小。     

断裂力学在转化管剩余寿命预测中的应用

在８３０～１０００°Ｃ温度和３．３～７．８ ＭＰａｍ初始应力强度因子下研究了运 行８１ ０００ ｈ的ＨＫ ４０转化管的蠕变裂纹扩展行为，由裂纹扩展速率与温度的Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ 关系和裂纹扩展速率与断裂时间的反比关系导出Ｌａｒｓｏｎ－Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ参数（Ｐ），从而建立 了初始应力强度因子（Ｋｒｒ）和 Ｌａｒｓｏｎ－Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ参数关系外推寿命的方法．     

水合二氟化钴脱水反应动力学的研究

利用非等温热分析方法研究了水合二氟化钴脱水反应动力学。实验数据经Ｆｒｅｅｍａｎ－Ｃａｒｒｏｌｌ法及Ｃｏａｔｓ－０Ｒｅｄｆｅｒｎ法处理,获得脱水反应动力学方程为ｄａ／ｄｔ＝Ａ．ｅｘｐ（－Ｅ／ＲＴ）．（１－α）,反应级数ｎ＝１．０,活化能Ｅ＝１０６．４ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ,频率因子Ａ＝２．９９８＊１０＾１１Ｓ＾－１,ＥＴ ＨＡＤＮＩＳＩＦ ＣＦ ＲＣ ＹＩＤ ＳＭ ＧＪ ＦＪＴＦＢ     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with