一种FGH95镍基合金的晶格常数及蠕变行为

通过对FGH95合金进行组织形貌观察、晶格常数测定和蠕变性能测试,研究了该合金的组织结构及蠕变特征.结果表明:合金经热等静压后,组织致密,并有粗大γ’相沿原始颗粒边界不连续析出;经完全热处理后,粗大γ’相数量减少,细小γ’相在晶内弥散析出,且碳化物沿晶界和晶内不连续析出;同时,HIP合金经完全热处理后,经XRD谱线测定表明合金中γ’相晶格常数减小,γ相晶格常数增大,且在γ与γ’两相间存在较大的晶格错配度和晶格应变,使合金具有较高的蠕变抗力,故合金在1.034 GPa,650℃条件下具有较长的蠕变寿命;合金在蠕变期间的变形特征是可形成位错缠结、位错绕过或切入γ’相.     

热处理工艺对热挤压变形粉末高温合金FGH95组织与性能的影响

对比研究了FGH95合金在不同热加工工艺和热处理制度下合金的组织及γ′的分布,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)观察了不同热处理制度处理后合金的组织及时效后γ′的中心暗场相,测试了室温(20℃)和高温(650℃)材料的拉伸性能,并对高温瞬时断裂区断口进行了对比分析. 结果表明:相同热处理工艺,HIP温度越高,时效析出的γ′相尺寸越大;不同热处理制度均能够改变γ′的分布;盐浴冷却明显增大中等尺寸γ′相数量,显著提高合金高温塑性.     

热等静压FGH95合金组织结构的研究

国外应用Rene"95粉末高温合金已有10余年历史。本文研究在不同温度热等静压和热处理之后FGH95合金的显微组织结构。应用俄歇电子能谱和X-线电子能谱分析仪研究颗粒表面偏析和表面组织结构。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电源观察热等静压之后合金显微组织结大构的变化,特别用扫描透射电镜详细观察萃取复型组织和金属薄模样品。证明当粉末在高于1053℃热等静压时,MC碳化物沿原始颗粒边界离散地析出,并且碳化物颗粒的间距远大于碳化物尺寸。时效热处理后,沿原始颗粒边界的多数MC碳化物转变成沿原始颗粒边界半连续分布的薄膜状M_(23)C_6型碳化物。发现γ′相的溶解温度与热等静压压力有关。俄歇能谱和X-线电子能谱分析结果表明:在粉末颗粒表面存在氧、碳、铬、钛和硫等元素的偏析,以及颗粒表面部分被氧化。     

FGH95合金在热成形中与碳钢包套的相互作用

本文研究了FGH95粉末高温合金在热等静压成形时与碳钢包套之间的相互作用。 研究表明:FGH95粉末高温合金热成形用碳钢作包套时,由于二者之间发生各种元素的扩散,因此随热成形温度、时间的不同,在合金表面层会形成不等的合金元素贫化区和富铁区,以及形成无γ′相区域,得出了在不同温度下扩散层厚度与时间的关系。研究得出了扩散层至合金中心的显微硬度变化规律。此外,研究还得出了含碳不同的碳钢对FGH95合金的影响。     

两种氩气雾化粉末颗粒热处理后的组织变化

本文着重研究FGH95和Rene′95两种粉末经热处理后组织的变化。实验结果指出:树枝晶蛆织较胞状晶组织难于均匀化。在1140℃加热3h后粉末的铸态组织才能完全消除达到均匀化。FGH95粉末中γ′相溶解温度较Rene′95粉末中的低。     

Rene''''95和FGH95合金中的陶瓷夹杂

本文采用光学显微镜定量金相法和电子探针等研究方法对热等静压及热等静压+锻造的FGH95粉末高温合金中的陶瓷夹杂进行了定性和定量的分析,并对FGH95合金与Rene′95合金中的陶瓷夹杂作了对比。 研究得出:FGH95合金中的陶瓷夹杂主要是Al_2O_3以及Al_2O_3与SiO_2的复合氧化物;而Rene′95合金中,则是SiO_2与MgO的复合氧化物以及硅酸铝与MgO的复合氧化物。热等静压的FGH95合金中陶瓷夹杂远远多于Rene′95合金,约高2倍。此外,FGH95合金中的陶瓷夹杂颗粒比Rene95合金要粗大。 研究表明:采用热等静压+热锻工艺的FGH95合金,其陶瓷夹杂的平均尺寸比热等静压工艺的FGH95合金要小。合金粉末粒度对合金中的陶瓷夹杂有明显影响。     

镍基高温合金氩气雾化粉末颗粒中相的研究

松散粉末中的组织状态以及相组成,直接影响,等静压的成型工艺。热处理后的组织与性能。本文采用X射线物相鉴定和透射电子显微镜研究了氩气雾化的FGH95合金松散粉末颗粒内部的相组成,并与Rene'95粉末颗粒进行对比。结果指出MC型碳化物是雾化松散粉末中主要析出相。FGH95合金粉末中为(Nb、Ti)C、并含少量的Cr、Ni、Mo等元素,而Rene′95粉中主要为NbC。MC碳化物的形态与其成分、凝固条件密切相关。在FGH95热中发现少量Laves相,一次γ′相和硼化物相,而且Laves相和硼化物相往往与MC碳化物以共生形态出现。     

镍基粉末高温合金FGH95的组织和性能

论文讨论了FGH95氩气雾化粉末颗粒的凝固组织，合金相组成，表面化学成分；粉末经过热等静压后的显微组织与相组成，原颗粒边界碳化物的本质和形成机制，热等静压坯再经热挤压后合金组织的改善，以及用改进的最终热处理使合金获得良好的显微组织，以提高合金的高温的拉伸，持久断裂，低周疲劳性能。     

FGH95合金热等静压及热等静压加热处理状态的显微组织

用光学显微镜,透射电子显微镜及X射线衍射技术研究了粉末高温合金FGH95在热等静压及热等静压加热处理状态的显微组织。结果指出:在上述两种状态下试样中存在着γ′、MC、M_(23)C_(?)相,在原粉末颗粒边界发现有富A1和Zr的氧化物。     

DD402/FGH95扩散偶中单晶合金γ′相筏形化与其形成元素的扩散

通过研究不同温度时热等静压(HIP)多元扩散偶DD402/FGH95中的Al,Ta和Ti元素的扩散规律，发现DD402单晶中存在Al和Ta元素的上坡扩散．因此单晶中在近结合界面处形成了Al ,Ta和Ti元素的富集区以及γ′相的筏形化．对Al和Ta元素的扩散流量及扩散深度进行计算．计算结果与试验结果相吻合．     

固溶时效处理对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、室温和高温压缩试验等方法研究了固溶时效对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.Ni50Ti44Al6合金的铸态微观组织是由NiTi基体和沿晶界分布的网状组织构成.随着固溶温度升高,合金中的网状组织部分消失,第二相在基体中趋向于均匀的弥散分布;随时效时间延长,合金的强度先升高后降低.固溶时效处理能有效改善Ni50Ti44Al6合金的力学性能.最佳的处理制度为:合金在1150℃固溶6 h,水淬,再在700℃时效6 h.     

涂层烧结及热处理工艺对GH2O2合金组织性能的影响

研究了涂层烧结及热处理工艺对GH202合金基材组织性能的影响．运用电子拉伸机、扫描电镜及光学显微镜,测定了拉伸试样的力学性能,并分析了试样的显微组织和拉伸断口．试验结果表明,GH202合金在1150℃固溶处理5h后,合金表面进行高温涂层与烧结,在850℃时效6h出炉空冷,合金基体晶粒细小,均匀;强化相γ弥散分布;合金强度提高,塑性改善,拉伸断口为韧性断裂．     

Effect of microstructures restoration on high temperature fatigue behavior of DZ125 superalloy

Combination of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and rejuvenation heat treatment (RHT) technology was used to restore creep-damaged DZ125 directional solidified superalloy, and the influence of microstructure restoration on high temperature fatigue behavior of the samples was explored. The results show that the HIP+RHT process could effectively heal internal cavities and recover the degraded γ′ phase in creep-damaged DZ125 superalloy to cubic particles similar as in as-received sample. After restoration treatment, the stress concentration areas inside the sample eradicated with the healing of the internal cavities, and the fatigue source areas were limited only to near surface than initiating from inside as in the as-received and creep-damaged samples. As a result, the restored sample had higher crack initiation life and lower crack propagation rate compared to as-received and creep damaged samples. The TEM microstructure characterization near fatigue fracture showed that the restoration of the degraded γ′ phase eliminated tangled dislocation in creep damaged sample and produced evenly distributed dislocations in the γ channel with short curved line-like morphology, like the as-received sample, which effectively hindered the dislocations movement during subsequent deformation, and strengthen the fatigue resistant of alloy. Therefore, it can be concluded that the HIP-RHT process, through the combined effect of internal cavities healing and the restoration of the degraded microstructures, renders higher high temperature fatigue life than creep-damaged and even higher than as-received DZ125 superalloy.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy subject to deep cryogenic treatments

AZ91 magnesium alloy was subjected to a deep cryogenic treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) methods were utilized to characterize the composition and microstructure of the treated samples. The results show that after two cryogenic treatments, the quantity of the precipitate hardening β phase increases, and the sizes of the precipitates are refined from 8–10 μm to 2–4 μm. This is expected to be due to the decreased solubility of aluminum in the matrix at low temperature and the significant plastic deformation owing to internal differences in thermal contraction between phases and grains. The polycrystalline matrix is also noticeably refined, with the sizes of the subsequent nanocrystalline grains in the range of 50–100 nm. High density dislocations are observed to pile up at the grain boundaries, inducing the dynamic recrystallization of the microstructure, leading to the generation of a nanocrystalline grain structure. After two deep cryogenic treatments, the tensile strength and elongation are found to be substantially increased, rising from 243 MPa and 4.4% of as-cast state to 299 MPa and 5.1%.     

热等静压316L不锈钢致密体的组织与性能

采用热等静压方法对气雾化316L奥氏体不锈钢粉末致密化,用箱式电阻炉对致密体进行了固溶处理,研究了固溶前后致密体的显微组织和力学性能,并对其拉伸断口形貌进行了分析．结果表明：热等静压态致密体密度接近理论全致密,内部组织为细小的奥氏体,存在较多的碳化物,抗拉强度、屈服强度分别达到595．3MPa和263．3MPa,延伸率为58．3％,硬度为HBS152．3;固溶处理使致密体强度和硬度降低,塑性增加,且随着固溶温度的提高,强度迅速降低,塑性明显提高,最佳固溶温度为1050℃;在固溶温度为1050℃和水冷的情况下,最佳保温时间为20min;固溶处理前后拉伸试样断口呈现明显的韧性断裂,固溶韧性好于固溶前的,均高于热轧态产品的韧性．     

Microstructure heterogeneity and creep damage of DZ125 nickel-based superalloy

The creep behavior of the DZ125 superalloy at high temperatures has been investigated based on the creep properties measurement and microstructure observations. The experimental results show that, after full heat treatment, the fine and coarser cuboidal γ0precipitates distributed in the dendrite arm and inter-dendrite regions, respectively, the boundaries with various configurations located in the inter-dendrite regions. In the primary creep stage, the cuboidal γ0phase in the alloy transformed into the rafted structure along the direction vertical to the stress axis.The dislocations slipping and climbing over the rafted γ0phase are attributed the deformation mechanism of the alloy during steady-state creep.The(1/2)?1 1 0? dislocations slipping in the γ matrix and ?1 1 0? super-dislocations shearing into the γ0phase are the deformation mechanisms of the alloy in the latter stage of creep. And then the alternate slipping of dislocations results in the initiation and propagation of the micro-cracks along the boundaries until the occurrence of the creep fracture. Since the grain boundaries with various angles relative to the stress axis distribute in the different regions, the initiation and propagation of micro-cracks along the boundaries display the various features.& 2014 Chinese Materials Research Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Mo addition on microstructure of a 4th generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy

The effects of Mo addition on the microstructure of a 4th generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy were investigated. Mo addition significantly promoted elements Mo, W and Re partition into γ phase and enhanced absolute lattice misfit at 1100 ?°C. The increase of Mo concentration from 2 ?wt% to 4 ?wt% also decreased the content of eutectic islands and the segregation ratios of other alloying elements in the as-cast state, especially Re and W. After heat treatments, the size of γ′ phase and width of γ channels decreased slightly with higher Mo content. More Mo additions slightly enhanced the segregation behavior of Re while reducing the segregation behavior of Mo. However, it revealed that the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings were barely affected by Mo addition.     

热处理对含Y元素AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

对含Y元素AZ31镁合金板材进行退火处理后的组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,镁合金晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,力学性能略有提高然后降低;退火时间对镁合金晶粒尺寸影响不大;在300℃下退火1 h后板材性能达到最佳,抗拉强度为255 MPa,屈服强度为170 MPa,延伸率为24%;经过热处理后镁合金断裂方式为准解理断裂和韧性断裂的复合形式.     

热处理对增材制造AlSi10Mg合金组织性能及残余应力的影响

 增材制造AlSi10Mg合金通常存在较大的残余应力,对材料的服役使用产生不利影响,故需要采用热处理对残余应力予以控制甚至消除。利用X射线衍射、光学显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、背散射电子衍射、维氏硬度和拉曼光谱试验,研究了成形态和退火态合金的显微组织、性能及残余应力。结果表明,成形态合金由过饱和Al固溶体和Si相组成,其中, Si相以网状共晶硅和弥散分布的纳米硅颗粒2种形态存在。同时,成形态合金的晶粒细小,其晶粒尺寸分布的d₅₀值约为10.4 μm。250~300℃退火使合金元素从过饱和Al固溶体中析出,形成平衡相Mg₂Si和Si相;且随着退火温度升高,合金元素析出越彻底。此外,退火还引起网状共晶硅和纳米硅颗粒粗化,促使晶粒长大并诱发再结晶。由于退火后合金中的细晶强化、固溶强化和弥散强化效果减弱,故合金的维氏硬度下降。然而,退火可以显著降低合金的残余应力,下降幅度达到60%~80%。因此,为更好地实现组织和性能调控,有必要针对增材制造铝合金的特点开发新的热处理制度。     

大晶粒TiAl基合金的超塑性变形行为

研究了大晶粒Ti-47％Al-2％Mn-2％Nb-1％B合金的高温变形行为.该合金具有近等轴γ组织,其间均匀分布着少量极细的α2相.测试在空气中进行,试样用釉涂覆加以保护,温度为1025～1100℃,初始应变速率范围为(0.04～1.28)×10