糠酸莫美他松中间体21-羟的合成与结构表征

迄今为止,所报道的糠酸莫美他松的合成方法以起始原料分为两种.方法一:Shapiro[1],Draper[2],和Kwok[3-4]均采用9,β11β-环氧-17,α21-二羟基-16α-甲基-1,4-孕甾二烯-3,20-二酮(简称21-羟)为起始原料,经多步反应进行合成,且收率高达95%.方法二:Shapiro[3]以16α-甲基-1,4,9(1     

HPLC对孕甾21-碘化物分解率的测定

糠酸莫美他松是一强效的外用皮质激素制剂,具有优良的抗炎活性.其中间体9,β11β-环氧-17α-羟基-16α-甲基-21-碘代-1,4-孕甾二烯-3,20-二酮(简称21-碘化物)的分解对下一步置换反应的收率影响很大.本文首次对其分解率通过HPLC进行了测定,并给出了21-碘化物的较佳储藏方式.     

24-亚甲基胆甾-4-烯-3β,6β-二醇的合成

从豆甾醇出发,先合成了胆甾-5-烯-24-酮-3β-乙酸酯(2);再用过甲酸将2的5,6位双键氧化为环氧化物,后者在碱性条件下立体专一地开环得胆甾-3β,5α,6β-三羟基-24-酮(3),用醋酐将化合物3的C3-βOH和C6-βOH乙酰化保护后用亚硫酰氯脱水得胆甾-4-烯-24-酮基-3β,6β-二乙酸酯(4),4在碱性条件下脱去乙酰基得胆甾-4-烯-3β,6β-二羟基-24-酮(5);化合物5通过Wittig反应将C-24羰基亚甲基化得到目标化合物24-亚甲基胆甾-4-烯-3β,6β-二醇1,总产率为26%.合成化合物1的光谱数据与分离得到的天然物完全一致.     

鹿心雪茶化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱色谱及HPLC等分离方法对鹿心雪茶正己烷提取物进行分离纯化,得到7个化合物,依据波谱数据分析鉴定它们的结构分别为:3,6-二甲基-2,4-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯(1)、2,4-二羟基-3-醛基-6-甲基苯甲酸甲酯(2)、羊角衣酸(3)、3β-羟基-5α,8α-过氧桥麦角甾-6,22(E)-二烯(4)、3β-羟基-5α,8α-过氧桥麦角甾-6,9,22(E)-三烯(5)、3β-羟基-5α-豆甾烷-4-烯-3-酮(6)、8α,11-elemodiol(7)。其中化合物6和7为首次从该植物中分离的到。     

青天葵石油醚部位的化学成分

本实验采用多种色谱手段及重结晶方法对青天葵石油醚部位的化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据波谱分析和理化常数等方法对化合物进行结构鉴定.共得到了10个化合物,分别为:β-谷甾醇(1)、豆甾醇(2)、6,9,10-三羟基-7E-烯十八烷酸(3)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(4)、豆甾-22-烯-3β,6β,9β-三醇(5)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇(6)、3β-羟基豆甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮(7)、3β-羟基豆甾-5-烯-7-酮(8)、橙黄胡椒酰胺乙酸酯(9)、橙黄胡椒酰胺苯甲酸酯(10).其中化合物3、5～8、10为首次从青天葵植物中分离得到.     

高效液相色谱法对DDPD分解率的测定

醋酸泼尼松龙为肾上腺皮质激素类药物,具有抗炎、抗过敏和抑制免疫等多种药理作用.其中间体17α-羟基-21-碘代-1,4,9-孕甾三烯-3,20-二酮(简称DDPD)极易分解,使其对后续反应的产率影响很大.本文采用高效液相法对此碘代物的分解率进行测定,并给出其较佳的贮存方式.     

黄盾盘菌的化学成分

从子囊菌亚门黄盾盘菌(Scutellinia ascoboloides)发酵液中首次分离得到8个化合物,其结构通过光谱学技术确定为:α-甜没药醇(1),pelandjauic acid(2),geranicardic acid(3),(4E,8E)-N-2'-羟基棕榈酰-9-甲基-4,8-sphin-gadienine(4),麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3-酮(5),麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(6),麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(7),麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(8).     

开口箭根茎中甾体类化合物的研究

目的：研究开口箭根茎中甾体成分,寻找新的抗肿瘤活性物质.方法：运用反相常压柱色谱和制备高效液相对其甾体成分进行分离,通过理化性质和波谱分析方法鉴定其结构.结果：从开口箭根茎的乙醇提取物中分离得到6个甾体皂苷及2个甾体皂苷元,其结构分别为1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-五羟基-螺甾-△25（27）-烯-5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（1）,1β,3β-二羟基-5β-孕甾-△16（17）-烯-20-酮-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（2）,1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,6β,7α-七羟基-5β-呋甾-△25（27）-烯（3）,1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,7α-六羟基-6-氧化-螺甾-△25（27）-烯（4）,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（25S）-1β,3β,5β,26-四羟基-5β-呋甾-△20（22）-烯-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（5）,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（25S）-1β,3β,5β,22α,26-五羟基-5β-呋甾-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（6）,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（25S）-1β,3β,26-三羟基-5β-呋甾-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（7）和3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（25R）-1β,3α,26-三羟基-△5（6）-烯-5β-呋甾-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（8）.结论：化合物1和2为首次从该属植物中获得.     

小棒短指软珊瑚Sinularia microclavata中的生物活性氧化甾醇

从南中国海采集的小棒短指软珊瑚Sinularia microclavata Tix-Dur中首次分离得2个氧化甾醇. 通过各种近代波谱分析方法,鉴定出它们分别为孕甾-5-烯-3-醇-20-酮(pregnenolone)(1)和9,11-开环-24-亚甲基-5α-胆甾-7-烯-3β,6α,11-三羟基-9酮(2).1和2均有较强的细胞毒活性.     

链霉菌H41-55发酵菌丝体的化学成分

目的:分离鉴定链霉菌属放线菌H41-55发酵菌丝体中化合物结构.方法:运用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶色谱、高效液相色谱等手段对链霉菌属放线菌H41-55发酵菌丝体进行化学成分分离,利用高分辨质谱、核磁等技术鉴定化合物结构.结果:从链霉菌属放线菌H41-55发酵菌丝体分离最终得到15个化合物,确定它们的结构分别是吲哚-3-甲醛(1)、5-羟基-3-(1-羟基-2-甲基丁基)-1-甲基-2 (5H)-呋喃(2)、环-(L-脯氨酰-L-亮氨酰)(3)、6-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)-3-吲哚乙腈(4)、抗霉素A9 (5)、kitamycin A (6)、泛醌Q9 (7)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(8)、麦角甾-8 (14),22E-二烯-3β,5α,6β,7α-四醇(9)、豆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇(10)、5α,6α-环氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-8,22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(11)、5a,6a-环氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-8,22-二烯-3β,7β-二醇(12)、3β,5α,9α-三羟基-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮(13)、4,6,8 (14),22-麦角甾四烯-3-酮(14)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-4,7,22-三烯-3-酮(15).其中化合物8、10、14和15为首次从海洋来源链霉菌属中分离得到.结论:采用MTT法筛选15个化合物的体外抗肿瘤细胞毒活性,发现均具有一定的活性.其中,化合物2、5、6、7和14表现出较好的生长抑制活性,其IC50质量浓度均小于30μg/m L.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.