降低脉冲法停留时间分布实验误差的途径

本文分析了用脉冲法注入示踪剂时示踪剂的分布、时间与应答信号的测量,以及模型参数的回归等方面的种种误差。推荐在被测系统进口的上游适当距离处输入脉冲信号,在系统的进口和出口两个测点上用微机采集应答信号,然后用非线性回归确定模型参数。     

X-Y工作台摩擦误差补偿方法的研究

为了降低摩擦造成的数控机床轮廓的误差,以X-Y平台为研究对象,采用数学推导、仿真和实验等方法,对摩擦误差的产生机理和补偿方法进行了研究.从瞬态响应的视角揭示了摩擦误差的产生机理,提出的数学方法能精确计算出摩擦误差出现的时机、持续时间,以及由摩擦产生的最大跟随误差.同时,提出了一种基于双脉冲补偿方波的误差补偿方法,可利用数学推导来确定补偿脉冲的参数(脉冲高度、宽度、起始位置),通过在位置指令中加入补偿脉冲可使工作台尽快脱离工作死区,快速逼近理想轨迹.数值仿真和实验结果表明,该方法将摩擦产生的突起误差高度由15μm降低为2μm,达到了较理想的误差补偿效果.     

多孔介质中示踪剂渗流的油藏特征色谱效应

国内外矿场实践证明,目前油田井间示踪监测解释中存在解释模型部分明显偏离了合理的范畴,存在考虑因素过于单一、片面的问题,不能很好适应多孔介质复杂渗流的定量化描述,为此设计完成了示踪剂微观可视化实验和天然长岩心驱替实验,定性、定量的分析多孔介质示踪剂渗流特征,并提出了示踪剂渗流具有的油藏特征色谱效应。示踪剂微观可视化实验显示:油藏特征色谱效应的基础是存在的,即小分子示踪剂可以进入束缚水、不连通孔隙及低渗团块。天然长岩心驱替实验显示:小尺寸非均质强的天然长岩心,水的突进和绕流明显,油藏特征色谱效应明显,水的运移速度和示踪剂孔隙运移速度差距大。对井间示踪剂监测的量化解释和定性认识具有极其重要的指导意义。     

机床定位误差的微机补偿方法

本文介绍了机床和仪器定位误差的各种微机补偿方法－ 采用列表法和水平分割, 在由单片机控制的误差补偿系统中, 对感应同步器数显装置的定尺零位误差进行了补偿, 使其误差基本控制在正、负一个脉冲当量内－ 理论分析和实验结果表明： 微机误差补偿技术可以大幅度提高机床和仪器的定位精度     

相位共轭技术在补偿光纤色散中的应用

报导了利用相位共轭技术补偿光纤中由于色散引起的脉冲展宽的理论与实验研究,实验结果和理论基本相符。详细讨论了实验产生误差的原因。     

级联自适应陷波器设计及不同步脉冲计数补偿

为减小计数误差及实现多路不同步异频脉冲信号的高精度测量,设计了一款可实时估计周期脉冲信号相位的级联自适应陷波器(CANF).首先在前端固定一自适应因子为0的Liu型自适应陷波器(LANF),然后将LANF的输出作为Mojiri型自适应陷波器(MANF)的输入,再利用MANF的估计频率实时调整LANF,最后在流量计标准装置中实现CANF的相位实时估计,并对两路不同步脉冲信号进行精度补偿.仿真实验结果表明CANF的计数误差小于±0.047个脉冲,工程应用实验结果表明CANF的计数误差小于±0.045个脉冲,说明了文中通过实时计算信号相位进行计数补偿的方法能有效提高脉冲计数检定精度和多路并行检定的实用性.     

高精度脉冲式激光测速中的单周期抖动误差的研究

研究了脉冲式激光测速中单周期抖动误差的成因,并推导了其理论最大值的计算公式.分析比较了两种减小单周期抖动误差的方法,模拟插入法和数字插入法.在实际的脉冲式激光雷达系统中,获得不同时间分辨率下的测速误差.通过对实验数据的分析,得出在小于0.3 m/s测速标准偏差的要求下,需要达到的时间分辨率.最后给出结论.     

缓释型长效固体示踪剂研究

针对水平井出水后,出水位置难以确定,无法针对性开展有效堵控水措施的问题,利用不同种类氟苯甲酸示踪剂、环氧树脂506、顺丁烯二酸酐混合成型,研制出系列缓释型长效固体示踪剂。将不同种类固体示踪剂安装在水平井不同段的完井管柱上,开井生产后通过测试不同示踪剂产出情况来识别出水位置。介绍了固体示踪剂的制备机理,同时评价了其在不同温度、不同盐度、不同p H值、不同冲刷速度下的缓释性能,最后根据实验结果探讨了示踪剂的缓释机理。室内实验结果表明,固体示踪剂释放速率随温度升高而加快,随盐度增加而变慢;p H值和动态冲刷对示踪剂缓释速率影响不大。目前固体示踪剂至少可缓释半年以上,能够满足对水平井出水位置的长期监测。     

基于自触发方法的脉冲激光雷达接收电路功率敏感特性研究

对自触发脉冲激光雷达接收电路中光电二极管在不同光照功率下的敏感特性进行了研究,通过对接收电路中光电二极管PN结空间电荷区宽度在不同光照功率下的变化进行了理论分析,得出了在接收电路中不同光照功率对于自触发脉冲激光测量周期和激光脉冲信号宽度的影响。针对这一现象通过基本方程进行了描述,并通过所设计的交错控制自触发脉冲激光雷达实验装置验证了理论分析的正确性。该实验方法可以证明出激光雷达接收电路在不同光照功率下,自触发脉冲激光测量周期和激光脉冲信号宽度会产生延时误差。     

非分配示踪剂和分配示踪剂浓度检测方法

准确测量示踪剂浓度是决定示踪剂技术成败的关键因素。本文分别采用分光光度法和气相色谱法测得了非分配示踪剂硫氰酸钾和分配示踪剂正丁醇的浓度标准曲线,并得到了回归公式。室内岩心流动实验表明,该浓度测试方法是可靠的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.