微型泵半开式离心叶轮的空化性能

为了解空化性能对微型泵运行可靠性的影响,对两个半开式离心叶轮进行了空化实验。两试验叶轮在断面上具有相同的叶片型线,其中一个为二维叶片,另一个为倾斜叶片。为了与实验对比,在每个叶轮最佳效率点附近,基于标准k-ε模型和VOF空化模型进行微型泵内三维紊流计算。研究揭示了所试验的微型泵具有与常规尺寸离心泵相当的空化性能;随着叶尖轴向间隙增大,微型泵的空化性能下降;对半开式叶轮,采用倾斜叶片,既可提高微型泵的水力性能,还能提高其空化性能。研究显示叶轮进口流动均匀是空化性能得到改善的重要原因。     

超小型泵中前盖板对传统叶轮水力性能的影响

为提高超小型泵性能和实用性,研究了其中前盖板对叶轮水力性能的影响。基于传统方法设计了两种超小型泵叶轮,其中一个为闭式,另一个为半开式。在转速3 000~10 000 r.m i-n 1的范围内进行实验,测定了超小型泵的水力性能。对半开式叶轮,在0.2~0.8 mm间调整叶尖和前泵盖之间的轴向间隙,以考察其对泵水力性能的影响。试验结果表明:两种超小型泵的效率(闭式叶轮:51%,半开式叶轮:47%)均高于以往统计的泵效率值;由于机械密封等外部损失所占比重大,泵效率随雷诺数减小而降低,而内部效率则接近一个定值;随轴向间隙扩大,超小型泵的扬程系数、功率系数和效率都逐渐降低。     

基于泵内纸浆悬浮液数值计算的纸浆泵设计

在由吸水室、前盖板、半开叶轮和涡壳组成的过流部件内，对纸浆悬浮液的流动进行了三维不可压两相湍流流动计算．计算采用双流体模型及κ-ε湍流模型，Phase Coupled SIMPLE算法进行压力速度耦合计算．根据计算结果，对两相流动的速度、压力及体积分数进行了对比和分析研究．发现在叶轮叶片数较少的情况下，叶轮流道内速度变化不均匀．并着重对前盖板与叶轮间隙内的流动进行了分析，揭示了半开式叶轮输送两相流介质的优点所在．该计算结果为建立少叶片半开式叶轮纸浆泵的设计方法提供了理论依据．根据新的设计方法设计出的纸浆泵，效率经检测高出国家标准17．5％．     

核主泵叶轮能量转换与叶片载荷的关联性分析

为了研究核主泵叶轮能量转换规律与叶片载荷分布规律之间的关联性,基于RNG k-ε湍流模型,对不同流量工况下核主泵模型泵进行全三维定常数值计算.结果表明:从叶片吸力面到压力面,叶片做功能力逐渐增强;为了使叶轮获得较好的水力性能,叶片载荷的变化趋势应保持平缓,且其载荷峰值应在靠近叶轮出口处;根据不同流量工况下的叶轮性能曲线,叶片载荷有最优变化梯度;叶轮叶片中间流线上的动压载荷随着流量的增大逐渐减小,且动压载荷变化幅度较静压载荷更为明显,叶片动压载荷占总载荷的比重越低叶轮效率越高.     

基于仿生翼型喷水推进泵内流场特性研究

基于仿生学原理开展喷水推进泵内部流场特性研究.采用数值模拟与模型泵试验相结合的方法对仿生翼型设计的喷水推进泵叶轮与NACA4410和791翼型得到的叶轮进行比较分析.研究结果表明,相同条件下,仿生翼型泵扬程最高,附着在叶片附近的低压区最大,上压力面与下吸力面压差最大,效率最高;仿生翼型泵湍流动能发展相对稳定,速度矢量分布最为均匀,能量损失最小,仿生翼型泵具有最优的水力性能.仿真翼型叶轮的研究方法在喷水推进泵模型优化上具有一定的可行性,对后续的研究具有重要的指导意义.     

轴流式喷水推进泵的三元设计

运用泵的三元设计理论和计算流体力学(CFD)数值计算方法对大功率、高效率轴流式喷水推进泵进行水力设计和性能预报,并对喷口轴向长度、叶轮叶片随边与导叶叶片导边的轴向距离以及叶顶间隙对喷泵水力性能的影响进行进一步计算与分析。从理论上说明叶轮叶片和导叶叶片之间存在最佳匹配距离,该最佳间距为标称直径的3%~4%。运用黏性雷诺时均方法(RANS)对所设计轴流式喷泵水力性能进行数值预报。研究结果表明:泵在设计流量点效率达到92.3%,同时也满足抗空化性能要求,且在较宽的流量范围内具有良好的水力性能。     

对旋式轴流泵全流道三维定常紊流场的数值模拟

为研究对旋式轴流泵的内部流场特性及前后叶轮之间的流场干涉情况,应用标准k-ε紊流模型和SIMPLEC算法进行了定常三维紊流流场的数值模拟,得到了叶片吸力面与压力面、过渡干涉面、全流道下4个轴向位置的径向剖分面和3个径向位置轴向剖分的周向截面的压力分布及等值线图。应用数值模拟的结果能够获得前置叶轮、后置叶轮及整个泵各自的外特性,还可以帮助直观地认识对旋式轴流泵内部流动的耦合与干涉机理,指导水力模型设计。     

叶轮进口几何参数对离心泵空化性能的影响

对一个低比转速(ns=86m·m3·s-1·min-1)离心式锅炉给水泵进行了空化性能实验.为了与实验对比,在泵最佳效率点附近,基于标准k-ε模型和VOF空化模型进行了泵内全流道的三维空化湍流计算.结果表明数值模拟能较好地预测泵的平均空化性能.为改善锅炉给水泵内的空化性能,在实验泵已有叶轮的基础上,采用延长叶轮进口及加大叶片安放角的措施设计了5种新叶轮,并以这些新叶轮替代原叶轮进行了泵内全流道的空化流计算.结果表明,适当延伸叶轮叶片的进口位置及加大叶片进口角均可较明显地改善离心泵的空化性能.进一步的流场分析显示,保证叶轮进口的流动均匀性是离心泵空化性能得到改善的重要原因.     

提高小流量工况下轴流泵的效率

将开缝技术应用于轴流泵的叶轮上, 并选择合适的开缝翼型作为叶轮开缝的依据, 设计了一种新型轴流泵叶轮. 基于商用CFD 软件ANSYS CFX, 对常规轴流泵和开缝叶片轴流泵进行了数值模拟计算, 并分析了常规轴流泵和开缝叶片轴流泵在不同工况下的水力性能及其流场特点. 数值计算结果表明, 开缝技术提高了轴流泵在小流量工况下的水力性能, 并降低了进口压力脉动. 进行了两种轴流泵的水力性能对比实验, 结果表明, 开缝叶片轴流泵在小流量工况下的性能优于常规轴流泵, 证明了开缝技术能有效地提高轴流泵在小流量工况下的水力性能.     

电动潜油离心泵能量平衡试验及叶轮的改型设计

用自建的电泵泵级试验台对广泛使用的Ｄ８２型电泵泵级进行了能量平衡试验。根据试验结果提出了减小水力损失、增大单级扬程、提高电泵泵级效率的途径。根据三元叶轮的结构形状设计理论对Ｄ８２型电泵叶轮进行了改型设计，改型设计后的叶轮，其水力性能的各个参数都有所改善，叶片角减小而叶片包角增大，延长了叶片间的流道，能提高单级扬程。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with