具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

布料方式对竖冷炉内烧结矿偏析及气流分布的影响

为优化梅钢竖冷炉的布料方式，采用离散单元法和多孔介质模型研究中间布料和边缘-中心布料对炉内烧结矿的偏析、空隙率分布、气流分布以及气体压力的影响.结果表明，对比中间布料，采用边缘-中心布料时，大颗粒偏析区域由中心区和上部边壁区变为中间区，且烧结矿偏析得到改善.床层空隙率虽有下降，但沿宽度方向分布更均匀.中间布料条件下，气体流速主要呈沿边壁区向中心区逐渐增大的分布，且气体压力较小.边缘-中心布料时，气体流速呈中间区较大、中心区和边壁区较小的“Λ”型分布，但上述区域间的流速差值减小.气体压力增幅较大，但能够沿高度方向同步下降.综合上述因素，推荐使用边缘-中心布料.     

遥测中频带宽选取方法

针对现代空空导弹,随着遥测参数需求的增加,遥测信号的码速率在不断提高。只有合理选取遥测系统的中频带宽,才能保证遥测系统的通信质量。本文对标准PCM-FM遥测信号的频谱特性进行了分析和仿真,给出了理论上最小中频带宽和工程应用中的选取方法。     

形状记忆合金弹簧变形速度的研究

形状记忆合金 (SMA)弹簧具有形状记忆功能 ,电热驱动时的相变过程中有回复力输出。这种弹簧的回复变形速度先随回复位移的增加而逐渐增加 ,当回复位移接近中间位置时速度达到最大值 ,并在一段位移内保持最大速度不变。此后 ,随回复位移的增加而减小 ,达到记忆长度时速度为零。通过控制电流可控制SMA弹簧的回复变形速度 ,但不能选择过高或过低的电流 ,否则会破坏其记忆功能。在使用SMA弹簧时应选择合适的载荷和拉伸变形长度 ,过大的载荷不仅使其回复变形速度变得很慢 ,而且还会使弹簧产生不完全回复变形 ,从而降低SMA弹簧的循环工作寿命。过大的拉伸变形长度 ,同样也会降低其循环工作寿命。     

位错和溶质原子交互作用的蒙特卡罗模拟

文章运用动态蒙特卡罗方法,模拟了二维条件下单个刃型位错和置换溶质原子间的相互作用.在假设位错始终静止的情况下,模拟得到位错中心形成密集的溶质气团,远离中心处形成弥散的溶质云层;动态结果反映,在低外加应力下位错受到溶质原子的有效钉扎,运动速度很小;高外加应力下位错运动几乎不受溶质原子的影响,速度较大;而在中间应力范围内,位错的运动状态具有歧义性,速度处于高低跳跃的状态.     

闭链机构机器人的运动分析和动力分析

本文作了单闭链结构机器人的运动分析和动力分析。作运动分析时,将单闭链分为左右两路,建立某一中间杆的位姿。速度和加速度恒等式,求出了从动关节的位移、速度和加速度关系式。在此基础上,导出了各杆速度和加速度计算公式。然后,应用Kane方程导出了单闭链结构机器人的动力学逆问题计算模型。     

Comparative power curves in bird flight

The relationship between mechanical power output and forward velocity in bird flight is controversial, bearing on the comparative physiology and ecology of locomotion. Applied to flying birds, aerodynamic theory predicts that mechanical power should vary as a function of forward velocity in a U-shaped curve. The only empirical test of this theory, using the black-billed magpie (Pica pica), suggests that the mechanical power curve is relatively flat over intermediate velocities. Here, by integrating in vivo measurements of pectoralis force and length change with quasi-steady aerodynamic models developed using data on wing and body movement, we present mechanical power curves for cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) and ringed turtle-doves (Streptopelia risoria). In contrast to the curve reported for magpies, the power curve for cockatiels is acutely concave, whereas that for doves is intermediate in shape and shows higher mass-specific power output at most speeds. We also find that wing-beat frequency and mechanical power output do not necessarily share minima in flying birds. Thus, aspects of morphology, wing kinematics and overall style of flight can greatly affect the magnitude and shape of a species' power curve.     

卷取后冷却速度对高强度热轧带钢组织的影响

采用拉伸实验、电镜观察、能谱分析和硬度测试等方法,研究了700MPa级高强度钢热轧钢卷组织性能分布不均的特点,对造成其组织性能不均的原因进行了分析. 结果表明,钢卷纵向力学性能分布不均,分布规律为成卷后钢卷的中部>内部>外部,内部和外部相差不大. 沿钢卷纵向,中部试样和外部试样的金相组织、碳氮化物析出状态均存在着明显差异,这是造成钢卷力学性能不均的主要原因. 卷取后的冷却速度对金相组织、碳氮化物析出状态有着重要影响.     

基于虚拟仪器的超声Doppler管道低流速测量

传统的超声Doppler流量计在管道流量测量中会遇到无法判断流速方向和低流速测量困难等问题。该文基于虚拟仪器平台,将Doppler信号解调到15kHz的中心频率,并运用Zoom-FFT算法对其进行高精度选带频谱分析,然后进行加权平均频率估计,得到被测流体的平均流速及方向,实现了一个新的超声Doppler流量测量系统。超声波探头外夹安装在充满流体介质的不锈钢管道上进行流量测量,实验结果表明该系统不仅可以正确分辨流速方向,还能测量低达0.02m/s的流速,在判断流速方向和低流速测量上比传统超声Doppler流量计更为有效。     

光电子成像方法研究N2多光子电离过程

利用速度映像成像技术实验探测了N2在70 fs,410 nm,场强(1-3)×1014W/cm2范围内的光电子成像,获得了光电子的动能分布和角分布.研究表明分子强场电离有一些和原子相似的性质.电子产生于两步过程,中间态有真实布居.在低场强非共振布居转移起主要作用,在较高场强共振布居转移起主要作用.光电子角分布体现中间态的角量子数特征.     

Upper mantle SH velocity structure beneath Qiangtang Terrane by modeling triplicated phases

We constrain SH wave velocity structure for the upper mantle beneath western Qiangtang Terrane by comparing regional distance seismic triplicated waveforms with synthetic seismograms, based on an intermediate event （-220 km） recorded by the INDEPTH-Ⅲ seismic array. The ATIP model reveals a low-velocity anomaly with up to -4% variation at the depth of 190-270 km and a relatively small velocity gradient above the depth of 410 km in the upper mantle, which is in agreement with previous results. In combination with other geological studies, we suggest that the depth of top asthenosphere is 190 km and no large-scale lithosphere thinning occurs in western Qiangtang Terrane, besides, Qiangtang Terrane has the same kind of upper mantle structure as the stable Eurasia.