改进复分解法与一步法制备硬脂酸稀土PVC热稳定剂

介绍两种制备硬脂酸稀土的新方法———改进复分解法和一步法.探讨了反应温度、催化剂、反应时间、乙醇用量等因素对制备反应的影响.结果表明,改进法以20mL乙醇为溶剂,反应温度80℃,无催化剂下反应30min,产品得率为83%;一步法以5mL乙醇为消泡剂,反应温度140℃,催化剂用量2.5mL,反应60min,产品得率为76%.利用FT-IR和XRD技术对产品进行结构表征,并对产品质量和PVC的热稳定效果进行比较.     

氯酸钠制备二氧化氯的研究

考察了由氯酸钠和硫酸在双氧水作用下制备二氧化氯的反应温度、硫酸用量、30%双氧水用量、反应釜液量、压力这5个不同因素对产品转化率的影响,得出了较佳反应条件:反应温度80℃,0.05 mol氯酸钠下硫酸用量0.25 mol、双氧水量0.04 mol,反应液量60 mL,加压。在此条件下氯酸钠转化率能达到98%以上,产品纯度也能达到96%以上。     

生物醋酸乙烯制备高聚合度聚乙烯醇

为了制备聚合度大于3000的高聚合度聚乙烯醇,以生物醋酸乙烯为原料、偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂、甲醇为溶剂进行溶液聚合反应研究,考察了温度、搅拌转速、引发剂用量、甲醇用量和聚合时间对生物醋酸乙烯聚合反应的影响,采用正交试验法对生物醋酸乙烯溶液聚合的反应条件进行了筛选,并通过凝胶色谱对最优条件下制得的聚醋酸乙烯进行了分子量的测定。结果表明,最优的聚合反应条件为：聚合温度65℃,搅拌转速200 r/min,聚合时间2 h,甲醇用量10％,引发剂用量0.005％,所得的产品聚合度为3640;极差分析确定了影响聚醋酸乙烯聚合度的主次顺序为：甲醇用量、引发剂用量和聚合时间;由凝胶色谱分析可知,在最优条件下可以制备得到的聚醋酸乙烯分子量分布为1.2。说明以生物醋酸乙烯为原料进行溶液聚合可以得到高聚合度、分子量分布较窄的产品。     

3-乙酰基-6-甲基-二氢吡喃-2、4(3H)-二酮的合成及其防腐效果研究

本文研究考察了标题化合物合成中催化剂、反应温度、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响,确定了催化剂的合理用量,最佳反应温度及时间,简化了后处理操作,产品效率达到或接近文献位.经微量熔点测定,元素分析、红外、质谱等作了验证,并对多种果蔬进行了防腐保鲜试验及果计的防腐效果考察,效果明显.     

磷酸二氢钠催化合成阿司匹林

采用磷酸二氢钠为催化荆合成阿司匹林，探讨了催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对产品收率的影响。结果表明，当水杨酸用量为1．0g，醋酸酐用量为6mL，磷酸二氢钠用量为反应物总量的10．5％，反应时间为30min，反应温度为75℃。纯化后阿司匹林收率迭76％，产品纯度好，具有一定的应用价值。     

圣麻纤维针织产品的染整工艺分析

对圣麻纤维针织产品进行漂白和染色实验.通过分析双氧水用量、漂白时间、温度、碳酸钠用量对织物白度、强力的影响,得出了最佳的漂白工艺配方;通过对影响K/S值的染色温度、固色温度、碳酸钠用量、纯碱浓度、染色时问、固色时间等工艺参数进行逐一分析,得出了最佳的染色工艺配方.     

半干法羧甲基瓜尔胶的快速制备及其絮凝性能

对瓜尔胶进行羧甲基化改性,得到一种天然高分子有机絮凝剂.研究改性瓜尔胶处理微污染水的效果,以及反应温度、反应时间、氯乙酸用量、碱用量、酒精用量和搅拌时间等因素对羧甲基瓜尔胶取代度的影响,确定制备的最佳反应条件.结果表明,半干法快速制备羧甲基瓜尔胶工艺合理,方法简单,易于操作,产品的絮凝性能明显优于聚氯化铝、三氯化铁等絮凝剂,在水处理中的应用前景较好.     

Pd/C催化氢化法制备4-氨基苯乙腈的研究

通过催化剂筛选和考察反应时间、反应温度等因素的影响,对Pd/C催化氢化法制备4-氨基苯乙腈进行了研究.在对硝基苯乙腈、3%Pd/C和乙醇,三者用量分别为16.0,0.80和100.0 g,控制还原反应H2压力为0.4 Mpa,温度为30~40℃,时间为4h的优化条件下,液相色谱检测产品收率达到90.55%.     

N-乙烯基己内酰胺的合成及放大

以己内酰胺和乙炔为原料,己内酰胺与叔丁醇钾制得的己内酰胺钾盐为催化剂,对叔丁基邻苯二酚为阻聚剂合成N-乙烯基己内酰胺.考察催化剂用量、阻聚剂用量、搅拌速率、反应温度及反应时间对产品收率的影响.用红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱和质谱对产品结构进行表征.并依据小试条件进行放大实验.结果表明:在催化剂用量为3.5%,阻聚剂用量为0.04%(以己内酰胺质量计),搅拌速率200r/min,温度90℃,反应8h的优化工艺条件下,产品收率为75.4%,质量分数达99.87%.放大40倍后,产品收率为74.6%.     

掺锡TiO2复合颗粒的制备和日光催化的研究

采用实验室合成的掺锡TiO2作为光催化剂，以罗丹明B降解反应为模型，研究了不同制备条件(反应时间、反应温度、氨水用量和掺杂量)和不同反应降解体系(催化剂用量、pH值)对掺锡TiO2降解罗丹明B的影响,实验结果表明，不同制备条件对产品的光催化活性有较大的影响，是决定产品光催化活性的关键因素,催化剂用量对罗丹明B降解起双重作用,酸性强的反应体系有利于罗丹明B的降解。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.