用废旧电路板酸浸-电沉积法回收金属铜

为了既保障环保又达到最佳铜回收效果的目的,以废旧电路板经过初步破碎分离,得到铜金属富集产品为研究对象,采用硫酸-双氧水浸出结合电沉积工艺回收物料中的铜。考察了铜浸出率与硫酸质量浓度、双氧水用量、浸出时间、液固比之间的关系,进行最佳金属浸出条件实验。结果表明：硫酸物质的量浓度为3.5 mol/L、浸出时间3 h、双氧水用量为20 mL、液固比10∶1条件下,铜金属浸出率最高可达到97.58%。电沉积尾液循环用以浸出铜,铜离子循环质量浓度不低于18 g/L,平均电流效率高于97.60%。在沉积温度40℃,阴极材料为T2紫铜,电流密度小于800 A/m2时,电流效率可以保持在97%以上。实验中铜回收率达到了97.58%。     

闪锌矿—氯酸钠法制二氧化氯的研究

对闪锌矿还原氯酸钠制备二氧化氯的反应过程进行了研究 ,得出反应的最佳条件 :反应体系中硫酸的浓度须维持在 2 .5～ 3 .0 mol/ L,闪锌矿过量率为 2 %～ 4 % ,温度为 60℃左右 ,氯酸钠初始浓度为 4～ 5mol/ L.该法具有反应温和、易于控制、硫酸消耗少、成本低廉和产品纯度高的优点     

钛硅-1分子筛催化丙酮氨氧化反应条件优化

采用逐级优化的单因素实验考察钛硅-1分子筛(TS-1)催化丙酮氨氧化合成丙酮肟的反应条件.结果表明:催化剂用量、氨酮摩尔比、氧酮摩尔比、氨水及双氧水滴加时间、氨水及双氧水滴加组合模式、叔丁醇与水体积比及反应温度等因素对反应效果影响较显著.适宜的反应条件为:每mol丙酮催化剂用量4g以上,氨酮摩尔比2.0以上,氧酮摩尔比1.0～1.4,氨水及双氧水滴加时间不小于1 h,且同时滴加完毕,后续反应时间不小于1h,V(叔丁醇)/V(水)=2.3,反应温度70 ℃.在此优化反应条件下,丙酮转化率可达95%,丙酮肟选择性为98%.     

高效、高纯稳定二氧化氯溶液生产技术关键因素的优化

采用DTJ HP法制备高效、高纯稳定二氧化氯溶液,考察了反应温度、催化剂种类、双氧水用量、硫酸用量和反应压力等对二氧化氯反应收率的影响,采用正交试验确定了较理想的反应条件:反应温度为40℃,压力为-0.4MPa;催化剂采用复合催化剂B,其用量为1.5g;双氧水用量为150mL;硫酸用量为190mL。在较理想的反应条件下,二氧化氯反应收率为85.6%。     

淀粉还原氯酸钠制备二氧化氯的研究

以淀粉、氯酸钠、硫酸为原料，在投料比（物质的量比）n氯酸钠：n淀粉为24：1.5、硫酸浓度为5mol／L、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为95min的条件下，二氧化氯的产率可达94％，纯度达96％以上，结果表明，淀粉还原氯酸钠是制备二氧化氯的一种新途径。     

闪锌矿——氯酸钠法制二氧化氯的研究

对闪锌矿还原氯酸钠制备二氧化氯的反应过程进行了,得出反应的最佳条件：反应体系中硫酸的浓度须维持在2．5－3．0mol／L，闪锌矿过量率为2％－4％，温度为60℃左右，氯酸钠初始浓度为4－5mol／L，该法具有反应温和、易于控制、硫酸消耗少、成本低廉和产品度高的优点。     

水相清洁合成硬脂酸钙的研究及其产业化

本文以硬脂酸和氢氧化钙为原料,双氧水和乙醇为复合催化剂,实现了在水介质中绿色清洁合成硬脂酸钙.考察了双氧水用量、乙醇用量、反应温度、固液比和反应时间等因素对反应的影响.结果表明,在双氧水用量24%、乙醇用量10%、反应温度60℃、固液比1∶15、反应时间3 h的优化条件下,产品的游离酸含量为0.28%.生产后的滤液可进行重复使用,避免了废水的排放.工业放大实验结果表明,此方法可沿用现有复分解法设备进行工业化生产.     

乙醇还原法制备消毒剂二氧化氯的研究

探讨了以乙醇、氯酸钠、硫酸为原料制备二氧化氯,通过正交实验研究了影响二氧化氯产率和纯度的因素,即物料的配比、酸度和温度,得出了最佳工艺条件:在投料比(物质的量比)n氯酸钠∶n乙醇为4∶1.5,硫酸的浓度为6mol/L,反应温度为55℃,反应时间为35min的条件下,二氧化氯的产率可达93%,纯度达94%。本文在一定程度上拓展了二氧化氯制备的思路。     

乙醇还原法制备消毒剂二氧化氯的研究

探讨了以乙醇、氯酸钠、硫酸为原料制备二氧化氯,通过正交实验探讨了影响二氧化氯产率和纯度的因素,即物料的配比、酸度和温度,得出了最佳工艺条件：在投料比（物质的量比）n氯酸钠∶n乙醇为4∶1.5,硫酸的浓度为6 mol/L,反应温度为55 ℃,反应时间为35 min的条件下, 二氧化氯的产率可达93 %,纯度达94 %。该文在一定程度上拓展了二氧化氯制备的思路。
     

还原沉淀法制备氧化锰及其燃煤助燃性能的研究

在常压下,以高锰酸钾为原料,与双氧水以及一定沉淀剂的反应来制取二氧化锰.以静态坩埚燃烧法,考察了不同沉淀剂、焙烧温度、反应温度、反应物配比对二氧化锰助燃性能的影响规律.结果表明:在反应中选取碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂时,氧化锰的助燃效率最高;随着氧化锰的焙烧温度以及反应温度的升高,氧化锰的助燃效率呈增大趋势;双氧水的用量也使氧化锰的性能发生变化,随着双氧水用量的增加,氧化锰的助燃性能也随之提高.二氧化锰最佳制备条件为:以0.05mol的高锰酸钾溶液为基准,30%的双氧水50mL,0.25mol/L的碳酸氢铵20mL,在50℃的水浴中反应3h,焙烧温度为500℃,此时二氧化锰使煤的燃烧效率提高了3%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.