Q235碳钢在西沙大气暴晒的锈层特征

在西沙群岛高温、高湿的海洋大气环境下对Q235碳钢进行了3个月的暴晒实验,利用电子探针、激光拉曼等观察分析了暴晒后样品的锈层特征. 结果表明:Q235碳钢暴晒1个月后迅速形成较厚的锈层,锈层疏松多孔,多裂纹;当暴晒3个月时,锈层却明显减薄. Q235碳钢在西沙暴晒1个月后形成的外层腐蚀产物主要是γ-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、α-FeOOH及少量Fe3O4等,而锈层内部主要为Fe3O4、γ-Fe2O3等铁的氧化物. 暴晒3个月后,疏松锈层的内部电解液蒸发加剧,内层还原后的锈层重新被氧化,生成较多的FeOOH,同时部分γ-FeOOH转化成为α-FeOOH. Q235碳钢在西沙大气环境下的暴晒过程(也就是锈层的氧化还原反应的交替过程)中,钢基体不断地被腐蚀.     

E690海洋平台用钢力学性能和海洋大气腐蚀行为

以传统的E36海洋平台钢为对比钢,研究三种E690海洋平台钢的组织和力学性能,以及模拟海洋大气环境下的腐蚀行为.通过失重法测得实验钢在不同腐蚀时间下的腐蚀速率,利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪观察并测定了锈层的形貌特征和相组成,采用电子背散射衍射技术对实验钢的晶界类型进行分析.结果表明:以贝氏体组织为特征的E690海洋平台钢具有优异的力学性能,-40℃的冲击值超过了200J;晶界类型主要为3°～15°的亚晶界和大于50°的大角度晶界;E690海洋平台钢周浸16 d后的锈层致密且腐蚀速率已趋于稳定,最低腐蚀速率为0.84 mm.a-1,远低于组织为铁素体+珠光体钢的1.4 mm.a-1,实验钢的锈层主要由Fe3O4、α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH及γ-FeOOH四种晶态相和非晶无定形物组成.通过分析得出,热处理工艺和组织构成对材料的初期腐蚀行为有重要影响,而化学成分和锈层自身的致密性对材料后期腐蚀行为起决定作用.     

Mn-Cu耐候钢在模拟工业大气环境下的腐蚀行为

利用干湿交替加速腐蚀实验和电化学实验研究了实验钢在模拟工业大气环境下的腐蚀演化行为.结果表明,在腐蚀初期腐蚀速度随循环周期的增加而增大,在后期随循环周期的增加而降低,耐候钢的腐蚀速度与SPA-H钢相当但低于16Mn钢.在腐蚀初期,细晶粒耐候钢比粗晶粒腐蚀速度快,在后期腐蚀速度基本一致.耐候钢锈层分为内外两层,内锈层致密主要由α-FeOOH和少量γ-Fe2O3组成,晶粒尺寸对腐蚀产物的组成影响不大.16Mn钢锈层主要由α-FeOOH,γ-Fe2O3和Fe3O4组成.在腐蚀后期,Cu的作用使耐候钢的耐腐蚀性能优于16Mn钢.电化学实验表明,腐蚀产物促进阴极过程,抑制阳极过程.细晶粒有利于保护性内锈...     

低合金耐候钢在含氯离子环境中的腐蚀行为

利用干湿周浸加速腐蚀实验对比研究了低合金钢A588和SPA--H在含氯离子环境下腐蚀行为,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和电子探针等方法分析了Ni、Mn对于低合金钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:实验钢锈层中的物质主要由α--FeOOH、γ--FeOOH和Fe3O4组成,但其含量存在差异;Ni元素在内锈层含量高于外锈层,Mn元素在锈层的孔洞处富集;内锈层的致密程度高于外锈层;提高合金元素Mn和Ni的含量,可以提高内锈层的致密性,从而提高低合金钢的耐蚀性能.     

pH值对Q235钢在模拟酸性土壤中腐蚀行为的影响

通过腐蚀失重计算、扫描电镜、X射线衍射方法、极化曲线分析等手段,研究了pH值对Q235钢在模拟酸性土壤中腐蚀行为的影响.在模拟酸性土壤环境中,Q235钢的腐蚀速率随土壤pH值升高而降低,经360 h腐蚀后,在pH值为4.0、4.5和5.1的土壤中试样的腐蚀速率分别为0.68、0.48和0.42 mm·a-1.随土壤pH值升高,Q235钢锈层更为致密,其表面蚀坑由窄深型发展变为宽浅型发展.腐蚀产物均为SiO2、α-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH、Fe2 O3及 Fe3 O4,随土壤 pH值升高,腐蚀产物中α-FeOOH/γ-FeOOH质量比升高.极化曲线分析表明,随土壤pH值升高,Q235钢腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流密度降低,试样腐蚀速率减小.     

雷公藤内酯酮的极谱催化波及应用研究

用线性扫描极谱法研究了雷公藤内酯酮在不同缓冲体系和氧化剂作用下的极谱催化波。实验表明,在pH=5.20的B-R缓冲溶液、0.1mol·L-1KCl和4.0×10-3mol·L-1H2O2体系中,雷公藤内酯酮极谱催化波的一阶导数峰电位为-0.97V(vs.SCE);一阶导数峰电流与浓度在1.3×10-8mol·L-1～1.3×10-7mol·L-1范围内有较好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9912。初步讨论了电极反应机理。     

二甲基亚砜中Co2+、Ni2+和Fe2+的电化学行为

研究了二甲基亚砜中Co2+、Ni2+和Fe2+电化学行为. 在1.00×10-2 mol·L-1CoCl2-0.1 mol·L-1LiClO4-DMSO、1.00×10-2mol·L-1NiCl2-0.1 mol·L-1LiClO4-DMSO和1.00×10-2 mol·L-1FeCl2-0.1 mol·L-1LiClO4-DMSO体系中利用循环伏安法和计时电流法测定3种体系中Co2+、Ni2+和Fe2+的扩散系数DO. 结果在304 K时,循环伏安法测定3种体系中Co2+、Ni2+和Fe2+的扩散系数DO分别为1.31×10-5、1.27×10-5和1.59×10-5 cm2*s-1;在299 K时,计时电流法测定Co2+、Ni2+和Fe2+的扩散系数DO分别为1.01×10-5、1.43×10-5和1.39×10-5 cm2·s-1.     

用液膜技术分离铌（Ⅴ）和铌（Ⅴ）

探索用液膜技术提取铌 ( )的实验条件 .采用 HNO3- HF体系溶解 Nb2 O5和 Ta2 O5,经试验以仲辛醇为载体时 ,铌 ( )的萃取受 H 浓度和 HF浓度的控制 ;以 TNOA为载体时 ,在 6mol·L-1H2 SO4 - 2 mol· L-1HF介质中能对铌 ( )进行有效的萃取 .根据铌 ( )和钽 ( )的萃取条件 ,采用液膜技术对铌、钽进行分离 .结果表明 ,以仲辛醇为载体 ,在 6mol· L-1H2 SO4 - 0 .5mol· L-1HF介质中 ,能对铌、钽进行有效的分离 .     

模拟海洋大气下碳钢及镀锌钢的腐蚀产物演变

对Q235、Q345及镀锌钢在中性盐雾箱中连续喷雾2、6、24、48、72、144、240、360 h,研究了在模拟海洋大气下3种材料的腐蚀产物组成和形态随时间的演变规律.通过失重法计算腐蚀速率,并用XRD和SEM对腐蚀产物进行表征.结果表明:3种钢材的腐蚀动力学曲线遵循指数函数规律;其中镀锌钢的腐蚀速率远远低于碳钢,而两种碳钢的腐蚀速率很接近;Q235和Q345钢的腐蚀产物主要有α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH和Fe_3O_4,其随着喷雾时间的延长呈现不同的变化规律;不同腐蚀产物呈现不同的形貌特征,γ-FeOOH为花片状,β-FeOOH为棉花状,报道较少的Fe_3O_4为尖晶石状;相比于两种碳钢,镀锌钢的锈层则更加密实.     

海洋软管铠装层用钢的海水腐蚀行为

通过浸泡实验研究了铠装层用钢在模拟海水环境下的腐蚀行为.实验结果表明,实验钢的微观组织由回火马氏体组成,同时在基体中观察到含铬的析出粒子;腐蚀速率随着腐蚀时间延长逐渐降低,最终实验腐蚀速率为0.068 9 mm·a~(-1).腐蚀行为分为三个阶段:快速下降阶段、平稳过渡阶段和缓慢下降阶段,试样表面的腐蚀产物主要为α-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH,Fe_3O_4,Fe_2O_3;随着腐蚀时间的增加,腐蚀产物结构更加密实且厚度更大,铬元素倾向于在腐蚀产物中聚集.     

Relationship between the specific surface area of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel in a wet-dry acid corrosion environment

The relationship between the specific surface area (SSA) of rust and the electrochemical behavior of rusted steel under wet-dry acid corrosion conditions was investigated. The results showed that the corrosion current density first increased and then decreased with increasing SSA of the rust during the corrosion process. The structure of the rust changed from single-layer to double-layer, and the γ-FeOOH content decreased in the inner layer of the rust with increasing corrosion time; by contrast, the γ-FeOOH content in the outer layer was constant. When the SSA of the rust was lower than the critical SSA corresponding to the relative humidity during the drying period, condensed water in the micropores of the rust could evaporate, which prompted the diffusion of O₂ into the rust and the following formation process of γ-FeOOH, leading to an increase of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time. However, when the SSA of the rust reached or exceeded the critical SSA, condensate water in the micro-pores of the inner layer of the rust could not evaporate which inhibited the diffusion of O₂ and decreased the γ-FeOOH content in the inner rust, leading to a decrease of corrosion current density with increasing corrosion time.     

Corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in a wet–dry acid humid environment

The corrosion behavior of corrosion resistant steel (CRS) in a simulated wet–dry acid humid environment was investigated and compared with carbon steel (CS) using corrosion loss, polarization curves, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), N₂ adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the corrosion kinetics of both steels were closely related to the composition and compactness of the rust, and the electrochemical properties of rusted steel. Small amounts of Cu, Cr, and Ni in CRS increased the amount of amorphous phases and decreased the content of γ-FeOOH in the rust, resulting in higher compactness and electrochemical stability of the CRS rust. The elements Cu, Cr, and Ni were uniformly distributed in the CRS rust and formed CuFeO₂, Cu₂O, CrOOH, NiFe₂O₄, and Ni₂O₃, which enhanced the corrosion resistance of CRS in the wet–dry acid humid environment.     

Corrosion behavior of high-strength spring steel for high-speed railway

The corrosion resistance and evolution of corrosion products in medium-carbon high-strength spring steels were investigated in a neutral salt spray (5wt% NaCl solution). A formation model of γ-FeOOH and a transformation model describing the conversion of γ-FeOOH to α-FeOOH were constructed. The results indicated that, at the initial corrosion stage, the corrosion resistance was gradually improved with the addition of Cr; however, with the addition of alloying element V, the corrosion resistance decreased. These results were attributed mainly to the initial corrosion stage being closely related to the matrix microstructure parameters such as grain-boundary character and dislocation density. After the rust layer was formed at a later corrosion stage, the corrosion resistance was reinforced with the addition of Cr and V because Cr strongly influenced the composition, structure, and morphology of the corrosion products. The results presented herein show that Cr was conducive to the transformation of γ-FeOOH into α-FeOOH. Moreover, V and Cr exhibited obvious synergy and were enriched in the inner layer of the corrosion products.     

Influence of chromium on the initial corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in the CO2-O2-H2S-SO2 wet-dry corrosion environment of cargo oil tankers

The influence of Cr on the initial corrosion behavior of low-alloy steels exposed to a CO2–O2–H2S–SO2wet–dry corrosion envi-ronment was investigated using weight-loss measurements, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption tests, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the corrosion rate increases with increasing Cr content in samples subjected to corrosion for 21 d. However, the rust grain size decreases, its specific surface area increases, and it becomes more compact and denser with increasing Cr content, which indicates the enhanced protectivity of the rust. The results of charge transfer resistance (Rct) calculations indicate that higher Cr contents can accelerate the corrosion during the first 7 d and promote the formation of the enhanced protective inner rust after 14 d; the formed protective inner rust is responsible for the greater corrosion resistance during long-term exposure.     

海洋平台用中锰钢飞溅区海水腐蚀行为

通过干湿交替腐蚀实验研究了海洋平台用低碳中锰钢在海洋环境下飞溅区的海水腐蚀行为.通过电子显微镜研究了腐蚀产物的形貌特征,利用电子探针(EPMA)表征了锈层的截面形貌及腐蚀产物中元素的分布,采用X射线衍射仪对腐蚀产物进行了物相分析.结果表明:随着腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀速率先是快速增加,达到峰值后下降,最后趋于稳定.腐蚀产物结构由疏松多孔状逐渐转化为致密厚实状,锈层对基体的保护能力逐渐增强.在高浓度氯离子环境下,腐蚀产物以γ-Fe OOH为主,并出现了锰的氧化物和铁锰氧化物两种物相,它们促进了腐蚀过程中的电化学反应.     

10CrMoAl钢热轧薄板的周浸实验对比分析

为了系统地研究10CrMoAl钢的耐腐蚀性能,对其周浸试验各周期试样进行了腐蚀速率分析、SEM分析、XRD分析及电化学分析.结果表明:腐蚀速率最快的阶段是72～168 h腐蚀阶段,其次是0～72 h腐蚀阶段,最慢的是168～240 h腐蚀阶段.经过168 h腐蚀后,锈层厚度平均为80 μm,是经过72 h腐蚀后的试样锈层厚度的近2倍.经过240 h的腐蚀后,锈层仍然维持在80 μm左右,却出现了50 μm的过渡层.经过168 h和240 h腐蚀所形成的锈层几乎完全阻止了γ-FeOOH和α-FeOOH等稳定产物的形成,从而有效地阻碍了基体的继续腐蚀.此外,锈层中Cr、Mo和Al的富集,也对阻碍腐蚀的进行起到一定的作用.     

Effect of Ni on the corrosion resistance of bridge steel in a simulated hot and humid coastal-industrial atmosphere

The corrosion resistance of weathering bridge steels containing conventional contents of Ni (0.20wt%, 0.42wt%, 1.50wt%) and a higher content of Ni (3.55wt%) in a simulated hot and humid coastal-industrial atmosphere was investigated by corrosion depth loss, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The results showed that, with increasing Ni content, the mechanical properties of the bridge steel were markedly improved, the welding parameters were satisfactory at room temperature, and the corrosion resistance was enhanced. When the Ni content was low (≤ 0.42wt%), the crystallization process of the corrosion products was substantially promoted, enhancing the stability of the rust layer. When the Ni content was higher (~3.55wt%), the corrosion reaction of the steel quickly reached a balance, because the initial rapid corrosion induced the formation of a protective rust layer in the early stage. Simultaneously, NiO and NiFe₂O₄ were generated in large quantities; they not only formed a stable, compact, and continuous oxide protective layer, but also strongly inhibited the transformation process of the corrosion products. This inhibition reduced the structural changes in the rust layer, thereby enhancing the protection. However, when the Ni content ranged from 0.42wt% to 1.50wt%, the corrosion resistance of the bridge steel increased only slightly.     

Influence of mill scale and rust layer on the corrosion resistance of low-alloy steel in simulated concrete pore solution

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements, and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to investigate the influence of mill scale and rust layer on the passivation capability and chloride-induced corrosion behaviors of conventional low-carbon (LC) steel and low-alloy (LA) steel in simulated concrete pore solution. The results show that mill scale exerts different influences on the corrosion resistance of both steels at various electrochemical stages. We propose that the high long-term corrosion resistance of LA steel is mainly achieved through the synergistic effect of a gradually formed compact, adherent and well-distributed Cr-enriched inner rust layer and the physical barrier protection effect of mill scale.