阜新盆地王营-刘家煤层气藏成藏机理

王营-刘家煤层气藏是阜新盆地最具开发前景的两个煤层气藏.从成藏条件(包括煤层空间展布、资源丰度、储层特征、封闭条件)和成藏过程(煤层气的形成和地下水动力学特征)两个方面对其成藏机理进行了系统探讨.提出:(1)王营-刘家煤层气藏主要以多煤层、巨厚煤层为特征.煤层气含量在6～10 m3/t左右,资源丰度巨大;(2)这两个煤层气藏形成于古近纪,新近纪至今为调整改造阶段,二者的边界为平安F2断层;(3)早白垩世末期主煤层就已经成熟并开始生烃(R0=0.5%～0.8%).次生热成因、次生生物成因气并存.喜山期的岩浆活动造成煤的接触变质并发生二次生烃,但影响有限;(4)该煤层气藏形成后的调整与改造都利于煤的储气能力增加;(5)岩墙的存在沟通了所有含水层和煤层,从而造成多煤层统一成藏.图5,参12.     

沁水盆地樊庄区块构造对煤层气富集的控制作用

在对樊庄区块褶皱形成力学机制研究基础上,从煤层气藏构造演化史的角度,结合樊庄区块煤层气排采实际资料,建立了沁水盆地樊庄区块三种类型煤层气成藏模式,即原生型、调整型和改造型,其中改造型又可分为原生改造型和调整改造型,旨在研究沁水盆地樊庄区块构造对煤层气富集的控制作用,为认识局部微小构造对煤层气藏的控制作用提供参考。本区煤层气开发实践表明,不同成因的气藏宜采用相应的勘探开发策略。     

阜新盆地低煤阶煤层气地质特征及成藏机制

通过对阜新盆地低煤阶煤层气地质特征及成藏机制的研究,为煤层气开采提供依据.分析了阜新盆地构造演化及盆地形成过程,经历了初始裂陷期(义县期)、快速裂陷期(阜新组沉积期)和收缩期(孙家湾期),形成了北北东向的断陷盆地,具有东西分带,南北分块的构造格局特征,提出了煤储存厚度、岩浆体侵入和地质构造是煤层气藏的主要影响因素.通过对王营-刘家区煤层气藏地质特征及成藏机制的研究,揭示了影响王营-刘家区煤层气藏的主控因素,确定煤层气藏为水动力—岩墙封堵式混合成因裂隙型煤层气富集模式,对本区煤层气勘探开发具有重要意义.     

煤层气的富集成藏类型初探

通过对煤层气赋集成藏因素和机理的分析，结合煤层气勘探中有煤层却没有煤层气赋集，有煤层气赋集未必是勘探的有利选区等地质认识，探讨了煤层气藏的概念，并根据煤层气藏的成因和构造形态对煤层气藏类型进行了详细划分，共划分了8种煤层气藏类型，包括了目前所有已经发现煤层气藏类型。并认为只有在含气饱和度较高的煤层气藏，且具有较高的渗透率，才能成为煤层气勘探的有利区块。     

煤层气藏与常规天然气藏地质及开采特征比较

煤层气是一种与煤岩同生共体以甲烷为主要成分、主要以吸附状态赋存在沉积盆地煤层之中的可燃气体,也就是煤矿生产中有名的瓦斯气。煤层气藏作为一种非常规气藏,从地质成因与特征、储集与开采特征以及储量评价等多个方面,与常规气藏有着不同之处,因此对两种类型的气藏进行详细的比较与总结十分必要,同时也为煤层甲烷气开发与开采中的各项研究如煤层气藏工程、煤层气井试井、完井、煤层气藏模拟等奠定了基础。     

浅层低煤阶煤层气成藏条件分析

针对我国煤层气勘探开发的难题,从煤层气藏的气源和保存条件入手,深入分析了生物气作为气源在浅层低煤阶煤层气藏形成中的重要性,并研究了盖层条件、水文地质条件及甲烷菌的生气条件在浅层低煤阶煤层气藏的形成和保存过程中所起的作用.认为中国煤层气的勘探开发不应受氧化带的限制,在煤层上覆封盖条件较好的浅层寻找浅层低煤阶煤层气藏可能获得良好的经济效益.     

樊庄地区山西组煤层控气综合因素分析

煤层气藏最典型的特征是煤层自生自储,因此煤储层的特征是煤层气成藏的核心要素。为了研究樊庄地区山西组3#煤储层的富集成藏特征,现在主要从樊庄地区3#煤源岩条件、物性特征、保存条件、构造控藏模式这几个方面分析该地区煤层气富集的原因。综合结论认为该地区突出的优势是煤层厚度大,稳定,物性好,含气量大,加之较好的保存条件和构造控藏模式,因此在该地区形成煤层气富集。这项研究对该地区煤层气后续勘探和开发都具有重要的意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部煤系非常规天然气 成藏特征—以U-1井为例

石炭-二叠纪含煤地层是鄂尔多斯盆地煤层气、页岩气和致密砂岩气叠合成藏的主要层位.3种气藏均属于热成因气藏,但成藏特征存在差异,依据大量的钻井、测井资料对3种气藏的平面展布特征进行了探讨,并选择具有代表性的U-1井以山西组下段和太原组为目标层位,从垂向上对3种气藏的地球化学、储层物性、含气性、气体同位素测试数据进行了剖析,结果表明：研究区页岩及煤层有机碳含量高,有机质类型均为Ⅲ型,处于高成熟-过成熟阶段,累计总生烃量154 mg/g.在孔隙度方面致密砂岩储层>煤储层>页岩储层,储层孔隙主要由纳米孔组成,结构不规则且形态呈开放状态.在渗透性方面致密砂岩较好,煤储层次之,页岩较差.在含气性方面煤储层>砂岩储层>页岩储层.在研究区太原组至山西组下段主要形成了煤层气、页岩气与致密砂岩气的复合型气藏.     

煤层气藏储层裂缝建模研究

针对煤层气藏储层天然裂缝发育,采用DFN离散裂缝网络模型的裂缝性储层建模方法和思路。以沁端区块煤层气藏为例,首先,建立了煤层气藏三维构造模型,在构造模型的基础上,利用序贯高斯随机建模方法,建立了煤层气藏基质属性模型,为裂缝模型的建立与离散粗化奠定基础。然后,以测井解释的裂缝密度、长度、倾角、方位等统计数据为基础,在地震裂缝预测的属性体约束条件下,建立全区裂缝密度分布模型。最后,以裂缝密度分布模型为控制条件,利用离散裂缝网络技术(discrete fracture network,DFN),建立了沁端区块煤层气藏离散裂缝网络模型及其裂缝孔隙度、渗透率等属性模型。通过对模型的验证分析,认为该模型能客观真实地反应煤层气藏储层天然裂缝的几何特征和分布形态,为该区块煤层气藏数值模拟提供了地质基础和依据。     

MCI分析法在确定油气成藏期次中的应用

介绍了流体包裹体分子成分 (MCI)分析技术及其特点 ,以塔里木盆地英南 2气藏为例 ,利用 MCI技术及其研究方法进行油气成藏期次的研究。对塔里木盆地英南 2现今气藏储层中的烃类 (凝析油与储层沥青 )以及气藏志留系与侏罗系储层成岩矿物中的含油包裹体分子进行了地球化学成分分析 ,对比研究含油包裹体分子地球化学成分和现今气藏中的烃类的分子地球化学成分。研究表明油包裹体分子成分与原油和储层沥青分子成分相似 ,反映它们来源相同 ,是同一期烃类充注的产物 ,英南 2气藏油气成藏期次为一期     

Influence of overpressure on coalbed methane reservoir in south Qinshui basin

In theory, from the high temperature and pressure during the coal generating gas to the present low temperature and pressure of coalbed methane reservoir, the accumulation of coalbed methane was from oversaturated to undersaturated. The gas content of the coalbed methane reservoir in the south Qinshui basin was 12-35.7 m3/t. According to the isotherm and measured gas content of No. 3 coal, the adsorbed gas content in some wells was highly saturated and oversaturated, which was hard to theoretically understand. In addition, there were no thermogenic and biogenic gases at the late stage in the south Qinshui basin. This article proposed that the overpressure was the main reason for the present high saturation of the coalbed methane reservoir. In early Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was characterized by overpressure and high saturation caused by gas generation from coal measure source rocks. In late Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was rapidly uplifted, and with the temperature and pressure decreasing, the pressure condition of adsorbed gas changed from overpressure to normal-under pressure, which resulted in the high saturation and gas content in the present coalbed methane reservoir.     

沁水盆地煤地质与煤层气聚集单元特征研究

通过对沁水盆地煤层气聚集单元分析,可以看出煤层气聚集单元划分需要查明影响煤层气成藏的各种地质因素。煤层气聚集成藏是天然气成藏中的特殊情况,其特殊的成因机制使得聚集单元分析不能套用常规石油天然气聚集单元的划分原则,其中煤地质基础研究特别是煤层气基础研究是煤层气聚集单元分析的基础;对于一个完整盆地,煤聚积规律研究对煤层气最为重要,因此应该在高分辨率层序地层单元划分的基础上进行精细的富煤单元分析;对于指导煤层气勘探与开发,盆地内部次级单元的划分是实用的,也是难度更大的;沁水盆地煤层气聚集单元可以用以下“富气区”描述,即沁南极富气区、东翼斜坡带富气区、西翼斜坡带低富气区、西山较低富气区和高平一晋城低富气区,因此沁南区是煤层气成藏有利区。     

The key stage and moment of coalbed gas reservior evolution in the Qinshui Basin,China

The evolution of coalbed gas reservoir is characterized by coalbed gas geochemistry and gas content. On the basis of burial history and thermal history, the forming process of coalbed gas reservoir and the gas accumulative history in the Qinshui Basin are discussed in this paper. The difference of the thermal history, geochemistry characteristic, and gas accumulative history between Yangcheng and Huozhou areas shows that the formation of coalbed gas reservoir in the Qinshui Basin is controlled by the geological process in the critical stage and the critical moment. The components and isotopes of coalbed methane are determined by the stage at which the coal maturation reaches its maximum rank. The coalbed methane accumulative history is related to the temperature and pressure of the coal burial history, because the coalbed gas is mainly in adsorptive state. It is stated that the gas content in the coal seam is controlled by the moment when the coal seam is uplifted to the shallowest position.     

大倾角储层煤层气多层合采产量控制地质与工程因素

针对大倾角储层煤层气多层合采的特点,以库拜煤田煤层气井的实际排采动态资料为基础,通过分析排采动态典型指标与地质要素和工程要素之间的关系,剖析了库拜煤田大倾角储层多层合采煤层气井产能的控制因素,并用灰色关联分析定量评价了各影响因素的重要性。结果表明：（1）大倾角储层煤层气合层排采产量与单井动用资源丰度、储层压力梯度、煤体结构、临界解吸压力、初始排水速度、压裂效果、初始见气时间具有较好的相关性,但与渗透率、吸附时间相关性较差。储层压力梯度和储层压力是影响该研究区产能的主控因素;（2）新疆库拜煤田大倾角储层靶点压力特征、含气量、渗透率基本处于同一水平,同埋深不同煤层物性非均质性较小,层间干扰作用小,较适合合层排采。论文研究成果可作为大倾角储层煤层气合层排采提供指导。     

中煤阶煤层气井排采阶段划分及渗透率变化

煤层渗透率动态变化规律是煤层气开发所面临的重点问题之一。根据无因次产气率划分煤层气井排采阶段,结合等温吸附实验下煤层气的解吸过程确定排采阶段分界点位置。通过物质能量动态平衡理论建立中煤阶煤储层渗透率评价模型,从渗透率变化趋势、主导机制、产能动态等方面,阐释了中煤阶煤层气井不同排采阶段煤储层渗透率动态变化特征与控制机理。结果表明,排采过程中,煤储层绝对渗透率发生“先降低-后回返-再上升”的动态变化。排水阶段水相有效渗透率迅速下降,气相有效渗透率为0。储层压力降低至临界解吸压力后进入产气阶段,气相有效渗透率迅速增加,水相有效渗透率缓慢降低。产气量衰减阶段绝对渗透率开始下降,在滑脱效应影响下,气相有效渗透率仍然保持缓慢上升,水相有效渗透率降低。     

不同变质变形煤特征对煤层气富集渗流的制约

煤岩是煤层气的主要储集层,其变质变形作用对煤层气的赋存、运移和开发都具有重要意义。本文以华北地区典型含煤区为研究区,基于现场资料分析、煤岩显微观测,孔渗测试及压汞实验分析,探讨了不同变质变形煤储层孔渗特征,并从裂隙、孔隙不同尺度探讨了不同变质变形煤储层特征及其孔、裂隙结构特征对煤层气富集渗流所起的作用。结果表明,首先,煤层气产出过程与煤储层变质变形特征密切相关;实验室测定的渗透率与试井渗透率具有可比性,一般碎斑煤大于碎裂煤;高变质弱变形煤储层和中变质弱变形煤储层煤层气的富气能力与渗流能力比较强,是煤层气富集高渗的有利储层。     

Division of coalbed methane-enriched units in the Qinshui Basin

Division of CBM (coalbed methane)-enriched units is an important precondition and basic work for formulation of scientific CBM exploration procedure and improvement of CBM exploration success rate. In consideration of the CBM particularity and complexity as well as its distribution in China, the CBM-enriched units are divided into 5 levels, i.e. CBM-bearing region, CBM-bearing basin, CBM-enriched area, CBM-enriched zone, and CBM reservoir (field). The Qinshui Basin is one of the China's richest CBM basins with higher exploration degree. However, division and study of CBM-enriched units are relatively weak for the basin. Based on geological conditions of CBM reservoirs formation and current distribution of CBM reservoirs in the Qinshui Basin, this paper divides the basin into 5 CBM-enriched areas, that is, the South Qinshui, Eastern Slope, Western Slope, Xishan, and Gaoping-Jincheng CBM-enriched areas. Of those 5 areas, the South Qinshui is most favorable for CBM exploration.     

Analysis of pore system model and physical property of coal reservoir in the Qinshui Basin

The Qinshui Basin in China is a major area for exploration and development of high rank coalbed methane. Due to the high rank coal and complicated pore system, no substantial breakthrough in the exploration and development of coalbed methane has been made until now. Many systematic tests show that a pore system of coal reservoir has some features as follows: the porosity is relatively low; the pore system is dominated by micropores and transition pores; mesopores take the second place, and macropores are nearly absent, which is exceedingly adverse for production of coal-bed methane. However, testing data also revealed the differential development for the pore of high rank coal reservoirs in the Qinshui Basin, which necessarily led to the different physical properties of desorption, diffusion and permeability. This paper classifies the testing data using cluster analysis method and selects the typical samples to establish four pore system models, analyzes the differences of reservoir physical property, and provides a guidance for the exploration and development of coalbed methane in the Qinshui Basin.     

模拟煤层气储层条件下煤岩渗透性实验研究

储层煤岩特有的割理结构使其渗透性与常规砂岩储层不尽相同,本文以山西沁水盆地3#煤作为实验煤心,实验研究了围压、孔隙压力对煤岩渗透率的综合影响规律,并得到3#煤岩的裂缝体积压缩系数范围。研究表明,流体介质不同,储层煤岩渗透率在压降过程中变化趋势不同;储层煤岩裂缝体积压缩系数在整个煤层气开采过程中并非一恒定值。