香桂叶油合成二氢黄樟油素

以香桂叶油为原料合成二氢黄樟油素为目的，在W-2型瑞尼镍的催化下加氢，并研究了催化剂用量、温度、压力和溶剂对反应的影响。结果表明：香桂叶油在无溶剂条件下。用32：1的W-2型瑞尼镍催化，在120℃、2MPa的氢气压力下反应2h，可合成二氢黄樟油素，不经过蒸馏提纯，质量分数为98．5％，产率为95．6％，无废水和废渣排放。     

氯甲基二氢黄樟油素的绿色合成新方法

报道了一种绿色合成甲基二氢黄樟油素的新方法,1．00mol（含量95．1％,来自香桂叶油）二氢横樟油素、1．40mol（含量95％）多聚甲醛和360moL36％盐酸,在70℃,剧烈搅拌7h,得到氯甲基二氢黄樟油素（含量93．4％以上）,产率98．6％,氯甲基化反应的废水经过处理可以回收盐酸,CODCr降到62mg/L,色度降到40倍,pH变为9。     

洋洋莉醛开发应用商机喜人开发应用商机喜人

洋茉莉醛,又名胡椒醛,外观为具有洋茉莉花香的白色或黄白色闪光结晶,其天然品少量存在于洋茉莉花、刺槐花等花油和香荚豆等植物中.洋茉莉醛的生产通常以从黄樟树水蒸气蒸馏得到的黄樟油素为起始原料,与氢氧化钾共热转化为异黄樟油素,经氧化、苯萃取、中和洗涤、常压蒸苯、乙醇结晶等工序后得洋茉莉醛成品.国内厂家目前大多以黄樟油素为原料生产.有关研究单位现已开始研制以邻苯二酚为起始原料,经亚甲基化、酸化、氧化脱羧三步反应合成洋茉莉醛的生产新工艺.     

异黄樟油素液相氧化合成洋茉莉醛的研究

通过不同条件下的实验，得出由异黄樟油素液相氧化合成洋茉莉醛的适宜工艺条件．＿当异黄樟油素与高锰酸钾的重量比为１∶１时，向混合液中滴加酸，并通入氧气，在７０℃下反应２．５ｈ，醛得率为４３．３％．     

洋茉莉醛电化制备电极过程的研究

本文用循环伏安法、稳态电势扫描法及微分电容法,研究了由异黄樟油素经两次电氧化制备洋茉莉醛时的电极过程.根据实验结果,认为第一次电氧化是异黄樟油索的环氧化过程,属于EECC机理;第二次是环氧化物的水解产物(双醇化物)的电氧化得到洋茉莉醛.     

香桂扦插育苗试验

香桂（Cinnamomum Petrophilum Nchao）,是我县特有的香料经济树种,广泛分布于我县岩溶区域,其枝、干、叶、皮均可提取芳香油,尤以叶子含油率最高,达3．1-4．36％,香桂油的主要成份为黄樟油素,含量达96．01—99．60％,是目前世界上发现的唯一枝叶含黄樟油素的树种,在国际市场上竞争力极强,列为我县重点发展的经济林树种。     

湘西猴樟油主要化学成份分离研究

本文采用常压间歇精馏法对猴樟油中桉叶油素的分离进行了试验研究.产品馏分中桉叶油素的含量可达到80%(体积),比原油中桉叶油素的含量17.20%(体积)提高了62.80%(体积),已接近国际桉叶油素精油标准,试验结果表明,从湘西猴樟油中分离桉叶油素,不仅易于分离,而且分离效果好.这对于开发湘西天然香料资源无疑是一条新的途径.     

洋茉莉醛开发应用商机喜人

洋茉莉醛,又名胡椒醛,外观为具有洋茉莉花香的白色或黄白色闪光结晶,其天然品少量存在于洋茉莉花、刺槐花等花池和香荚豆等植物中。洋茉莉醛的生产通常以从黄樟树水蒸气蒸馏得到的黄樟油素为起始原料,与氢氧化钾共热转化为异黄榜油素,经氧化、苯苹取、中和洗涤、常压蒸苯、乙醇结晶等工序后得洋茉莉醛成品。国内厂家目前大多以黄樟油素为原料生产。有关研究单位现已开始研制以邻苯二酚为起始原料,经亚甲基化、酸化、氧化脱坡三步反应合成泽茉莉醛的生产新工艺。洋茉莉醛是一种重要的精细化学品和有机合成中间体,在食品、日化、精细化…     

香桂炼油试验

香桂,又称岩桂,俗名三股筋,樟科樟属树种,是我县特有的乡土经济林树种,主要分布于我县古楼、巡司、乐义、镇舟等岩溶区域,其枝、叶、干、皮均可提取芳香油,尤以叶子含油率最高达3．15-4．36％,香桂的主要成份为香樟油素,含量达96．01—99．60（中国科学院成都分院生物研究所分析测定）,是目前世界上发现的唯一枝叶富含黄樟油素的树种。以黄樟油为主要原料制成的洋茉莉醛,广泛应用于日用化工和医药业上,     

樟脑红油化学成分的研究

本文比较详细地研究了樟脑红油(Red Camphor Oil)的化学成分,并估定了它们的含量,为樟脑红油的利用提供了必要的根据。樟脑红油的成分主要为黄樟油素(～22.2%);芳樟醇(～9.2%);α-松油醇(～7.8%);二戊烯(～4.2%);α-蒎烯(～2.8%);樟脑(1.9%);1,8-桉叶油素(～0.8%);倍半萜烃的含量约为14.8%,已鉴定其中含有α-檀香烯和蛇麻烯。另外尚有一种待进一步鉴定的倍半萜烯,它在薄层色谱中的位置处于α-檀香烯与蛇麻烯之间。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-