白菜型黄籽油菜千粒重及其遗传力的研究

对青海大黄和黄籽沙逊杂交组合的6个世代千粒重进行了测定。结果表明。千粒重的广义遗传率为34．83％，狭义遗传率为8．43％。说明F2千粒重变异有34．83％是由于遗传差异引起的，8．43％是由基因的加性方差引起的，千粒重的狭义遗传率较低，在杂种早代不宜选择。     

玉米S2和S4代株系遗传变异研究

本研究以52个S2和22个S4代株系及其组配的杂交种为材料,利用SSR标记分析不同世代材料间的遗传差异.结果表明,20对SSR核心引物在S2和S4代株系中分别检测到61和39个等位基因变异,每对引物平均检测到3.1和1.95个等位基因以及4.7和2.15个基因型.通过类平均法(UPGMA)将52个S2代株系划分为7大类群,其中A9-22和A9-37单独聚为一类,其余株系类群与系谱来源基本一致;将22个S4代株系划分成4大类群,与系谱来源一致.S2和S4代株系间差异位点数变幅分别为2-37个和0-23个,且系谱来源相同的株系间差异位点数少于其不同来源的株系.证明玉米S2代是急剧分离世代,随着世代的增加,S4代趋向稳定,群体整齐度增高,其相应杂交组合也表现出相似的遗传变异规律.     

白菜型油菜自交不亲和性状的遗传分析

以青海大黄、青油241和黄籽沙逊为亲本材料,配制成2个杂交组合的各6个世代群体,即P1、P2、F1、F2、B1、B2,研究了白菜型油菜自交不亲和性状的遗传特点。结果表明:白菜型油菜不仅品种间自交亲和指数差异显著,同一品种内自交亲和指数变异幅度也较大,自交亲和品种中存在不亲和株,自交不亲和品种中存在高亲和株;自交不亲和性状和自交亲和性状受1对等位基因控制,自交不亲和为显性性状,自交亲和为隐性性状,青海大黄和黄籽沙逊均为隐性纯合体(SCSC)。     

抗除草剂基因atzA在转基因水稻中的遗传

研究了细菌阿特拉津氯水解酶基因atzA在转基因水稻AA269株系自交和回交后代中的遗传规律．结果表明：atzA基因作为一个显性遗传位点遵循孟德尔遗传分离规律．除草剂抗性鉴定结果表明,在T1代水稻群体中除草剂抗性和敏感株数遵循3：1的分离规律,T2代稳定纯合;T2～T7自交世代的转基因植株均保持稳定的除草剂抗性．在BC1～BC3代群体中除草剂抗性和敏感株数遵循1：1的分离规律,BC群体自交的BCF2群体中遵循3：1分离规律．分别对AA269／9311的B3F1和B2F2群体中的一个株系进行了PCR分析,PCR阳性株与阴性株的分离比例分别符合1：1和3：1,与除草剂抗性鉴定结果一致．对T7代群体中部分单株的Southern杂交和RT—PCR分析表明,atzA基因已稳定遗传至T7代,并得到表达．     

犏牛雄性不育的多基因遗传不平衡假说

根据犏牛雄性不育的研究结果，提出了犏牛雄性不育的多基因遗传不平衡假说．假说认为，不育性是受多基因控制的，牦牛和普通牛由于在多个基因位点上的遗传差异而使犏牛的基因平衡失调，导致不育．最后对该假说的部分证据进行了讨论和分析     

分离定律的教学与提升运用

分离定律的教学中渗透着"假说——演绎法",考纲也明确要求:能运用"假说——演绎法"等科学探究的方法解决基本的生物学现象。但许多教师对"假说——演绎法"的内涵感到陌生,对其在分离定律中教学的落实更加困惑,因而出现忽略"假说——演绎法"的教学或者教学不到位的现象,更谈不上"假说——演绎法"在遗传实验设计、推断题中运用了。针对以上现象,本人就分离定律的复习中用问题串还原孟德尔的"假说——演绎法"过程教学,从而引领学生生成"假说——演绎法"的科学思维方式,并通过经典高考题分析"假说——演绎法"在遗传实验设计、推断题中的运用。     

正选型婚配群体中隐性纯合体频率的估算公式

本文以隐性纯合体频率为指标，分析了表型正选型婚配群体中世代间其量值变化，揭示了与世代延续的函数关系，并导出用以表征该型婚配遗传效应的数学模型，从而，为遗传病流行学和人类及医学遗传学在群体水平上的研究提供了一简便、实用的估算公式。     

正选型婚配群体中隐性纯合体频率的估算公式

以隐性纯合体频率为指标，分析了表型正选型婚配群体中世代间其量值变化，揭示了与世代延续的函数关系，并导出用以表征该型婚配遗传效应的数学模型，从而，为遗传病流行学和人类及医学遗传学在群体水平上的研究提供了一个简便、实用的估算公式     

坛紫菜紫外吸收物质类菌孢素氨基酸的世代差异特征

经济海藻坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)的生活史是异型世代交替的。坛紫菜不同世代所处的紫外辐射(UVR)环境差异很大,有必要研究不同世代在紫外辐射耐受机制方面的差异。以坛紫菜高产品系Z-61为材料,测定并分析了坛紫菜紫外吸收物质的世代差异,发现紫外吸收物质类菌孢素氨基酸(MAAs)在叶状体中的含量是丝状体的6倍。还克隆获得了两条MAAs合成关键基因的全长序列,分别命名为PharoB-1和PharoB-2。通过系统进化树分析显示,PharoB-1和PharoB-2的编码蛋白分别与微藻和高等植物亲缘关系较近。两条基因在叶状体世代的表达水平均要显著高于丝状体世代,与坛紫菜MAAs含量的世代差异一致,这种差异可能与坛紫菜不同世代的紫外辐射环境直接相关。     

生境片断化对植物的遗传影响

生境片断化指大片连续的生境被分割成空间隔离的小生境的现象。通常认为，生境片断化使植物残遗种群由于经历随机遗传漂变和高水平的近交以及基因流的下降，而发生遗传侵蚀，遗传多样性下降，遗传结构改变，变得更加分化。但近期的研究证明，并不是所有的片断化事件都导致植物种群遗传变异丧失，且种群问的基因流甚至有可能增加了。片断化对植物种群的遗传作用还受到诸如世代长短的种间差异、片断化前的丰富度、有性和无性繁殖系统的多样性、种子库以及和传粉媒介及种子传播者的相互作用等的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to