CO偶联反应Pd/α-Al2O3催化剂失活的XPS研究

利用失活Pd/α Al2O3催化剂的X 光电子能谱(XPS)探讨了氨气引起Pd/α Al2O3催化剂失活的原因.分析认为氨分子在活性组分Pd2+上的竞争吸附阻碍了催化剂表面上CO偶联反应及活性组分Pd的氧化还原循环,导致催化剂活性下降.     

CO偶联反应Pd／α-Al2O3催化剂失活的XPS研究

利用失活Pd／α-Al2O3催化剂的X-光电子能谱(XPS)探讨了氨气引起Pd／α-Al2O3催化剂失活的原因．分析认为氨分子在活性组分Pd^2 上的竞争吸附阻碍了催化剂表面上CO偶联反应及活性组分Pd的氧化还原循环，导致催化剂活性下降。     

聚硅酸铝铁处理印染废水的研究

以硫酸铝渣为主要原料制备聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂并对其絮凝性能进行了研究.实验结果表明:处理蒽醌型分散黄染料时,铝、铁总浓度(简记为M)对脱色有重要影响,但铝、铁相对含量无显著影响;使用n(M)∶n(S iO2)=1.0、n(A l)∶n(F e)=1.0的聚硅酸铝铁,用量为每升1.0 mL,分散黄溶液pH 6~10时,脱色率为90%左右.处理工业印染废水,当聚硅酸铝铁n(M)∶n(S iO2)=1.0、n(A l)∶n(F e)=1.0~3.0,用量为每升2.0 mL时,脱色率达90%左右;与聚合氯化铝相比,聚硅酸铝铁在CODC r去除率方面有明显优势.采用透射电镜对处理工业印染废水的机理进行了探讨.     

铜铈催化剂上CO选择性氧化反应研究

采用浸渍法制备出4种不同质量分数的Cu-Ce-O/-γA l2O3催化剂并用于富氢气体中CO的选择性氧化反应,研究发现以40%Cu-Ce-O/-γA l2O3催化剂活性较好.向其中掺杂钌的1%Ru-Cu-Ce-O/-γA l2O3催化剂的低温活性有很大提高,而掺杂铂的1.5%Pt-Cu-Ce-O/-γA l2O3催化剂的高温活性有了很大的改善.     

碱处理法制备微孔-介孔ZSM-5分子筛及其在苯酚叔丁醇烷基化反应中的应用

首先,以微孔结构的ZSM-5沸石为前驱物,经碱液处理不同时间后与介孔模板剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)混合,水热处理后制备微孔-介孔ZSM-5分子筛,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、Fourier变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、N2吸附-脱附和透射电镜(TEM)等方法表征微孔-介孔ZSM-5分子筛的理化性质.其次,将微孔-介孔ZSM-5分子筛作为苯酚叔丁醇烷基化反应的催化剂,利用苯酚转化率与2,4-二叔丁基苯酚的选择性测试所得材料的催化性能.结果表明:碱处理1h可获得微孔和介孔复合较好的ZSM-5,且该催化剂具有较好的苯酚叔丁基化催化性能,苯酚的转化率最高为86.2%,大分子2,4-二叔丁基苯酚的选择性可达57.9%.     

CH_4,CO_2催化氧化制合成气催化剂的性能研究

通过对催化剂稳定性的考察并结合表征结果 ,研究了稀土Ce的添加对催化剂稳定性的影响以及催化剂失活的原因 .结果表明 ,稀土Ce在反应过程中存在着部分还原的变价过程 (Ce4 + →Ce3 + -e) ,其结果不但有效地抑制了催化剂的积炭 ,而且也阻滞了γ Al2 O3 在高温、水蒸气存在的反应条件下的相转移过程 ,增强了催化剂抗烧结能力 ,减少了催化剂表面积的损失 ,显著地提高了催化剂的稳定性 .BET ,XPS表征显示 ,经过较长时间反应的Ni Ce/Al2 O3 催化剂 ,其孔径分布的变化以及活性物种Ni和助剂Ce向体相的迁移或流失 ,有可能是造成该类催化剂活性逐步下降的主要原因     

催化湿式氧化处理高质量浓度苯酚废水

采用自制锰铈氧化物稀土催化剂间歇式反应釜催化湿式氧化(catalytic wet air oxidation,CWAO)处理高质量浓度苯酚废水,研究催化剂粒径、反应温度、系统氧分压、配水苯酚质量浓度、催化剂投加量、配水pH值等参数对湿式氧化处理效果的影响.研究表明,催化剂粒径>200目时基本消除CWAO反应内扩散传质影响,较低温度下(100℃)CWAO可基本完全氧化处理苯酚废水,氧分压的提高仅加快了CWAO的反应进程,CWAO反应产生抑制与催化剂投加量和配水苯酚质量浓度之比相关,弱酸性条件最适于CWAO反应.催化剂失活的机理在于催化剂表面积碳.     

纳米Pd催化剂的制备及其催化苯酚加氢反应

采用浸渍法制备多孔离子共聚物(PICP)负载的纳米Pd催化剂(Pd/PICP),考察Pd/PICP对苯酚选择性加氢反应的催化性能。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X线衍射仪(XRD)和N2吸附-脱附分析仪等对催化剂进行表征,同时考察催化剂载体、反应溶剂和反应时间对苯酚加氢反应活性的影响。结果表明:Pd/PICP催化剂Pd颗粒粒径为2 nm左右,具有较大的比表面(635 m2/g)和孔体积(1.41 mL/g),在苯酚的还原反应中表现出较高的活性和选择性。在0.1 MPa H2下,n(Pd)∶n(苯酚)=1∶200,反应温度353 K,反应10 h,苯酚的转化率达到99%,环己酮的选择性达到97%,同时催化剂反复使用5次活性几乎没有降低。     

Ni-B/SiO2非晶态催化剂在二硝基苯催化加氢合成苯二胺中的应用

对N i-B/S iO2非晶态催化剂在二硝基苯加氢制苯二胺反应中的催化活性进行了研究。研究表明,该催化剂具有很高的催化活性,性能优于R aney N i催化剂,转化率可以达到100%,选择性达到98.6%,晶化导致催化剂失活。载体能提高催化剂的分散度,使催化剂的活性比表面积增大。     

非贵金属催化剂上CO去除研究(英文)

系统地比较了CuO/ZrO2,CuO/MnO2,CuO/CoO和CuO/CeO24种催化剂体系对重整气体中CO选择性氧化反应的活性,采用TPR,XRD和SEM等方法考察了催化剂的还原特性及不同Cu,Ce含量对CuO/CeO2还原性能的影响.实验结果表明:除了CuO/ZrO2催化剂之外,其它催化剂中CuO与CoO、CeO2或者MnO2之间存在相互作用,导致催化剂的还原温度降低.CuO/ZrO2催化剂显示较差的催化活性,而CuO/CeO2催化剂的活性较高,其中CuO(x=10%)/CeO2催化剂在140℃和160℃下具有较高的CO转化率和选择性,V=9%水蒸气的加入降低了CuO/CeO2催化剂的反应活性和选择性。SEM测试发现新鲜和失活后的CuO(x=10%)/CeO2表面形貌变化较大,这可能是催化剂失活的原因之一.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.