安宁河断裂带显微构造及动力学的研究

四川西部安宁河断裂带是南北向长达600km的深断裂带,属岩石圈断裂,具长期发育的历史。断裂带的构造岩以糜棱岩和碎裂岩为主。构造岩中石英和云母塑性变形清楚,绝大多数长石表现为脆性变形。断裂显示了压性和压扭性特征。透射电镜研究,其差应力为110～130MPa,应变速率在10~(-13)s~(-1)数量级。该断裂属脆-韧性剪切带。     

彭灌断裂带的构造特征

讨论了彭灌断裂带的宏观及微观变形特征。宏观构造、显微构造特征反映出该断裂带为一条脆性逆冲推覆断裂，其变形机制主要为碎裂作用。断层主要产于中生代地层之中，并有叠置的推覆岩片夹于其中，主要活动时期是在喜马拉雅期。     

甘肃省西沟金矿床地质特征及找矿方向

西沟金矿位于塔里木板块、敦煌地块北缘、磁海-红柳园-白山堂晚古生代陆内裂谷带内的旧井-金庙井南断裂带东段北侧,金矿化严格受该断裂带次级断裂控制。矿石类型以碎裂蚀变岩型金矿石和石英脉型金矿石为主,金的赋存状态主要为粒间金和裂隙金。围岩蚀变以褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化、硅化为特征。变砂岩、断裂构造、中酸性侵入岩是控制矿床的基本条件,断裂构造相互交接处的破碎蚀变带与化探异常发育部位是找矿的有利地段。     

低孔隙岩石中断裂带内部结构及与油气成藏

通过大量的野外露头资料,研究低-非孔隙性岩石内断裂变形机制及形成断裂带内部结构,分析断裂对非常规油气富集的控制作用.研究结果表明:低-非孔隙性岩石内断裂变形机制为破裂作用、碎裂作用和碎裂流作用,分别形成初角砾岩、角砾岩和碎裂岩以及超碎裂岩,前3类断层岩渗透性相对较高,多为流体运移的通道.不同岩性地层内形成的断裂带结构有共性也有差异,共同特征是:伴随位移增加,断裂带逐渐从“一元”结构向“二元”结构发展,一旦大规模断层泥形成,变形集中在断层核上,破碎带宽度不再明显增加.不同的是演化模式的差异,碳酸盐岩压溶作用明显,伴随大量压溶缝形成和生长连接,最终演化成断裂.火山岩特别是凝灰岩中,开始发生断裂变形不形成破碎带,而是先形成断层核.超固结泥岩形成的断裂带开始渗透性增强,伴随断层泥产生,渗透率又会接近母岩.这种差异可能造成断层封闭模式演化及油气富集规律的差异.仅发育破碎带小规模断层、无内聚力的断层角砾岩、碎裂岩以及具有连续断层核的破碎带为典型的高渗透性断层,对非常规储层油气充注起到重要的作用.断层核渗透性决定断层封闭类型及油气富集模式,高渗透性断层核本身不具有封闭能力,主要靠岩性对接封闭,油气通常富集在区域性盖层之下且主要富集在断裂的下盘.低渗透断层核具有很强的封闭能力,油气在两盘均可以富集.破碎带由于大量裂缝发育,成为非常规油气富集的“甜点”区,有些致密气和页岩气富集区沿着断层呈条带状分布.     

郯庐断裂带南段及邻区中、新生代盆地的反转机制

郯庐断裂带南段及邻区中、新生代盆地的反转构造主要包括盆地边缘的逆掩断层、盆地旁侧的碎裂岩带、盆地内部的楔形冲断体以及地层褶皱和底部砾岩被掩盖。靠近郯庐断裂带西侧的反转构造 ,主要受郯庐断裂带的控制 ,多为在该断裂基础上发育的斜向逆冲断层。郯庐断裂带东侧盆地 ,以 NE向线状排列为主要特征 ,它们斜交郯庐中断裂带。这些盆地的北缘被由 N→ S逆掩的隆升地块所掩盖。研究区盆地反转构造开始于老第三纪的早期 ,中、晚期为反转构造活动的强盛时期。太平洋板块相对于欧亚大陆的俯冲 ,使得大型的晚白垩世盆地解体 ,形成线状楔形冲断块和线形盆地相间排列的构造结局。同时 ,第三系在其山前堆积而成。     

歧口凹陷隐性断裂带特征及其对油气聚集的控制作用

隐性断裂带(断裂趋势带)是指盆地沉积盖层内发育的弱变形(隐蔽性较强)构造带,属于断裂带形成演化早、中期阶段的产物,由于缺乏明显的断裂面(带)和显著的位移而难以识别。在对苏北盆地、渤海湾盆地隐性断裂带研究基础上,于歧口凹陷识别出基底断裂走滑型隐性断裂带,并分析其特征、形成机制、控藏作用等。该断裂趋势带其自南向北可以分3个区段:南段基底断裂与盖层断裂体系直接连接构成花状构造;中段古近系的花状构造终止于沙二段,新近系仅发生挠曲变形,成为东西侧不同构造单元、南北部不同构造特征的平衡点;北段新近系发育的花状构造深部收敛于古近系的重力滑脱断层,基底断裂通过影响滑脱断层控制盖层断裂体系。研究结果表明,古近系基底断裂扭动作用主要以直接传递、调节传递、间接传递等3种方式控制影响盖层中隐性断裂带的形成。深部隐伏断裂切入基底,有利于热作用传递而促进烃源岩成熟;盖层中的隐性断裂带控制了沉积体系和隐蔽性圈闭的形成和分布;隐性断裂带的观点丰富了构造地质学理论,为油气勘探提供了新认识。     

滇西保山地体东缘断裂带变形特征及运动学意义

在遥感图像解译和野外构造剖面测量基础上,通过断裂控盆控岩特点、断裂带宏观特征、构造岩组、显微构造研究,结合地球物理测量、地质年代学成果和断裂、褶皱和磨拉石盆地的组合特征,较全面论证了:(1)昌宁-营盘、柯街、勐波罗河、大桥四条断裂带是保山地体东缘主要断裂带;昌宁-营盘、柯街、勐波罗河三条断裂带是华力西期控盆控岩的正断层,在中-新生代,反转为逆冲推覆;大桥断裂带是中-新生代形成的盖层逆冲推覆断裂带.(2)保山地体东缘四条主要断裂带,在中-新生代[(71.6±1.1)Ma～32.1 Ma],皆具逆冲挤压兼微弱走滑的地质特征和单轴压缩的岩组特征,所显示的古构造应力场均为东西向挤压,表明其经历了统一应力场下的变形,反映了表壳岩层自西向东滑动推覆的运动学特征.(3)昌宁-营盘断裂带为深切至沉积盖层之下的断面西倾的铲形低角度断层,既构成保山地体与临沧地体的边界断裂,也构成弧形推覆褶皱带的主逆冲推覆断裂.(4)保山地体东缘,在中-新生代,表壳岩层具由西向东滑动的运动学特征,是一个中-新生代[(71.6±1.1)Ma～32.1 Ma]弧形褶皱-推覆造山带.     

青藏高原东缘安宁河断裂带中-新生代构造变形及其磁组构特征

安宁河断裂带是青藏高原东缘大型走滑断裂系鲜水河-小江断裂系重要组成部分,演化历史悠久,构造变形复杂。为了进一步理清青藏高原东缘安宁河断裂带中-新生代构造变形,文中通过详细的野外构造观察与解析并结合构造岩磁组构对安宁河断裂带进行精细的构造变形研究,厘定了安宁河断裂中-新生代构造变形序列及其变形特征。结果表明中生代安宁河断裂带先后经历了印支晚期NEE-SWW向挤压作用下的早期具有左行走滑特征的韧性剪切和晚期韧-脆性密集劈理化构造变形过程以及晚中生代近E-W向挤压作用下形成的低角度韧-脆性剪切三期构造变形过程;构造岩磁组构样品的平均磁化率具有强、弱磁化率2种特征,且构造岩具有磁面理较磁线理发育的特征,磁化率椭球体以压扁型为主,构造强应变特征明显;最小磁化率主轴呈NEE-SWW向,即中生代早期的韧脆性变形受到了NEE-SWW向的挤压作用,但运动学分析结果反映出了后期叠加改造的特征。新生代安宁河断裂带整体经历了NWW-SEE向挤压作用下以左行走滑为主的具有自西向东扩展特征的三幕挤压走滑和两幕斜张走滑构造变形过程,奠定了安宁河断裂带现今两堑夹一垒的构造地貌。这为深入认识和恢复川滇南北构造带及其青藏高原东缘的形成演化过程奠定了基础。     

青海东昆中岩浆弧带侵入岩体中金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

近年来青海东昆仑成矿带发现了新的金成矿类型,金矿体主要赋存于东昆中岩浆弧带中酸性侵入岩体内的构造蚀变破碎带中。为了查明此类金矿床的成因,从矿床形成的地质特征、矿体特征及矿体与构造、岩浆活动的关系等方面进行分析,说明金矿体的容矿围岩为华力西期、印支期闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和花岗岩,北西向和北东向断裂为主要的控矿、容矿构造,成矿流体沿断裂带的裂隙系统中运移至减压部位成矿,在脆性剪切部位形成构造蚀变岩型金矿体。矿体成因属于构造蚀变岩型,具有较大的找矿空间。     

阿尔金山走滑断裂构造样式

该文认为,阿尔金山走滑断裂构造是一巨型左行左列走滑断裂兼逆冲推覆和韧性剪切性质的断裂构造带。走滑断裂带叠覆区发育拉分盆地。走滑断裂带旁侧拉张区形成火山岩带、拉张盆地及相应的弧形构造;挤压区形成弧形构造及相应的挤压-拉张盆地。中新生代以来,走滑断裂带最大水平位移量为550km。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-