新时期女性写作策略中的误区

新时期女性写作已成为不可忽视的文学现象，女性作家在消解男性中心话语的过程中进行了多种尝试，然而皆不尽如人意。本文从女性写作解构策略出发，按照出走、回来、再次探索的顺序，逐一分析了各种解构策略中的不足及产生这些不足之处的原因。     

九十年代的“个人化写作”小说分析

二十世纪随着妇女解放运动的深入发展,西方女权主义理论的影响下,中国的女性文学逐步发展起来了。以林白、陈染等为代表的"个人化写作"小说,采用迥异于男性写作的新女性话语,对传统的男性写作进行了彻底的颠覆。其实"个人化写作"的小说,说到底就是用女性自己的视角去表现女性自己价值需求的文学。从现代价值观角度来看,是合理的。但是"个人化写作"小说,在写人的本性、欲望的时候,不能丧失其蕴含的社会、文化的内涵和意义。     

从海男的《裸露》看中国当代女性写作的困惑

中国当代女性文学进入九十年代后经历了一次发展的高潮阶段。但是仍然是倍受评论界和男性话语中心的非议和抵制。文章通过海男的小说《裸露》来探讨当代女性写作的困惑,从裸露的出发点、男性对裸露的摧毁以及裸露的终点三个方面来探究女性写作遭遇尴尬的深层原因,并指出一条“人的文学”的发展方向。     

试论张洁小说女性意识的嬗变

在20世纪末的女性作家中,张洁的小说基本上代表了时下女性文学的崭新面貌。女性意识始终是小说的一个精神主体。随着张洁创作的日益精深,其小说的女性意识也在不断地发生着变化,这种变化主要体现在女主人公形象的日益提升和男性形象日益衰落上,对女性文学做出了自己的独特的贡献。     

论文学经典的主体性

论述了文学经典的主体性,整理了文学经典这种说法的来源,认为经典超越了死亡和时间,具备自己的主体性。女性主义批评强调写作的政治性,研究文学和批评的社会与文化语境,向传统文学史和美学概念提出挑战,女性主义文学对以男性为中心的传统文学进行审视,要求拓宽西方文学经典的范畴。文学经典超越了意识形态,具备独一无二的主体性。     

对女性命运本体的追问——重读王安忆《我爱比尔》

王安忆强调写作不是流水浮云 ,需要对生活的思考和沉淀 ,她以一部部作品实践着自己对文学的认识 ,而在这些作品中潜藏的重要线索则是其对女性命运本体的追问式的探索与思考 ,这种追问贯穿了王安忆写作的始终 ,《我爱比尔》就是其中具有代表性的一篇。王安忆通过这篇小说告诉世人 ,政治或经济的解放与平等并没有使女性走出社会边缘角色 ,她们仍然依附着男性 ,仍然在心理和精神上附属于男性。王安忆在《我爱比尔》中充分展示了其前期对人生、对女性命运思索的伸发以及追问精神。     

突围与陷落——当代女性"个人化写作"的困境

以陈染、林白为代表的当代女性"个人化写作",在女性话语模式和女性欲望的书写上,突破了女性作为人的主体意识与本能欲望被强大的男权中心社会意识、叙事语体所覆盖的局面,挣脱男性话语无所不在的桎梏,挑战男权文化。然而女作家们在"私人空间"中的"身体书写",在对男性社会性别角色进行大胆的反抗、突围的同时,也在自身的局限中,无可奈何地陷落于男权文化的陷阱。     

对主体文化的妥协与篡改——谈维多利亚时代女性写作的兴起

英国的维多利亚时代是男女性别角色界定严重两极分化的时代，是谈性色变的时代。这个时代的主体文化价值对女性的期待都是理想的“永恒的女性”，女性的社会角色大多被局限于家庭。但随着浪漫主义思潮引发的对个性化和想象力的推崇在一定程度上解放了女性思维的禁锢，维多利亚时代小说的兴起也提供给了女性作家可以接近的文体，所以女性写作在这个特定的社会转型时代兴起，在一定程度上修改了男性文本中不真实的女性形象。此时的女性写作大都采取了表面上与主体文化妥协实则篡改的方式，虽然这种篡改有时候只是悄悄的、隐蔽的努力。     

新时期维吾尔文学婚恋叙事中女性形象的变迁——以小说为中心

与汉语文学相同,新时期以降,维吾尔族当代文学同样迎来了繁荣期。由于信仰、传统、民俗的特殊性,其小说对女性的书写往往包含在婚恋叙事中。随着时代的变迁、社会的发展和意识的改观,叙事中女性形象的书写也发生了变化,其中较为突出的包括自我意识的觉醒,形象群的多样化和女性作为女性作者的“看”和男性作者的写作对象时,“被看”的角度的变化。     

李清照词的性别跨越与坚守

李清照以超凡的思力与才华超越了男性强加于女性的性别意识,在词学理论上有睥睨前辈、独树一帜的胆魄,在生活和文学创作中也表现出神骏自傲的人生意气,但这种跨越最终是为了更好的坚守自己的性别经验,这种对女性经验的坚守,开掘了被男性文化遮蔽的女性文学、文化的幽深内涵,建构属于女性自己的话语系统和文学谱系,同时也极大的丰富了男性文学传统。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.