辽河东部凹陷北部古近系输导体系及其对油气运移的影响

依据沉积体系、断层及其活动期次、不整合特征等分析结果,探讨了辽河东部凹陷古近系输导体系特征及其对油气运移的控制作用。研究结果表明,研究区发育连通砂体、断层和不整合3种输导体系。砂体的连通性与孔渗性、断层两盘岩性配置关系与断层活动性、不整合类型、不整合面上下岩性配置关系是影响输导体系运移效率的主要因素。分析了输导体系对油气运移的控制作用,认为沙一、二段和沙三段的连通砂体是油气横向运移的主要通道,牛青断层和茨东断层是沙一、二段和沙三段油气侧向运移的通道,更是沙一、二段和东营组重要的油源断层;沙一、二段与沙三段之间的不整合是茨榆坨潜山及牛居构造中油气重要的横向运移通道。同时还指出,各类输导体系之间的配置关系决定盆地的整体运移效率,茨东断层和牛青断层在整个输导体系中起重要的瓶颈作用。     

准噶尔中部4区块侏罗系油气输导体系与油气成藏关系

准中4区块侏罗系油气藏具有混源、多期充注的特征,而断层和砂体复合形成的断层-砂体输导体系对油气的运移与聚集起到重要的控制作用。利用地质、测井、地震等资料刻画输导体系类型及分布特征,明确优势输导体系及其对油气分布和成藏模式控制作用。结果表明：具备强输导能力(断层输导有效性评价系数小于3.5、启闭系数大于1)并沟通烃源岩层与储层的油源断裂为垂向输导通道,砂地比大于30%的部分连通和完全连通砂体为油气横向运移通道;优势输导体系为强输导断层汇聚面与连通砂体构造凸面脊,控制了油气分布;综合输导体系演化和油气充注过程建立混源供烃-两期充注-断砂复合输导油气成藏模式,第一期成藏期为断层和砂体共同输导至三工河组与头屯河组,而第二期成藏期断层为主要输导通道,垂向输导至头屯河组。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘风城组含油气系统三叠纪末期油气输导体系

对准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠纪末期的压实驱动型成藏动力系统进行了研究。研究结果表明，根据输导格架(连通砂体、不整合面、断裂等)空间上的配置关系和相互组合形式，探讨了压实驱动型成藏动力系统油气输导体系特征，划分出3种输导体系类型，确定了其分布范围。乌-夏地区油气是通过断裂-砂体输导体系进行运移；克拉玛依及其斜坡区域的油气是以连通砂体-不整合面为主要输导体系；百口泉地区、凹陷内部的油气以连通砂体为主要输导体系。该区三叠纪末期油气主要沿夏子街地区砂体-断裂输导体系运移，油气分布与输导体系密切相关。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘风城组含油气系统三叠纪末期油气输导体系

对准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠纪末期的压实驱动型成藏动力系统进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,根据输导格架(连通砂体、不整合面、断裂等 )空间上的配置关系和相互组合形式 ,探讨了压实驱动型成藏动力系统油气输导体系特征 ,划分出 3种输导体系类型 ,确定了其分布范围。乌夏地区油气是通过断裂砂体输导体系进行运移 ;克拉玛依及其斜坡区域的油气是以连通砂体不整合面为主要输导体系 ;百口泉地区、凹陷内部的油气以连通砂体为主要输导体系。该区三叠纪末期油气主要沿夏子街地区砂体断裂输导体系运移 ,油气分布与输导体系密切相关     

准北缘哈山地区斜坡带网毯式油气成藏规律

综合利用露头、钻井、岩心和地震资料,对断层、不整合、砂体的输导能力进行评价,认为南部乌夏断裂带大断裂及其伴生断裂是研究区的油源断裂,为油气由深部向浅部垂向运移提供了重要通道;八道湾组和清水河组砂岩厚度大,泥质隔层少,横向连通性好,成岩作用弱,物性好,为油气横向运移的通道;不整合面上部的近物源底砾岩,分选差、物性差,对油气的横向输导作用不大.深浅2套断裂、上下2套毯状砂层匹配构成了研究区高效的网毯式输导格架.综合分析构造背景、输导体系、储层岩性-物性与含油性关系,提出了"断-毯-梁"三因素控藏的认识.断裂(油源断层、油藏断层)控制油气聚集层位,毯状输导砂体控制平面分布,鼻状构造背景控制相对聚集,储集层岩性、物性控制富集程度.成藏体系分析,建立了宽缓斜坡带源外沿梁网毯式输导成藏模式,指出毯内断层遮挡的断块圈闭、砂体上倾尖灭岩性圈闭、地层超覆圈闭和次级断裂沟通的毯上砂体构造-岩性圈闭、岩性圈闭为最有利的勘探目标.     

辽东湾地区油气运移输导体系特征及意义

砂体、断层、不整合面是辽东湾地区油气运移的基本要素,它们之间相互配合形成三类油气运移输导体系。以断层为垂向运移通道的油气藏常在断层带附近多层叠置,且断层多具有同生性质     

南堡凹陷东一段油气运移输导通道及对成藏的控制作用

摘要：为了确定南堡凹陷东一段油气运移输导通道及其在油气成藏中的控制作用,在油藏精细解剖基础上分析了油气分布与源岩之间的空间匹配关系,开展了南堡凹陷东一段油气输导特征的研究,结果表明：南堡凹陷东一段油气运移输导通道主要有2种,一种是油源断裂的垂向输导通道,将沙三段或沙一段---东三段源岩生成的油气运移至东一段。另一种是砂体的侧向输导通道,将侧向分流至东一段的油气侧向运移至油源断裂附近的正向构造上聚集成藏。油气运移输导通道对油成藏与分布有3个主要的控制作用：①油源断裂垂向输导为东一段油气运移成藏提供了油源;②砂地比大于20%的区域是东一段油气聚集的有利区域;③油源断裂附近的正向构造是为东一段油气聚集的有利部位。     

惠民南部地区油气运移通道组合类型及其成藏作用

根据油气单一运移通道特征,建立惠民凹陷南部地区油气运移通道组合类型,并系统总结其成藏作用.结果表明:惠民凹陷南部地区主要发育连通砂体、断层及不整合3种油气运移通道,形成了砂体—断层—砂体、砂体—断层—不整合和砂体—不整合3种组合类型;这些组合类型不仅控制了油气运移模式,发育反“Z”字型输导运移模式、阶梯状输导运移模式等,而且控制了油气空间分布特征;砂体—断层—不整合型和砂体—不整合型决定曲堤地区油气具有“多层系分布、油气藏类型多样、运移距离远”的特征;单一的砂体—断层—砂体组合类型决定钱官屯地区油气具有“单层系分布、油气藏类型单一、运移距离近”的特点.     

松辽盆地尚家油田油气输导体系及特征

分析尚家油田扶余杨大城子及葡萄花油层油气输导体系,发现油田主要存在断裂简单型输导体系及断裂与砂体组合复合型输导体系.空间构造形态控制油气的运移方式,正向构造脊线是三肇凹陷青山口组生成的油气向尚家地区侧向运移的主要通道和聚集场所;输导体系与油气成藏各种控制因素在时间上的合理匹配决定了尚家油田油气的聚集成藏.断层型输导体系输导能力的变化具有周期幕式特征,而断裂与砂体组合输导体系的输导能力主要受控于断裂与砂体的对接模式及砂体自身的输导能力.在尚家油田同向断层与砂体组合模式及反向断层与砂体组合模式中的连续型和错接型组合模式具备侧向的输导能力,而反向断层与砂体组合模式中的离散型不具有侧向输导能力.通过有效通道空间系数的计算及各油层组油显示层段的统计结果证实,尚家油田在扶余油层中扶一油层组砂体侧向输导能力强,杨大城子油层中杨一油层组砂体侧向输导能力强.     

油气沿断裂走向运移研究

依据断层活动性、断裂走向联井测线资料、断裂带内部结构及其与砂体的匹配关系、油藏分布特征等对惠民凹陷唐庄 肖庄地区油气沿断裂走向运移进行研究,并通过地球化学特征对运移路径的评价结果进行佐证.研究结果表明:断裂是具有一定体积和复杂内部结构的三维地质体,是油气运移的重要通道,油气在断裂纵向、横向和走向上均具有运移分量;油气沿断裂走向运移方式可分为断裂内部输导脊运移和砂体-断裂输导脊运移;断裂活动的不同时期,油气沿断裂走向运移分别以不同的输导方式为主且是逐渐过渡的,断层活动期、静止初期或短暂静止期以断裂内部输导脊运移为主,长期静止时通过砂体 断裂输导脊运移为主.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.