杨小舟蛾的发生规律

采用林间调查、灯诱成虫和室内饲养等方法,研究了杨小舟蛾的发生、发展与气候及环境因子的关系。结果表明:日平均气温的变化直接影响了杨小舟蛾卵、幼虫和蛹的生长、发育及越冬代成虫的日羽化量;此类害虫喜爱干燥的生长环境,降雨量偏多不利于害虫的生长、发育,但有利于颗粒体病毒病的发生,因此暖冬和干旱高温的气候极易导致此虫猖獗成灾;赤眼蜂、颗粒体病毒和黑棒啮小蜂等是此虫的重要天敌,对害虫具有一定的控制作用。     

基于Schmidt-Appleman标准的中国地区凝结尾数值模拟分析

为了解中国地区凝结尾发生的时空分布特征和环境特征,按照Schmidt-Appleman标准,建立凝结尾发生模型,并基于中国大气探空数据,统计分析了2001～2017年中国地区凝结尾特征。结果表明,近年来凝结尾的发生数量呈增长趋势,其与年平均湿度呈正相关,相关系数达0. 96;大兴安岭地区、陕北地区、青海东南和川北地区以及天山地区是中国凝结尾高发地区,华南地区是凝结尾发生数量最少的地区;凝结尾发生数量季节差异明显,春夏多,秋冬少;凝结尾发生时环境的平均温度为-35. 2℃,平均湿度为50. 4%。高度7 000～12 000 m范围内凝结尾发生数量占总次数的79. 5%;凝结尾在不同高度层发生的概率不同,调整航空器的飞行高度层,可使凝结尾发生数量平均减少24. 9%。     

棉铃虫发育的温度效应及其防治

1967年～1968年在保加利亚西南部进行的实验室研究和田间调查,测定了温度对棉铃虫发育的影响及棉铃虫的防治效果。在这个地区,一年发生三代和不完整的四代,蛹期越冬,在实验室,日平均温度为20.66、27.94和35.2℃,相对湿度为76.4%、75.8%和75%时,卵期分别为8、5和3天;幼虫在日平均温度为20.09、27.06和35.2℃,相对湿度为76.2%、75.9%和75.6%时,完成发育的时间分别为41、24和18天。在田间,日平均温度为18.2℃时,幼虫期约为45～47天。在1968年,第一代幼虫于4月15～16日在番茄上发现,当时的日平均温度为16.4℃。     

中国地区凝结尾数值模拟分析

为了解中国地区凝结尾发生的时空分布特征和环境特征,按照Schmidt–Appleman标准,建立凝结尾发生模型,并基于全国大气探空数据,统计分析了2001年至2017年中国地区凝结尾特征。结果表明,近年来凝结尾的发生数量呈增长趋势,其与年平均湿度呈正相关,相关系数达0.96;大兴安岭地区、陕北地区、青海东南和川北地区以及天山地区是中国地区凝结尾高发地区,华南地区是凝结尾发生数量最少的地区;凝结尾发生数量季节差异明显,春夏多,秋冬少;凝结尾发生时环境的平均温度为-35.2℃,平均湿度为50.4%。高度7 000 m至12 000 m范围内凝结尾发生数量占总次数的79.5%;凝结尾在不同高度层发生的概率不同,调整航空器的飞行高度层,可使凝结尾发生数量平均减少24.9%。     

金纹细蛾的生物学特性及防治研究

金纹细蛾在河北冀东地区一年发生 5代 ,以蛹越冬 ,主要以幼虫潜食植物叶肉为害。各代成虫发生盛期分别为 :越冬代 4月 15～ 18日 ;第一代 5月 2 3～ 2 8日 ;第二代 6月 2 2～ 7月 2日 ;第三代 7月 2 0日～ 8月5日 ;第四代 8月 16日～ 9月 4日。利用性诱剂防治金纹细蛾效果显著 ,5个诱扑器共诱雄虫 2 584 9头。利用树干注射器注射 4 0倍速灭杀丁防治效果达 53%。     

平和县一九七六年第一、二代三化螟蛾高峰日及灯下蛾量统计预报方法的探讨

平和县位于福建南部,年平均气温约为21℃,早稻的主要害虫三化螟一般一年发生4—5代,第二代螟虫发生量大,是预报重点。我们在一九七六年二月中旬,利用回归分析法、判别分析法、平稳时间序列线性外推法、训练迭代法、概率转移法等统计预报方法,对该县一、二代三化螟蛾的高峰日及灯下蛾量进行统计预报探讨,取得初步成果。第一代三化螟蛾高峰日预报为3月29日,实际发生于3月28日;第一代灯下娥量预报为轻发生年,数量在200只以下,实际发生63只;第二代蛾高峰日预报为5月26日,实际发生于5月27日;第二代灯下蛾量预报为轻发生     

上海地区分月扇舟蛾生物学特性和发生规律

对分月扇舟蛾在上海的生活史和发生规律进行了研究。结果表明:该虫在上海1年发生6~7代,世代重叠严重。该虫在上海地区以卵在枝干上越冬。分月扇舟蛾发生与气象因子、环境因子关系密切:与日平均气温、降水量呈极显著正相关;与林分郁闭度呈极显著负相关;与地被物呈极显著正相关。     

杨小舟蛾的生物学特性

杨小舟蛾是为害杨树人工林的主要食叶害虫，在江苏徐州１年发生５代，以蛹越冬，第一代是种群基数的积累阶段，第二代是种群数量的增殖阶段，第三、四代为成灾阶段。笔详细报道了该虫的年生活史、发育历期、生活习性和天敌情况等。     

庞泉沟自然保护区褐马鸡的家鸡代孵暨育雏初步研究

我们于1990—1993的3年间在庞泉沟自然保护区分别对褐马鸡的家鸡代孵暨育雏进行了初步研究.结果表明:整个孵化期为27.5(21.1—28.1)天,大致分为初期(1—9天),中期(10—20天),后期(21—28天).其受精率为68.5%,孵化率为56.3%.初期:孵化温度为39.30℃,湿度为69.60%,凉蛋温度(最低温度)为21.20℃,中期:孵化温度为38.45℃;后期:孵化温度为34.05℃,湿度为66.80%,凉蛋温度为21.00℃,孵化平均温度为37.27℃,平均温度为70.77%,凉蛋平均温度为23.30℃.育雏采用自然育雏与半人工育雏两种方法.自然育雏的平均密度为0.10—0.18只/米~2.初期日粮:10g蚂蚁卵1天,以后逐渐增加,育雏期为40天.半人工育雏:平均密度为4只/米~2,温度为50—60%,饮水为1/1000的青霉素温开水,喂食:2颗熟鸡蛋/天、只,以及不定量的小米、光照,1—3天24小时/100瓦,以后逐天减1小时到10小时,温度,第一周为34—35℃,以后2—3天降温1℃到恒温机制建立(14天左右),育雏期为45天.     

福清市冬春季温室大棚小气候变化规律研究

利用福清市绿丰农业发展有限公司温室大棚基地2016年1~5月大棚内外逐小时的温度、湿度资料和大棚外逐日的降水、日照资料,分析了温室大棚春、冬两季晴天、多云、阴天、阴雨天四种天气类型下棚内外温度、湿度的日变化规律和棚内外温湿度定量关系。结果表明,(1)春、冬两季不同天气类型下,棚内平均温度全天基本高于棚外,棚内气温日变化幅度大于棚外,棚内最低气温出现在6时左右,最高气温出现在14时前后;棚内湿度全天总体大于棚外,夜间大于白天,14时前后达到最小,湿度差中午前后相对较大。(2)春、冬两季棚内平均温度总体高于或接近棚外,4~5月棚内最低温度低于棚外。春季棚内外各天气型的平均温度和最高温度差值均以3月最大,两季棚内外最高温度差值和冬季平均温度差值基本按照晴天、多云、阴天、阴雨天的顺序依次降低,各天气类型下棚内外最低温度相差较小。(3)春、冬两季棚内平均相对湿度总体高于棚外,4~5月棚内最低湿度多低于棚外。春季各天气类型的平均湿度差值和阴天的最低湿度差值以3月为最大,冬季2月平均相对湿度、最低湿度的棚内外差值除阴雨天不超过5%以外,其余天气类型差值基本都在10%以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.