铝胁迫对大豆根际土壤酶的影响

研究了铝胁迫对大豆根际4种土壤酶(蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶)的影响．结果表明，不同铝处理对4种土壤酶都有明显的影响；在高铝胁迫下，4种酶的活性都下降，将大大降低土壤的能力；中等铝处理对4种酶的影响有所不同．3个大豆品种在铝对根际土壤酶影响上存在一定的基因型差异。     

大豆根系分泌物对根际土壤铝形态的影响

对19个大豆（Glycine max）品种进行了筛选试验,选择耐铝性不同的2个大豆品种（铝耐性品种：浙春2号和敏感品种：浙春3号）作为实验材料,设置5个铝处理水平和3个平行组（根际、非根际和外源根系分泌物组）,测定了大豆根系分泌物中柠檬酸的含量;在处理30d后用浸提法提取3种类型土样中的各种形态的铝并测定其含量,同时检测了相应土样的pH值变化．实验结果显示,铝胁迫下,耐铝品种浙春2号根系分泌大量的柠檬酸,比铝敏感品种浙春3号显著;随着铝处理量的增加,浙春2号根际土壤相对于非根际土壤而言,Al^3＋、（AIOH）^2＋、Al（OH）^2＋等形态铝的含量均有所降低,单聚体羟基铝（（Al0H）^2＋、Al（OH）^2＋）含量的降低尤为显著,而腐殖酸铝（HA-Al）的含量有所升高;外源根系分泌物组的实验结果和根际土壤组相似,显示出耐铝性大豆根系分泌物具有一定的铝毒缓解效应．实验结果还表明,根系分泌物对根系土壤具有一定的酸化作用,而铝的形态与pH值有直接的关系,所以根系分泌物对铝形态存在一定的间接影响．     

铝胁迫对油菜叶片光合特性的影响

目的研究铝对油菜叶片光合作用特性的影响。方法以油菜赣油杂1号、赣油杂2号、湘油杂3号等3个品种为材料,设置不同铝处理浓度,研究了铝对油菜叶片光合作用特性的影响。结果铝胁迫导致油菜叶片叶绿素a含量下降了2．8％～17％、叶绿素b含量下降了4-2％～17％,二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶（RuBPCase）活性下降了7％～28％,光合速率下降了6％～22％,根冠比下降了8％～35％。结论铝胁迫对油菜叶片光合作用产生了～定的抑制,且3个油菜品种对铝毒的反应存在一定的基因型差异。     

铝对大豆一些生长特性的影响

以2个大豆(Glycine maxMerrill.)品种华春18、浙春3号为材料,设置不同浓度的铝处理进行土培,研究铝对大豆主要生长特性的影响.结果表明:适量的铝处理对大豆生长具有一定的促进作用;高浓度铝会对大豆产生不利影响,阻碍大豆株高、茎粗、叶面积、比叶重的增长.2个品种比较,浙春3号抗铝胁迫的能力大于华春18.     

铝胁迫对油菜叶片光合特性的影响

目的 研究铝对油菜叶片光合作用特性的影响.方法 以油菜赣油杂1号、赣油杂2号、湘油杂3号等3个品种为材料,设置不同铝处理浓度,研究了铝对油菜叶片光合作用特性的影响.结果 铝胁迫导致油菜叶片叶绿素a含量下降了2.8%～17%、叶绿素b含量下降了4.2%～17%,二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBPCase)活性下降了7%～28%,光合速率下降了6%～22%,根冠比下降了8%～35%.结论 铝胁迫对油菜叶片光合作用产生了一定的抑制,且3个油菜品种对铝毒的反应存在一定的基因型差异.     

酸和铝胁迫对苦荞种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

以苦荞品种西荞1号为研究材料，设置不同pH值和铝离子浓度的培养液，研究酸和铝胁迫对苦荞种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明，随着pH值升高，苦荞种子的发芽势呈现上升趋势，但发芽率受pH值影响较小；相较于其他pH值，幼苗在pH值为3.5的溶液中生长发育受到显著抑制(P<0.05).与对照组相比，低浓度的铝离子溶液可以促进苦荞种子的发芽势，高浓度的铝离子溶液对发芽势无显著影响；随着铝离子浓度增加，对幼苗根部生长的抑制作用逐渐增强，对地上部生长的影响不显著.以上结果将为深入研究苦荞对酸和铝胁迫的生理机制提供参考.     

施钙处理对大豆铝毒缓解作用的研究

采用水培法,以抗铝毒大豆品种浙春2号、对铝毒敏感大豆品种浙春3号为研究材料,设置不同的铝．处理水平（0、50、150mg·L^-1）和钙处理水平（0、80、160、320mg·L^-1）,研究了不同质量浓度的钙处理对大豆铝毒的缓解作用．结果表明：在铝胁迫下,增加钙的供应可减轻铝对植物的毒害,显著削弱铝毒导致的植株生物量、根系活力、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量及过氧化物酶（POD）活性的下降,以及游离脯氨酸含量的上升,有效提高植株对铝胁迫的抗逆性．低水平的钙（80mg·L^-1）对低水平的铝处理有较为显著的缓解作用,高水平的铝处理则需高水平的钙（320mg·L^-1）才能达到较显著的缓解作用．2个大豆品种比较而言,钙对浙春2号的铝中毒具有更显著的缓解作用．     

四个水稻品种幼苗耐冷力比较

4个水稻品种的7d龄幼苗经过室内低温培养箱(温度0℃，光照)处理2d后，结果表明：琼农占4号、奇源占对冷胁迫反应敏感，表现在根系电解质泄漏显著增加、叶绿素含量和幼苗存活率下降。Ⅱ优128、广优4号的根系电解质泄漏和叶绿素含量变化少，幼苗成活率高，结果说明Ⅱ优128、广优4号的耐冷性较前两者强。此鉴定方法可靠可行、方便、快捷，可用于水稻品种抗冷性的鉴定。     

外源SNP对铝胁迫下大麦苗期根部生理及DNA损伤的影响

为探讨外源SNP对铝胁迫下大麦幼苗根部生理生化指标及DNA损伤的影响,采用含不同浓度SNP的营养液对Z17和GP两个品种的大麦进行水培,通过检测大麦幼苗根中SOD和POD活性、H2 O2和MDA含量及DNA模板变化,分析外源SNP对铝胁迫大麦幼苗的影响.结果表明,外源SNP能使Z17和GP两个品种大麦幼苗中的SOD和P...     

外源H_2S对冷胁迫引起的白菜幼苗氧化损伤的影响

硫化氢(H2S)是调节植物生长发育和胁迫响应的重要信号分子。研究了H2S对冷胁迫下白菜(Brassica rapapekinensis)幼苗生长状态和氧化胁迫的影响。结果显示:随着冷胁迫时间延长白菜幼苗生长趋势逐渐减弱,并且幼苗体内H2S主要生成酶(LCD、DCD和DES)编码基因表达上调,H2S产率提高。生理浓度H2S(硫氢化钠为供体)预处理后进行冷胁迫的白菜幼苗与单独低温处理组相比:H2O2含量、MDA含量和蛋白质羰基化(PCO)水平显著降低,即H2S预处理后白菜幼苗受到的氧化胁迫减弱,但在冷胁迫3d后抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)活性并未因为H2S的预处理而提高。这表明H2S预处理可以缓解冷胁迫引起的氧化损伤,减少胁迫对白菜幼苗造成的损害,促进冷胁迫下白菜幼苗的生长,而这种损伤的减少可能并不是通过激活抗氧化酶活性来起作用。     

不同油菜品种耐铝性比较研究

通过根长测量法和全株鲜重比较法鉴定了8个油菜材料的耐铝性。相关分析表明,油菜幼苗根的绝对长度和全株绝对鲜重之间呈极显正相关（R=0.4147)。方差分析表明,不同品种间、不同Al^3 浓度间油菜幼 苗根的绝对长度、相对长度、幼苗全株绝对鲜重、相对重量差异极显,不同品种和不同Al^3 浓度间交互作用不显。在8个油菜材料中,Pume平均单株绝对鲜重最低,但是平均相对重量居于第一位,平均单根绝对长度居于第二位,平均相对长度居于第三位;华杂4号平均单根绝对长度居于第五位,但是平均相对长度和平均绝对鲜重居于第一位,平均相对重量居于第二位。中油821平均单根绝对长度居于第一位,平均单株绝对鲜重居于第二位,但是平均相对长度居于倒数第二位,平均相对重量居于倒数第一位。     

苦楝叶乙醇浸提物对几种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以苦楝（Melia azedarach）叶乙醇浸提物处理大豆（Glycine mac）、水稻（Oryza stativa）、小麦（Triticum aes-tivum）及玉米（Zeamays）种子,观察浸提物对几种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,在62.5～1000μg/mL浓度范围内,浸提物对几种作物种子的萌发及幼苗生长具有一定的抑制作用,但对水稻和小麦的抑制作用较强,对玉米和大豆的抑制作用稍弱,在1000μg/mL浓度时,浸提物可完全抑制水稻和小麦种子萌发及幼苗的生长,而大豆和玉米的萌发率仍超过70%,对大豆幼苗的苗高和根长,玉米幼苗的苗高抑制作用均低于50%。     

Molecular mapping of QTLs for root response to phosphorus deficiency at seedling stage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Phosphorus (P) deficiency in the soil is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit plant growth and crop productivity throughout the world. Development of cultivars with improved P-deficiency tolerance is an efficient strategy for sustainable agriculture. Plant roots play an important role in crop growth and development, especially in nutrient uptake and improvement of P-efficiency. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for root traits and their response to low P stress at seedling stage will facilitate the development of P-efficient wheat cultivars. In this study, 30 QTLs (LOD>2.0) were mapped for the three root traits, such as root length, root number and root dry matter under different P supply conditions and their response to P-stress. These QTLs were distributed on 14 chromosomes, with each of the 5 QTLs explaining more than 10% phenotype variance. Analyses showed that root traits and their response to P-deficiency were controlled by different QTLs. In addition, alleles with positive effects were separated on both parents, and wheat cultivars with improved P-efficiency could be developed by accumulating these positive effect alleles together.     

Molecular mapping of QTLs for root response to phosphorus deficiency at seedling stage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Phosphorus (P) deficiency in the soil is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit plant growth and crop productivity throughout the world. Development of cultivars with improved P-deficiency tolerance is an efficient strategy for sustainable agriculture. Plant roots play an important role in crop growth and development, especially in nutrient uptake and improvement of P-efficiency. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for root traits and their response to low P stress at seedling stage will facilitate the development of P-efficient wheat cultivars. In this study, 30 QTLs (LOD>2.0) were mapped for the three root traits, such as root length, root number and root dry matter under different P supply conditions and their response to P-stress. These QTLs were distributed on 14 chromosomes, with each of the 5 QTLs explaining more than 10% phenotype variance. Analyses showed that root traits and their response to P-deficiency were controlled by different QTLs. In addition, alleles with positive effects were separated on both parents, and wheat cultivars with improved P-efficiency could be developed by accumulating these positive effect alleles together.     

铝浸种对小白菜种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

以2个小白菜品种南京长梗和抗热605为试验材料,研究了不同浓度铝浸种后种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的变化.结果 表明,10～5000μmol/L的铝浸种处理对2个小白菜品种的发芽率无明显影响.5000 μmol/L的铝处理显著降低了小白菜的发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数.种子萌发后,南京长梗和抗热605分别在100和1000 μ...     

Interaction between seed size and NaCl on germination and early seedling growth of some Turkish cultivars of chickpea （Cicer arietinum L.）

Chickpea is an important food legume crop of Turkey and is largely grown for human consumption on low moisture or salt-affected soils. The objective of the study was to find the effects of NaCl stress at electrical conductivities of 4.5, 8.6, 12.7 and 16.3 dS/m and seed sizes （7, 8 and 9 mm） on germination and early seedling growth of three popular chickpea cultivars （AKN-97, Gokce and Uzunlu-99）. Mean frequency of germination, germination time, germination index, root length, shoot length and seedling fresh weight showed seed size-dependent responses ofcultivars to salt stress. In general, small seeds germinated and grew more rapidly compared to medium and large seeds of the same cultivars against all levels of salt stress, with the best results in cultivar Uzunlu-99. No effect of NaCl treatments was observed on frequency of germination; however, a drastic decrease in early seedling growth was recorded at increased NaC1 concentrations. Regression analysis results showed a significantly positive relationship （P〈0.01） between seed size and mean germination time, whereas a significantly negative relationship was recorded between seed size and germination index, root length, shoot length. Moreover, linear regression values apparently confirmed that increased seed size in each cultivar affected decreased germination index, root and shoot lengths with enhanced mean germination time. Thus, it was concluded that the use of small seeds could considerably reduce the production costs of chickpea in salt-affected soils.     

根区温度胁迫对小麦抗氧化酶活性及根苗生长的影响

通过水培的方式研究了根区温度胁迫对小麦抗氧化酶活性及根系与幼苗生长影响.结果表明:(1)改变根区温度对小麦根系抗氧化酶活性有明显的影响,根区温度过高或过低对小麦根系POD和SOD活性都具有激活效应,但随胁迫时间的延长,胁迫对SOD活性转为抑制效应,SOD活性迅速下降,MDA含量明显增加.(2)高温胁迫主要是抑制小麦根系的生长,表现为根长、根重、根系活性吸收面积与总面积及根冠比均明显低于中温处理,而株高和地上重却略有上升.低温胁迫对小麦地上部的影响大于根系.(3)在根温胁迫逆境条件下,小麦根系不是被动忍受逆境胁迫,而是主动地通过调节根系活力、根系SOD及POD活性等生理代谢过程,以减缓逆境的伤害.     

Ca~(2+)对水稻幼苗生长的影响

对水稻幼苗进行不同水平Ca2 + 处理 ,结果表明 :缺钙和加 0 75～ 10 5mmol/LCa2 + 处理对水稻幼苗的株高无明显影响 ;缺Ca2 + 会降低水稻幼苗的根系活力、叶绿素含量和光合强度 ;加Ca2 + 能增加水稻幼苗根冠比和根系活力 ;加低浓度 ( 0 75～ 1 5mmol/L)Ca2 + 可增加水稻幼苗的干物重、叶绿素含量和光合强度 ,促进水稻幼苗生长 ;加高浓度 ( 5 5～ 10 5mmol/L)Ca2 + 则降低叶绿素含量和光合强度 ,对水稻幼苗生长产生抑制作用