基于动柔度法的车-线-桥垂向耦合振动分析

利用动柔度的思想建立高速铁路车辆-轨道-桥梁垂向耦合动力学频域模型。将车辆看作具有10自由度的多刚体系统,推导出车辆系统的动柔度;将钢轨看作无限长Timoshenko梁、轨道板简化为自由-自由的Euler梁、桥梁简化为简支Euler梁,扣件系统和CA砂浆层用线性弹性阻尼单元模拟,从而建立线-桥垂向动力相互作用系统,利用动柔度的思想求得线-桥垂向动力相互作用系统的动柔度;利用线性化Hertz接触理论,将车辆系统与线-桥垂向动力相互作用系统耦合成车-线-桥垂向耦合振动模型。分别求解单位简谐激励、轮轨几何粗糙度激励下的轨道系统和桥梁结构的动力学响应,最后结合虚拟激励法求解轨道谱激励下的轨道系统和桥梁结构的随机振动响应。研究结果表明:利用动柔度思想建立的频域车辆-轨道-桥梁垂向耦合动力学模型,具有逻辑清晰、求解快速的特点,能够直接求解系统在频域的动力学响应。     

新型柱板式高墩大跨度刚构桥车-桥耦合振动影响因素分析

以黄韩侯铁路线纵目沟特大桥为工程背景,建立车辆动力模型、桥梁有限元模型并考虑轮轨关系,以蛇形运动和轨道不平顺作为系统的自激激励源,利用大型有限元软件ANSYS以及UM动力学分析软件联合进行仿真分析.探讨桥梁结构刚度、行车速度、轨道不平顺以及货车编组情况等因素对新型柱板式高墩大跨度刚构桥梁车-桥耦合系统的影响.研究表明:桥梁横向刚度的减小对车-桥耦合系统的横向振动影响比较明显,对其竖向振动影响较小;桥梁竖向刚度的改变对车-桥耦合系统的竖向振动影响较为显著,对其横向振动影响较小;轨道不平顺的增加将导致车-桥耦合系统振动明显加剧;空载货车的横向稳定性较重载货车的弱,易发生脱轨事故.     

车致“站桥合一”大型客站的振动响应

针对高速列车通过"站桥合一"客站所引起的客站振动问题,探讨车致客站振动响应特点、车致振动传播规律和客站振动主要影响因素。首先,以天津西站站房结构为例,利用自主开发的计算分析软件TRBF-DYNA建立"站桥合一"客站的列车-轨道-客站耦合系统空间整体动力学数值模型,分别采用多刚体动力学方法建立31自由度车辆模型,采用三维有限元方法建立轨道-客站系统模型,采用可分离式的非线性赫兹接触模型模拟轮轨接触。最后,对不同工况下列车-轨道-客站耦合振动进行分析。研究结果表明:客站以竖向振动为主,沿着与线路垂直方向和楼层高度方向,车致振动在传播的过程中快速衰减;客站动力响应及列车行车安全性指标符合规范要求,表明我国现行"站桥合一"大型客站结构设计安全度较高。     

城市轨道交通列车-浮置板式轨道系统竖向振动模型

针对浮置板式轨道结构特点,取相邻2个扣件之间的轨道为1个轨段单元,钢轨视为连续弹性点支承Euler梁,浮置板视为弹性薄板,扣件系统及橡胶支座均模拟为线性弹簧及粘滞阻尼器,建立浮置板式轨道振动模型;将城轨列车中的车辆均离散为多刚体系统,各刚体之间通过线性弹簧及粘滞阻尼器相连,建立列车振动模型;将浮置板式轨道及列车振动势能叠加,得到系统竖向振动总势能：基于弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成系统矩阵的“对号入座”法则,建立此系统竖向振动矩阵方程;采用Wilson-θ逐步积分法求解此矩阵方程,得出此系统竖向振动响应。研究结果表明：采用浮置板式轨道振动模型计算的钢轨竖向位移为4．18mm。浮置板竖向位移为0．69mm,与已有研究结果吻合良好：城轨列车以速度60km／h在浮置板式轨道上运行时的系统竖向振动响应波形图符合物理概念,响应的量值反映了系统竖向振动的通常幅值。     

三线铁路预应力连续梁桥列车-桥梁时变系统空间振动分析

在列车-桥梁时变系统横向振动能量随机分析理论的基础上,采用26个自由度的列车空间振动模型,以考虑箱梁翘曲影响的空间梁单元模拟桥梁结构,建立多线铁路箱梁桥列车-桥梁时变系统空间振动分析模型,分别以构架人工蛇行波及前苏联规律性的竖向不平顺函数为横向及蛏向激振源,计算列车以不同车速通过桥梁的空间振动响应,并对该大桥的竖向横向刚度做出评价。研究结果表明：在各种不同列车、不同行车情况下,列车走行舒适性均在“良好”标准以上;该桥具有足够的横向（横向位移为6．36mm）和竖向刚度（竖向位移为131．25mm）。     

基于改进迭代模型的车-桥耦合系统竖向随机振动研究

采用改进的车-桥耦合系统迭代计算模型,建立了基于虚拟激励法(PEM)的列车-轨道-桥梁竖向随机振动分析模型.采用虚拟激励法将轨道不平顺精确地转化为一系列竖向简谐不平顺的叠加,并运用分离迭代法求解车-桥耦合系统振动方程.以CRH2高速列车通过5跨简支梁桥为例,对改进的车-桥耦合系统迭代计算模型的计算精度和效率进行了验证.结果表明:在保持与传统模型相同计算精度的前提下,改进模型能使计算效率提高5倍左右.通过对列车-轨道-简支梁桥竖向随机振动响应中确定性激励引起的均值和轨道不平顺引起的均方根进行分析可知:桥梁竖向位移主要受列车自重控制,轨道不平顺引起的桥梁竖向位移影响很小;桥梁和车体竖向加速度受轨道不平顺影响显著,改善线路条件能有效提高列车的乘车舒适性;同时,车速越高,桥梁和车辆随机响应的均方根越大,由轨道不平顺引起的耦合系统振动响应的离散度越大.     

车轨桥振动系统垂向模型和空间模型的比较

分别建立了车辆-轨道-桥梁系统的垂向耦合振动模型和空间耦合振动模型,并通过功率普密度得到轨道高低不平顺的时域模拟样本,以其作为激励,分析两种模型下车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合振动系统的振动响应。通过对比相同轨道高低不平顺激励下垂向振动模型和空间振动模型的垂向振动响应计算结果,分析了两种模型的优缺点和适用性。     

横风作用下的列车-轨道系统空间振动响应分析

基于列车-轨道系统空间振动分析理论,考虑横风作用,建立横风-列车-轨道系统空间振动分析模型。根据弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成系统矩阵的"对号入座"法则,建立此系统空间振动矩阵方程,并编制相应的计算机程序求解该方程。计算横风作用下的列车-轨道系统空间振动响应,研究不同类型铁路车辆振动响应及倾覆稳定性的差异,分析横风对此系统振动响应的影响规律。研究结果表明:罐车的稳定性最好,敞车次之,棚车最差;横风对车体横向位移、轮重减载率和倾覆系数有很大影响,对车体横向加速度、脱轨系数及横向平稳性指标影响不大。     

用板壳单元法对四孔地道桥的空间受力分析

地道桥在正常运营和顶进施工过程中的空间受力分析是设计地道桥的重要过程,从板壳元的有限元模型四节点平板薄壳矩形应力单元和弯曲单元出发,分析编制了地道桥分析主程序进行地道桥空间受力分析,通过算例与ANSYS6.1计算相比较,验证了程序的正确性,并由此计算了一四孔地道桥。     

跨座式单轨车轨耦合系统振动信号采集频率分析

针对跨座式单轨车轨耦合系统振动信号采集时,振动信号采集频率会对车轨耦合动力响应数据处理结果产生影响,利用有限元分析软件建立跨座式单轨车轨耦合系统模型,探究不同车速下车辆与轨道梁振动响应随振动信号采集频率变化的趋势,进而得出适宜于车辆与轨道梁振动信号采集频率范围。研究结果表明：若振动信号采集频率过低,会导致车轨耦合振动响应结果失真,采集频率过高,对结果的精度提高效果并不明显;车辆振动信号采集频率宜不低于200 Hz;轨道梁垂向、横向振动加速度信号采集频率最低值分别为600 Hz和1500 Hz,且车速越高,振动信号采集频率对轨道梁振动加速度结果准确性影响越大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the