日本竞技体育政策演变的历程、特征与启示

在加快推进体育强国建设和备战2020年东京奥运会的新时代背景下,探讨日本竞技体育政策演变的历程与特征,对于推动新时期竞技体育发展和奥运备战工作具有现实意义。研究认为不同政策导向下的日本竞技体育跨越了“脱亚入欧”期、快速崛起期、改革转折期、渐进复苏期、全面复兴期五个阶段,贯穿了以军事性、功利性、保守性、振兴性、争先性为中心的政策主导思想。日本竞技体育政策服务于不同时期国家发展战略和国家政治利益需要;打造了“一贯制”优秀竞技体育后备人才选拔、培养与保障体系;构建了科技、信息、医疗、训练、服务等“一体化”运动员援助体系;特定时期缺乏持续性,未处理好与大众体育协调发展的关系。提出拓宽我国竞技体育政策目标,服务于新时代国家利益新诉求;完善奥运备战援助政策,大力提升科技助力、运动员援助、训练参赛等科学化水平;健全适应中国国情的多元化、“一贯制”后备人才培养政策体系;强调政策的延续性和包容性,推动竞技体育持续发展和带动社会共同发展。     

人文与北京奥运的研究

众所周知,"绿色奥运"、"科技奥运"与"人文奥运"是北京在奥运会申办时就提出的理念。其中"绿色奥运"象征着清新绿色的国际大都市,"科技奥运"象征着强大的生产力和综合国力发展水平,而"人文奥运"包含着精神、文化和文明,同时也包含了绿色奥运和科技奥运的内涵,它是我国奥运理念的核心内容是一项重大的综合性战略和复杂的系统工程,可以说是北京奥运会的灵魂。因而,能否正确的理解好人文奥运精神理念对我们举办好这次奥运会具有十分重要的意义。     

从北京奥运会透析世界竞技体育格局发展现状

本文运用文献资料、数理统计、逻辑推理等方法,通过对北京奥运会的整体赛事进行深入分析,对北京奥运会后的世界竞技体育格局进行训练学特征分析,研究表明：中美领衔第一集团,世界竞技体育格局进入新时代;俄罗斯金牌榜第三引领第二集团,老牌强国稳中有降;下届奥运会举办国英国勇夺19金,位列金牌榜第四;德国奥运军团金牌虽多,传统优势项目整体表现不佳。     

东京奥运会周期我国射击项目前景展望

文章运用文献资料法、数理统计法和专家访谈法分析了国家射击队备战东京奥运会期间的赛事成绩、国家队管理制度以及国际射击格局,研究认为新的世界竞技射击格局下,国家射击队管理策略调整效果难以及时体现,传统射击强国不断变强的同时印度射击新生代辈出,是我国多个传统优势射击小项奖牌的强劲对手,连续两届奥运会成绩下滑的情况下奥运选拔办法却没有调整,国际国内赛事积分设置和选拔周期设置上存在一定的缺陷,国家射击队面临巨大压力和挑战。研究建议国家射击队备战应充分发挥科研团队的作用,主动向发展快速的射击强国学习,改进奥运会选拔制度,探索提高赛前竞技状态的方法,提高东京奥运会射击项目竞争力。     

从北京奥运会所获奖牌析我国竞技体育发展

通过对我国运动员在北京奥运会所获奖牌分析,发现我国竞技体育实力越来越强大,但和体坛霸主美国的差距仍然存在.田径、游泳、自行车等项目仍是我国竞技体育发展的瓶颈,能适宜于职业化和商业化的竞技体育项目有待发展和加强.女盛男衰现象仍然存在,但差距缩小.我国竞技体育发展区域失衡状况还将继续存在.     

第29届奥运会中国代表团奖牌榜名次分析

采用文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法,对参加29届奥运会各国体育代表团所获奖牌的结构数量、项目分布等指标进行分析,以期对下一轮次奥运周期目标定位、计划的制定与实施提供理论依据.研究表明,我国与美国同属第一集团,近期世界竞技体育的主导格局将是中、美两强争霸;基础项目实力不足,优势项目夺金增长空间不大,潜优势项目能否具有可持续发展的后劲,将直接影响我国竞技体育国际竞争力的进一步提升;部分世界级优势项目的实力表现与潜优势项目的高水平发挥造就了我国高水准的金牌奖牌比;男子选手的优异表现,一定程度上缓和了我国奥运竞技史上＂阴盛阳衰＂的现象.     

2008阳光绿色网络研讨会

由工业和信息化部、北京奥组委联合主办,中国通信学会承办的“迎奥运、促和谐——2008年阳光绿色网络研讨会”在北京举行。会议提出要助力“科技奥运”,扎实推进奥运会服务支撑和通信保障工作;要助力“绿色奥运”,努力营造和谐的网络环境;要抓住机遇,突出重点,做好奥运会期间的展示宣传。     

奥运会女子田径竞技实力演变特征研究

我国女子田径的发展是以世界女子田径这一大系统发展为前提的,因而把握世界女子田径发展特征有利于更准确的为我国女子田径发展指明方向。以26~29届奥运会各国女子田径所获奖牌数以及最新奥运记录为研究对象,以百分位数法、RSR法为研究工具,分析奥运会女子田径地域板块演变规律;国家分化特征以及项目成绩演变规律。研究结果表明：（1）奥运会女子田径地域板块分化特征主要表现为总体竞技实力上欧洲〉北美洲〉非洲〉亚洲〉大洋洲〉南美洲,其中各洲际有各自的优势项目群。同时部分洲际竞技实力将趋于平衡,有原先单级化发展逐渐向多级化发展;（2）奥运会女子田径国家分化特征主要是以竞技集团形式表现出来。各集团的竞技实力之间都表现出渗透现象,其发展都处于波动状态;（3）奥运会女子田径项目分化特征主要是通过项目成绩发展不平衡体现出来,其中径赛项目竞技实力水平发展高于田赛项目,然而出现这样现象的主要原因是竞则进,不竞则退。     

“安全奥运”北京准备好了吗？——八议奥运安全体系建设

2008年，奥运会将在北京举行，国人及世界对奥运会的关注，使奥运承担了除竞技之外更多的责任。科技奥运．绿色奥运．人文奥运，是我们对世界的承诺，但以往的奥运也给我们提出了一个问题，那就是怎样保证举行一届安全的奥运!     

日本空手道项目奥运备战的模式与体系研究

运用文献综述、数据分析等方法，梳理了日本空手道的入奥历程，总结了日本空手道奥运备战的模式与体系，重点分析关键队员的技术状况，以期为中国空手道奥运备战提供参考。研究认为，日本空手道奥运备战体系完备，在运动员选拔、培养和训练上有其独到之处。日本空手道注重国际、国家与地区协调发展，积极参与、举办空手道的比赛与培训。东京奥运会，需要重点关注、分析日本8名空手道运动员的竞技状况。建议中国空手道要协同作战，做好赛事、培训和竞赛科研分析工作，力争东京奥运会实现新突破。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-