荧光光谱法研究羟基化单壁碳纳米管与牛血清白蛋白/血红蛋白的相互作用

纳米材料与蛋白质等生物大分子的相互作用是纳米材料生物安全性的重要内容。为了解羟基化单壁碳纳米管与牛血清白蛋白/血红蛋白的相互作用特点,选择两种不同长度的羟基化单壁碳纳米管(Short-SWNTs-OH、Long-SWNTs-OH),利用荧光光谱法和同步荧光光谱法分别分析在生理条件下它们与牛血清白蛋白/血红蛋白的相互作用。荧光光谱显示,两种羟基化单壁碳纳米管可以猝灭牛血清白蛋白和牛血红蛋白的内源荧光,且猝灭效应随碳纳米管的浓度增大而增强,对牛血清白蛋白,Short-SWNTs-OH的荧光猝灭作用强于Long-SWNTs-OH;Short-SWNTs-OH和Long-SWNTs-OH对牛血红蛋白的荧光猝灭作用相差不大;同步荧光光谱显示,Short-SWNTsOH对牛血清白蛋白的色氨酸残基(Trp)荧光猝灭作用强于酪氨酸残基(Tyr)。实验结果表明,碳纳米管的形貌特征及蛋白质的类型对碳纳米管与蛋白质的相互作用存在一定的影响:与牛血红蛋白相比,羟基化单壁碳纳米管更易于和牛血清白蛋白结合,羟基化单壁碳纳米管的长度、蛋白质的类型对它们之间的相互作用存在一定的影响,两种碳纳米管与牛血清白蛋白的作用位置更接近色氨酸残基。该工作可为全面评价包括碳纳米管在内的纳米材料的生物安全性提供参考。     

白藜芦醇二聚体与眼镜蛇神经毒素的作用机制

通过Discovery Studio软件模拟白藜芦醇不同结构二聚体与眼镜蛇神经毒素(NT)的相互作用,采用波长365nm的光诱导白藜芦醇二聚体的形成,通过紫外-可见光谱分析和荧光光谱分析得到不同白藜芦醇浓度和不同光照时间下NT的紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱,并对结合能及作用参数进行了运算.结果表明:相比于单体,白藜芦醇二聚物对NT的结合能更大、作用更强;波长365nm的光照射白藜芦醇后,NT光谱发生了变化,紫外光吸收增强,吸收峰红移,荧光猝灭,有新发射峰生成;荧光猝灭速率常数为5.62×1012L/(mol·s),猝灭机制属于静态猝灭;白藜芦醇二聚物和NT的结合常数为5.12×105L/mol,结合位点数为1,结合距离为3.40nm,易发生非辐射能量转移;同步荧光光谱显示白藜芦醇二聚体可与NT的酪氨酸和色氨酸残基作用,羟基氢键导致其亲水性提高;白藜芦醇二聚体与NT的主要作用位点在色氨酸残基.     

芦丁和阿魏酸与酪蛋白的相互作用研究

酚类物质与蛋白质的相互作用对富含酚类物质的功能性乳制品的稳定性及生物活性具有重要影响。通过光谱分析及抗氧化活性测定,研究了芦丁和阿魏酸与酪蛋白的相互作用机制。荧光光谱分析发现,芦丁和阿魏酸均能淬灭酪蛋白的内源荧光,淬灭方式为静态淬灭;热力学参数表明,芦丁与酪蛋白作用的驱动力为疏水作用,阿魏酸与酪蛋白作用的驱动力为疏水作用和氢键。紫外-可见光谱和同步荧光光谱表明,芦丁和阿魏酸的加入影响了酪蛋白中酪氨酸和色氨酸残基周围的微环境,从而引起酪蛋白的构象改变。傅里叶变换红外光谱和圆二色谱研究结果进一步表明,芦丁和阿魏酸使酪蛋白的二级结构发生了变化,但没有破坏其二级结构。     

光谱学研究洛美沙星与牛血红蛋白的作用机理

在pH值为7.4和离子强度0.1 mol·L-1的模拟人体生理条件下,利用荧光猝灭光谱、同步荧光光谱和紫外光谱研究了洛美沙星与牛血红蛋白的结合作用.从温度对猝灭作用的影响、紫外可见吸收光谱的变化判断牛血红蛋白与洛美沙星的荧光猝灭机理为动态猝灭,计算了猝灭常数.根据得到的热力学参数确定相互作用力主要为疏水作用.依据无辐射能量转移机理求出荧光受体和给体间的距离,由同步荧光光谱技术探讨洛美沙星对牛血红蛋白构象的影响.     

苯基锡系列化合物与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的光谱研究

采用光谱法研究了苯基锡化合物(一苯基锡(MPT),二苯基锡(DPT)和三苯基锡(TPT))与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.结果显示,三种苯基锡化合物与BSA均有不同程度的相互作用,紫外-可见(UV-vis)光谱表现为增色效应,荧光光谱表现为猝灭效应,圆二色(CD)光谱表现为特征峰的振幅减小和峰位位移.Stern-Volmer方程计算表明三种苯基锡化合物对BSA的荧光猝灭方式均为静态猝灭,并得出在25℃和37℃时的结合位点数(n)和平衡常数(K).比较发现,随着温度升高,n和K均有所下降.根据能量转移理论,计算了三种苯基锡化合物与BSA相互作用的结合距离(r)和能量转移效率(E).结果表明,三种r均小于7 nm, 且r的大小顺序为MPT-BSA,DPT-BSA和TPT-BSA.通过热力学研究判断出三种苯基锡化合物与 BSA相互作用的方式和类型,MPT与BSA的作用方式为范德华力和配位作用,TPT与BSA的作用方式主要是范德华力,而DPT与BSA的作用方式主要为疏水作用.同步荧光光谱研究表明,三种苯基锡化合物对BSA分子构象及色氨酸和酪氨酸残基的微区均有不同程度的影响,但对色氨酸微区的影响较大.     

苯唑西林钠与胃蛋白酶相互作用的光谱研究

运用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱和同步荧光光谱等方法研究在生理酸度pH1.81以及不同温度(288 K,298 K和308 K)条件下胃蛋白酶与苯唑西林钠的相互作用.结果表明,苯唑西林钠对胃蛋白酶有强烈的荧光淬灭作用,且是动态淬灭类型.计算在不同温度下的结合常数K、结合位点数n.由热力学参数ΔG0,说明结合过程是自发进行的.利用同步荧光光谱考察了苯唑西林钠与胃蛋白酶相互作用过程中胃蛋白酶的构象变化.通过F?rster偶极-偶极非辐射能量转移机理确定了苯唑西林钠在胃蛋白酶中与色氨酸残基之间距离R为0.64 nm.     

异烟肼与牛血清蛋白相互作用的光谱研究

用紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究了异烟肼(INH)与牛血清蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.荧光光谱表明,INH对BSA的荧光有较强的猝灭作用.通过结合常数和结合位点数的计算,证明这种荧光猝灭机理符合静态机制,INH和BSA形成了1∶1稳定复合物;考察不同温度和酸度下的猝灭作用,进一步证实其静态猝灭行为和疏水作用机制.紫外吸收光谱和同步荧光光谱表明,INH与BSA的相互作用使蛋白质的分子构象发生变化,而同步荧光光谱显示两者的结合位点更接近于色氨酸.     

光谱法研究痂囊腔菌素A与血红蛋白的相互作用

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱系统地研究了痂囊腔菌素A(EA)与血红蛋白(Hb)之间的相互作用.实验结果表明,EA与Hb之间的相互作用影响Hb分子的构象,且该影响在避光与光照等两种情况下存在明显差异,避光时EA仅与Hb的氨基酸残基发生作用,而光照时EA与Hb的氨基酸残基和血红素辅基均发生作用.避光实验条件下的荧光猝灭常数、热力学参数等计算结果表明Hb荧光被猝灭方式为动态猝灭,EA对Hb之间的作用力为疏水作用力.同步荧光进一步研究了EA对Hb微环境的影响.     

过渡金属离子与牛血红蛋白的相互作用

过渡金属离子在生理条件下会影响血红蛋白的功能,可利用光谱法对其作用机理进行研究.通过紫外可见光谱法研究了过渡金属离子对牛血红蛋白中亚铁离子的影响;通过荧光光谱法研究了过渡金属离子与牛血红蛋白之间的荧光猝灭类型和相互作用力.结果表明:过渡金属离子可部分置换血红蛋白中的亚铁离子,形成血红蛋白衍生物,衍生物的稳定性与过渡金属离子中d轨道上的电子数目(d电子数)有关;过渡金属离子通过静态猝灭显著降低牛血红蛋白的荧光强度,二者通过静电作用力形成稳定不发荧光的基态复合物;过渡金属离子通过增强牛血红蛋白中色氨酸残基的疏水性改变蛋白质构象.因此,过渡金属离子可在一定程度上影响血红蛋白的结构.     

光谱法研究灿烂甲酚蓝与血浆蛋白质结合性质及蛋白质构象变化

在模拟的生理条件下,采用荧光发射光谱、紫外-可见分光光度法、同步荧光光谱、三维荧光光谱和圆二色(Circular dichroism,CD)光谱等技术研究了灿烂甲酚蓝(Brilliant cresyl blue,BCB)与人血清白蛋白(Human serum albumin,HSA)的结合性质以及药物的结合对HSA构象的影响.结果表明,BCB和能猝灭HSA的内源荧光,BCB对HSA的荧光猝灭是形成HSA-BCB复合物的静态猝灭过程,紫外-可见吸收光谱的结果也进一步证实了BCB对HSA荧光的静态猝灭.BCB与HSA分子Trp残基的距离r小于7 nm,说明HSA与BCB之间能够发生非辐射能量转移,但由于rR0值,这说明形成HSA-BCB复合物导致的静态猝灭是HSA荧光猝灭的主要原因.热力学参数计算结果表明BCB与HSA相互作用形成HSA-BCB复合物的过程是自发进行的,疏水作用力和氢键在形成HSA-BCB复合物的过程中发挥主要作用.同步荧光光谱、三维荧光光谱和CD光谱的结果说明BCB与HSA的相互作用形成的HSA-BCB复合物导致了HSA的构象发生了变化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to