基于线路双端零序阻抗的故障测距算法

电力系统故障以单相故障居多 ,测量零序阻抗从而测量故障距离就具有很强的工程意义 .本文提出了利用接地故障时线路两端的故障录波数据求出线路两侧系统的零序系统阻抗 ,进而算出保护安装处到故障点的距离的一种新型的故障测距算法 .本算法用MATLAB中SIMULINK的电力系统仿真模块进行了建模 ,并用VC6 .0实现算法 ,证明了该算法具有很高的测距精度 .     

同杆并架双回输电线路故障定位算法的研究

提出了同杆并架双回输电线路跨线故障定位的新算法，算法的故障定位精度不受故障点处过渡电阻，负荷潮流及远端电源内阻抗的影响，算法利用输电线路本地端的电压电流流数据估计故障距离，经EMTP仿真验证故障测距的误差小于1％。     

一种基于电压相位关系的单端测距方法

本文提出一种新的单端测距方法,基本原理是利用故障点的故障前电压与故障后的初始电压相位相差为π的特征,通过测量点处的电流、电压得到线路上各点的故障前电压和故障后的初始电压,找到其相位相差π的点对应的距离即为故障距离.该方法简单易行,测距精度较高,解决了远端故障测距不准确的问题,仿真结果验证了方法的有效性.     

采用电磁时间反转的不同电压等级同杆双回输电线路故障测距

针对不同电压等级同杆双回输电线路测距复杂的问题,提出了一种基于电磁时间反转理论的故障测距方法。建立了线路的故障附加网络,推导了经时间反转后的故障电流有效值,并分析了电磁时间反转理论应用于输电线路故障测距的适用性。记录线路两侧故障电流变化的情况并用新六序分量法解耦线路,对经解耦后得到的两侧同向正序电流分量进行小波分解,提取两侧电流突变量,对两侧电流突变量进行时间反转并叠加。假设在输电线路多处发生故障,计算出各个故障点处的电流有效值,最大电流有效值对应的距离即为故障距离。利用ATP-EMTP软件搭建了不同电压等级同杆双回输电线路仿真模型,采用Matlab进行编程验证。仿真结果表明:所提方法不受过渡电阻和故障相角的影响;当采样频率为1 MHz时,在不同故障类型情况下测距结果的相对误差低于0.57%,所提方法测距精度高;测距结果的相对误差会随着采样频率的上升而降低。     

基于VMD-TEO的多分支小电流接地系统行波故障定位

针对小电流接地故障行波波头难以检测、行波波速不确定和多分支线路难以精确定位等问题,提出一种新的行波定位方法。首先,对故障电流进行相模变换得到线模信号,并对线模信号进行变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition, VMD),利用Teager能量算子(Teager Energy Operator, TEO)提取IMF分量的故障特征实现故障测距;然后,根据故障距离构建故障分支判断矩阵,将多分支线路故障定位简化为单分支线路故障定位,进而转换为双端故障测距;最后,利用双端行波测距方法实现精确故障定位。使用暂态仿真软件ATP建立小电流接地系统模型并进行故障测距仿真,仿真结果表明此方法在多分支小电流接地系统中可以实现准确故障定位。该方法利用有限的行波检测装置实现多分支复杂电网的精确故障定位。     

利用双端电气量的高压长线故障测距算法

输电线路故障定位一直是电力系统急需解决的难题。传统的测距方法都是基于线路一侧电压电流的单端测距方法 ,测距精度受过渡电阻的影响很大。提出的故障定位算法利用故障后线路两端同步的电压电流量 ,完全克服了过渡电阻的影响。算法推导采用了分布参数的线路模型和基于行波的传播规律 ,克服了一些算法由于忽略线路电容而给测距带来的误差 ,对高压长距离输电线路完全适用。数值仿真结果的最大定位误差小于 1 %。     

基于电磁时间反演改进算法的输电线路故障测距

针对目前利用电磁时间反演算法进行故障测距时反演过程需要事先知道故障类型以及利用解耦后的模量进行测距存在死区等问题,本文提出了一种基于电磁时间反演的改进故障测距算法。该算法无需解耦,能够根据非故障相导体的耦合信号实现故障定位,当故障相未知时,可以在反演模型中假定故障相,即使假定故障相与真实故障相不符,也可以根据假定故障相的耦合电流有效地实现故障定位,解决了输电线路故障相未知时故障定位的问题。本文首先理论分析了非故障相耦合信号用于电磁时间反演故障测距的可行性,之后利用ATP-EMTP搭建了750 kV架空输电线路模型进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明该算法不受故障类型和过渡电阻的影响,有较高的准确度。     

含分布式电源配电网单相接地故障测距研究

为解决含分布式电源(DG)配电网单相接地故障测距问题,对含DG配电网单相接地故障时故障区段上、下游母线电流、电压进行了分析,在对称分量法的基础上,提出了一种含DG的配电网单相接地故障测距算法.该方法首先建立配电网单相接地故障模型,获取故障前后变电站和DG出线电流、电压,对故障点发生在DG下游和上游分别进行分析,然后得到配电网单相接地故障的复合序网,最后利用故障区段电流、电压的各序分量计算得到故障距离.采用配电网IEEE 34节点模型进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,该方法具有较高的测距精度.     

基于分布参数模型的同杆双回输电线路故障测距

基于线路的分布参数模型,并且利用线路两端工频电气量和相模变换,提出了在模域中进行故障测距的算法.该算法不受系统阻抗和过渡电阻的影响,并且消除了双回线间耦合的影响,可用于单回线故障和跨线故障的测距.该算法原理简单,求解方便,仿真结果表明,算法具有较高的精度,最大测距误差小于0.5%,能够满足工程要求.     

高压输电线故障点定位的一种新的计算机方法

本文提出了高压输电线故障点距离的一种新的精确的计算机算法——故障电流分量相位修正阻抗法。对于双侧电源线路,利用新算法。可以完全消除一般阻抗法和电抗法中,由于负荷电流和过渡电阻引起的误差,且只用线路测量端的电气量就能十分精确地求出该端到故障点的距离。 新算法还可以进一步发展成为一种具有高度避越负荷电流和过渡电阻影响性能的计算机距离保护的新算法。 通过在220KV,243公里长和130KV,47.3公里长的两条高压输电线模型上,用CK-710小型控制计算机和“频果”Ⅱ型微型计算机模拟在各种不同负荷电流、过渡电阻和故障距离情况下的各种类型故障试验,所得结果完全证实了新方法的高度精确性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.