计算机模拟厚板弯曲变形材料的再结晶过程

文章分析了厚板弯曲的应变沿板厚方向的分布状态,考虑了应变中心层区域处应力加载过程对于应变储能的影响,建立了厚板弯曲再结晶过程的模型,利用Monte Carlo方法模拟得到了变形材料的再结晶晶粒尺寸分布,结果表明,晶粒尺寸分布具有局部不均匀性,但在整个分布范围,再结晶晶粒尺寸分布仍然服从对数正态分布规律。所建立的再结晶模拟模型能够预测不同变形量状态下的再结晶退火显微组织。     

差温轧制工艺对7050铝合金厚板组织与性能的影响

通过调控轧制过程轧件表层与心部温差,实现厚度为76 mm的7050铝合金板的差温轧制。采用金相、硬度、室温拉伸、SEM和EBSD等方法研究差温轧制对厚板不同厚度层组织与性能的影响。研究结果表明:与常规轧制厚板相比,差温轧制厚板通过控制心部与表层的屈服强度,提高厚板变形均匀性,使厚板各厚度层难溶相尺寸均匀。但由于差温轧制人为降低板材温度、增大厚板的变形储能,使厚板再结晶程度提高。总体而言,差温轧制可提高7050铝合金厚板的厚向硬度与拉伸性能的均匀性;厚板各层硬度的不均匀性由10.7%下降到3.0%,厚板各层抗拉强度的不均匀性由9.0%降低到0.7%。     

大应变轧制技术制备细晶AZ31镁合金板材

晶粒细化可以改善镁合金的强度和延性,通过控制轧制工艺可以控制变形组织.文中研究了不同轧制道次变形量对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着轧制道次变形量的增加,轧制应变速率增加,镁合金发生了动态再结晶,获得细小的晶粒组织,板材的硬度增加;但是,当轧制道次变形量增加到一定值之后,板材的表面出现宏观裂纹;采用大的道次轧制应变技术,可以减少轧制道次,制备晶粒尺寸为2～5μm的细晶镁合金板材.     

轧制道次间插入冷却对特厚钢板组织与性能的影响

使用实验轧机旁冷却装置配合轧机进行轧制实验，研究轧制道次间不同冷却工艺对特厚钢板组织和性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:采用道次间冷却工艺可以在全厚度方向获得组织细化及强韧性提高效果，采用强冷道次间冷却实验钢1/4处晶粒尺寸可细化至10μm，强度为376MPa，-40℃冲击功为169J;心部晶粒尺寸可细化至15μm，强度为360MPa，-40℃冲击功为123J.本工艺可形成470μm厚表层细晶层，晶粒尺寸可细化至5μm;粗轧道次间插入冷却工艺轧制钢板强度和冲击韧性优于中间坯冷却工艺;随冷却强度增加，钢板内部组织明显细化且强度大幅提高.     

多向锻造道次对5182铝合金变形组织的影响

采用多向锻造实验的方法研究了末道次锻造温度为340℃的条件下锻造道次对5182铝合金宏微观组织的影响.研究结果表明:多向锻造过程中随锻造道次由3增至12,心部细晶区的面积不断扩大,锻造道次增至12次并未消除因累计变形量不同而导致的心部与边部的组织差异.锻造道次由3增至12的过程中,试样锤头附近的组织不断破碎变细,但未发生明显的再结晶.试样心部的变形组织在经3道次锻造后开始发生部分再结晶;经6道次锻造后试样心部发生完全再结晶,试样再经9,12道次锻造后心部均发生完全再结晶,且晶粒尺寸较锻6次试样略有增加.5182铝合金试样心部再结晶晶粒尺寸随锻造道次的累计增加会达到一个细化极限值.     

高渗透轧制对SA738 Gr.B厚板变形渗透性的影响

AP1000的钢质安全壳主要用料是SA738 Gr.B特厚钢板,采用传统轧制方法,由于坯料尺寸和轧机能力限制,变形渗透性差,心部韧性不足,通过轧制-冷却一体化的高渗透轧制工艺有望改善厚板性能.采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法,分析了高渗透轧制工艺对厚规格SA738 Gr.B轧制变形的影响规律.结果表明:为了获得相同的厚向轧制渗透效果,采用厚向温差300℃的高渗透轧制工艺所需单道次压下率相比常规轧制可减少3%～4%.对比实验结果可知,采用高渗透轧制工艺可以提高心部金属变形程度,同时可使各层金属流动更加均匀.     

强脉冲电流下变形镁合金的微观组织及其力学性能

利用正交实验方法研究了强脉冲电流作用下轧制态AZ31的静态再结晶及其微观组织与力学性能。结果表明:轧制变形量和脉冲宽度对再结晶分数的影响较大,随着二者的增大,再结晶分数明显提高;轧制变形量对降低平均晶粒尺寸有明显效果,而脉冲宽度和脉冲时间可促进晶粒尺寸的均匀化;轧制变形量和脉冲宽度是影响热效应的主要因素。实验得到最优组合条件下微观组织的再结晶分数为97.9%,平均晶粒尺寸为6.74μm;当轧制变形量为30%、脉冲宽度为70μs、脉冲时间为10min时,材料的抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到341 MPa和11.6%.     

S38MnSiV非调质钢热变形行为及组织演变

利用MMS-300热模拟试验机开展单道次压缩实验和光学显微组织观察,研究了S38MnSiV非调质钢在温度为1173~1423K及应变速率为001~10s-1条件下的热变形行为,获得了应变速率和变形温度对该钢动态再结晶行为及组织的影响规律,按照双曲正弦方法确定了实验钢的热变形激活能和本构方程.结果表明:变形温度越高,应变速率越低,越有利于动态再结晶的发生;随着动态再结晶的进行,奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸随应变的增加逐渐减小;当应力达到稳态时,奥氏体晶粒尺寸不再随应变而发生变化.     

轧制条件对消除特厚钢板中心偏析和中心疏松的影响

为了确定特厚板心部质量改善的轧制工艺,制定了传统方法和新型方法生产100mm厚钢板的轧制工艺规程,通过分析低倍、显微组织和夹杂物成分,研究了粗轧、精轧、轧制速度对中心偏析和中心疏松的影响。结果表明：探伤不合的特厚钢板中心存在P和S的偏析,间有氧化铝、硅酸盐和MnS夹杂物;粗轧阶段新型轧制方法对应变积累奥氏体有叠加效应,该叠加效应对消除中心偏析和中心疏松更加有利;精轧阶段的多道次、长时间轧制有利于中心偏析和中心疏松的消除;形状比在0.5~1.0时,采用低速率轧制有利于消除中心偏析和中心疏松;消除中心偏析和中心疏松的临界条件为形状比大于0.518,采用形状比制定轧制规程,比采用道次压下率对消除中心偏析和中心疏松更有效。     

压下率对42CrMo钢塑性成形与微结构演化的影响

以热物理模拟试验为基础,得到42CrMo钢发生动态再结晶的数学模型.采用热力耦合的弹塑性有限元法对42CrMo钢圆柱试样在形变温度为1 050℃、应变速率为0.1 s-1的热变形过程进行数值模拟,讨论该热变形过程中压下率对42CrMo钢试样应力/应变分布情况与微结构演化规律的影响.模拟结果表明:在热变形过程中,试样各部位变形不均匀,试样心部的等效应变最大,且变形不均匀性随着压下率增加先增大,然后趋于稳定;试样各部位的等效应力分布不均匀,其最大值一般位于心部大变形区与自由变形区和粘着区的交界处,平均等效应力在压下率约为20%时达到峰值;由于变形的不均匀性导致了动态再结晶的不等时性,动态再结晶首先发生在心部大变形区,然后,向自由变形区和粘着区延伸,而且该条件下动态再结晶临界应变约为20%;试样心部等大变形区的动态再结晶晶粒较细,而粘着区等小变形区的动态再结晶晶粒较粗大,随着压下率的增大,动态再结晶晶粒继续长大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.