纤维素纳米晶对胶凝复合材料耐酸性能的影响

Acid mine drainage presents an important threat to cementitious structures. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the acid resistance of cementitious composites. CNCs were added to mortar mixtures as additives at cement volume ratios of 0.2vol%, 0.4vol%, 1.0vol%, and 1.5vol%. After 28 d of standard curing, the samples were immersed in a sulfuric acid with a pH value of 2 for 75 d. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, the density, water absorption, void volume test, and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out to investigate the properties of CNC mixtures before sulfuric acid immersion. It was found that the addition of CNC reduced the volume of permeable voids and increased the hydration degree and mechanical strength of the samples. Changes in mass and length were monitored during immersion to evaluate the acid resistance of mixtures. The mixture with 0.4vol% CNC showed a reduced mass change and length change indicating its improved acid resistance.     

Assessment of deterioration in RHA-concrete due to magnesium sulphate attack

The assessment of magnesium sulphate attack on concretes containing rice husk ash (RHA, 20wt% of the cementitious materials) with various average particle sizes was investigated. The total cementitious materials were 390 kg and the water-to-binder ratio (W/B) was 0.53 for all mixtures. Specimens were initially cured in water for 7 d and then immersed in the 3wt% magnesium sulphate solution for up to 111 d of exposure. The specimens were subjected to drying-wetting cycles to accelerate sulphate attack. In addition to the visual monitoring of the specimens, the concrete specimens were subsequently tested for compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and length and mass changes. The results show that the specimens exposed to sulphate attack exhibit higher strength and dynamic modulus than those kept in water. The length change is negligible and can be attributed to the normal swelling of concrete. On the other hand, concretes suffers mass loss and surface spalling and softening; the fine RHA-concrete results in a better resistance. For the accelerated sulphate attack method used in this study, mass change and visual monitoring are recommended for assessing the deterioration degree and the effectiveness of supplementary cementitious materials to resist sulphate attack.     

具有结构色的生物质纳米纤维的制备与表征

 采用硫酸水解联合高压均质化,制备了生物质纳米纤维素晶体（CNC）,经超声波处理诱导自组装形成手性排列,并研究了其自组装膜的结构色特征。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察显示,纤维素纳米晶体尺寸均一,多呈短棒状,具备形成手性排列的结构基础。表面电势、流变性能及偏光特性研究表明,水解时硫酸浓度越高,生成的CNC表面Zeta电位绝对值越大,黏度越大,越利于形成手性排列,从而产生良好的偏光性;CNC经超声波处理有助于自组装成“光子晶体”,显示出较好的结构色。     

Development of high volume rice husk ash alumino silicate composites

The development of high volume rice husk ash (RHA) alumino silicate composites (ASC) was studied. RHA was used as the source of silica and aluminium in the ASC. The mass ratios of RHA:Al(OH)3 of 70:30 to 99:1 were tested. The results indicate that the obtained ASC mortars are not stable and disintegrate in water. Boric acid was introduced to the mixture to overcome this problem. Stable ASC mortars with high RHA:Al(OH)₃ mass ratios of 90:10 to 97.5:2.5 were obtained with the use of boric acid and 115℃ curing. The compressive strength of the mortar of 20 MPa was gained. The immersion test indicates that high volume RHA ASC mortars show good resistance in 3vol% H₂SO₄ solution, but is slightly less durable in 5wt% MgSO₄ solution.     

纳米纤维素丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯复合材料的特性

为了改善纳米纤维素晶须(CNC)在非亲水性树脂中应用时分散困难、热分解温度低、与基体相容性较差等缺点,将冷冻干燥的纳米纤维素在高聚物的有机溶液中预先包覆,然后与苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯腈树脂(ABS)、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯在挤出机内熔融共混制成ABS/CNC复合材料。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析测试(TGA)、拉伸性能测试等手段对复合材料进行性能表征。SEM观察发现CNC是以层状纳米片的形式均匀地与ABS复合; 力学性能测试表明,接枝聚乙烯的加入有利于改进CNC与ABS的界面相容性,与纯ABS相比,添加0.7%CNC的复合材料其拉伸强度提高了15.6%,弹性模量提高了52%。TGA测试结果表明,CNC的热分解温度由211 ℃提高到263 ℃,大大改善了CNC在聚合物加工过程中的温度适应性。     

水泥稳定碎石基层长期浸水及冻融试验研究

试验研究了水泥稳定碎石试件,在室内静荷载作用下,浸水时间10～360d范围内的抗压强度、间接抗拉强度变化情况.同时,对比了冻融循环（-8～8℃）前后的试件抗压强度.试验数据表明：水泥稳定碎石试件的抗压强度和间接抗拉强度都保持前期较快、后期平缓的增长趋势,3次冻融循环后的抗压强度未出现明显的降低;因此,在长期浸水及冻融循...     

酸性环境中富水充填材料腐蚀及劣化机理

为了研究酸性环境对富水充填材料的影响,通过强度检测、扫描电镜、能谱分析及X射线衍射( XRD)等实验手段,分析富水充填材料在酸性环境中浸泡后的宏观性能及微观结构变化,并探讨其腐蚀及劣化机理.结果表明：富水充填材料在pH值为1和3的盐酸溶液中浸泡180 d后抗压强度比标养28 d的强度分别降低88.8%和58%,在pH值为3的硫酸溶液中浸泡后降低68%,pH值为1的硫酸溶液中浸泡后强度降为零;微观实验结果显示随着富水充填材料在硫酸溶液中浸泡时间的延长,试件内部有二水石膏生成,盐酸溶液中试件仅在pH值为1的溶液中浸泡180 d后产生二水石膏;盐酸溶液对富水充填材料的腐蚀主要为H+中和作用下硬化体结构的溶解腐蚀,硫酸溶液对材料的腐蚀为硬化体结构的溶解腐蚀和石膏的膨胀腐蚀;硫酸溶液对富水充填材料的腐蚀作用强于盐酸溶液.     

硫酸溶液对水泥土强度影响的试验研究

通过由硫酸污染土配制成的水泥土室内模拟试验,对不同硫酸质量比条件下,一定水泥掺量的水泥土试件外观特征及无侧限抗压强度进行实时观测和记录,得到硫酸水泥污染土试件表观特征照片和抗压强度变化曲线;试验结果分析表明,硫酸对水泥土外表形态影响不大,没有出现开裂、起皮等现象,但是对水泥土外表颜色和力学强度产生了明显影响,由污染土配制成的水泥土颜色较干净土配制成的水泥土颜色有了明显变化;硫酸质量比不同,水泥土强度存在很大差异,得出除硫酸质量比为9 000 mg/kg外,其他硫酸质量比条件下的水泥土强度在90 d龄期时均有不同程度的降低,并且探索性地讨论了硫酸导致强度发生变化的原因,文章对水泥土在硫酸污染条件下的应用及工程设计具有一定参考价值.     

复合胶凝材料的抗硫酸性能与腐蚀动力学分析

通过硫酸浸泡腐蚀试验,研究矿粉单掺、硅灰-矿粉双掺2种复合胶凝材料体系的抗硫酸腐蚀性能.以质量损失、酸消耗量和腐蚀深度等为测试指标,研究了硬化水泥石在硫酸溶液中的劣化性能.结果表明,硫酸溶蚀水泥石形成的疏松腐蚀层可避免内部水泥石与酸直接接触,具有减缓酸腐蚀的作用.根据不同腐蚀时间的腐蚀深度建立了硬化水泥石的酸腐蚀动力学方程d=Ktn,d和t分别为腐蚀深度和腐蚀时间,K和n为试验拟合指数.据此可推算水泥石一定腐蚀时期的腐蚀深度,为混凝土结构设计、维修和防护等提供参考.     

膨润土的改性实验及表征

为提高膨润土对低浓度瓦斯的吸附性能,用质量分数3%的硫酸溶液和正二十四烷通过化学浸渍法对膨润土原土进行改性实验。对硫酸改性膨润土、正二十四烷改性膨润土、膨润土原土进行N2的吸附、比表面积、孔容和孔径测试。通过改性前后数据对比可知,改性后膨润土的吸附量、比表面积、孔容相应的增大,且硫酸改性膨润土的性能优于正二十四烷改性膨润土。改性后膨润土对CH4的最大吸附量为5.36 mmol/g,比改性前增加了3.72 mmol/g,增量明显。     

特种聚酰亚胺作为油田管材涂层的性能评价

为了研究一种高性能聚酰亚胺作为油田管道防腐涂层的防腐效果,通过击穿电压测试、溶液浸泡测试、耐高温高压腐蚀实验、耐盐雾实验、附着力测试实验、耐磨性能测试等方法研究了特种聚酰亚胺作为油田管道涂层的化学性能和机械性能。实验结果表明:在盐雾试验中测试样板版面划线处任意一侧腐蚀扩散宽度小于2 mm,未划线处无生锈、起泡、开裂和脱落等腐蚀失效现象;在耐磨性能实验中参考二氧化锆的磨损量为0. 001 67 g/h,PI-S涂层的磨损量比二氧化锆还低,仅为0. 00 084 g/h;涂层耐高低温交变湿热实验结果表明涂层很好的经受高低温交变环境,实验后未出现鼓泡、脱层、针孔、裂纹现象;酸性高温高压模拟环境实验表明在高酸性模拟环境中浸泡168 h后,涂层表面未出现鼓泡、脱层、针孔、裂纹等现象;涂层能很好地经受住N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、盐酸、硫酸、氢氟酸、次氯酸的腐蚀,浸泡60 d后试样厚度有轻微的减小,基材没有出现腐蚀现象。     

聚乙烯醇纤维强化水泥基复合材料的抗盐冻性能

通过氯盐环境中的快速冻融试验研究了纤维体积率、冻融循环次数、粉煤灰、硅粉对聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维水泥基复合材料抗盐冻性能的影响。通过扫描电镜观察内部微观结构随盐冻作用的变化规律、PVA纤维在水泥基体中分布情况和界面结合状况。试验结果表明:PVA纤维的掺入可明显改善水泥基复合材料的抗盐冻性能;PVA纤维在基体中分散性较好,且与水泥基体界面结合状况较好;而粉煤灰、硅粉的掺入未明显改善PVA纤维水泥基复合材料的抗盐冻性能。     

高温浓硫酸中氟离子掺入对不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响

采用浸泡法和电化学测试方法结合扫描电镜和能谱仪研究了高温浓硫酸中氟离子的掺入对304、2507以及904L三种不锈钢耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:氟离子的掺入对三种不锈钢在浓硫酸中的腐蚀具有抑制作用,综合来看,904L具有更为稳定的耐蚀性能;三种不锈钢在高温浓硫酸中由于生成了热力学不稳定的硫化镍而产生了活化转钝化现象,而掺入氟离子会和硫离子发生竞争使其排挤出电极表面,氟离子与镍离子结合形成另外一种更稳定的阻挡层使不锈钢耐蚀性提高.     

CO_2 Induced Formation of Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel with Tunable Mechanical Properties

The aim of this paper is to incorporate cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs) into the polyelectrolyte complex(PEC)matrix to construct polyelectrolyte hydrogels,utilizing carbon dioxide(CO_2)-induction to achieve sol-gel transition.The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were tunable with different CNC loadings.The increasing CNCs contributed to significant mechanical reinforcement of the PEC/CNC hydrogels.The study on swelling characteristics of hydrogels manifested the entanglements between CNCs and the polymer chains.The hydrogels also showed good moldability property.A cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)cytotoxicity study showed that the as-prepared composite hydrogels had good biocompatibility to confluent osteoblasts(SD rat) cells.     

低掺量粉煤灰基地聚物胶凝材料性能试验研究

为了研究粉煤灰基地聚物胶凝材料的组成对其性能的影响,对C类粉煤灰分别掺入少量（质量分数小于17%）偏高岭土和矿渣粉后,进行了两种地聚物胶砂试块的力学性能试验研究,并与相同配比、相同制作养护条件下的普通硅酸盐水泥胶砂试块进行了比较.试验结果表明：纯粉煤灰（C类）地聚物胶凝材料强度低于P.O 42.5水泥;当外掺料质量分数大于17%时,粉煤灰基地聚物胶凝材料强度超过同龄期（14 d）的水泥;掺入矿渣粉的粉煤灰基地聚物抗压强度高于掺入等量偏高岭土的粉煤灰基地聚物.     

雨水酸化条件对高岭土改性沥青路面腐蚀性能的试验模拟

在酸雨条件下,为提高路面抗腐蚀性能的最佳高岭土掺量,探究酸雨对高岭土改性沥青路面腐蚀性能的影响.在pH值为2.0, 4.0,5.6,7.0时,采用周期浸泡、加速腐蚀的试验方法,依次研究高岭土改性沥青混合料的变化情况.试验结果表明:不同pH值的酸雨对4种不同高岭土掺量的沥青混合料均有侵蚀作用,但掺加高岭土的马歇尔试件明显好于基质沥青试件;通过宏观实验及微观分析,当高岭土掺量为3%时,高岭土改性沥青混合料抗腐蚀性能最佳.     

高温湿热地区沥青混合料抗水损害性能评价

通过室内试验,分析了沥青混合料高温浸水和级配离析对沥青混合料抗拉强度的影响．针对残留马歇尔稳定度指标及冻融劈裂残留强度试验的不足,提出以浸水四点弯曲试验来评价高温湿热地区沥青混合料抗水损害性能,着重探讨了不同离析程度（不同空隙率水平）对沥青混合料劈裂强度、四点弯曲强度的影响．研究结果表明,随着沥青混合料离析程度的增加,空隙率向2个极端发展,严重粗集料离析和严重细集料离析时混合料的空隙率相差10％左右;粗集料离析对劈裂强度和弯曲强度的影响大于细集料离析的影响;为了保证沥青混合料的抗水损害性能,应严格控制空隙率在4．5％～10％范围之外．采用高温浸水四点弯曲强度比作为沥青混合料水稳定性评价指标更为合理．     

Effects of oxygen content on the oxidation process of Si-containing steel during anisothermal heating

The oxidizing behavior of Si-containing steel was investigated in an O₂ and N₂ binary-component gas with oxygen contents ranging between 0.5vol% and 4.0vol% under anisothermal-oxidation conditions. A simultaneous thermal analyzer was employed to simulate the heating process of Si-containing steel in industrial reheating furnaces. The oxidation gas mixtures were introduced from the commencement of heating. The results show that the oxidizing rate remains constant in the isothermal holding process at high temperatures; therefore, the mass change versus time presents a linear law. A linear relation also exists between the oxidizing rate and the oxygen content. Using the linear regression equation, the oxidation rate at different oxygen contents can be predicted. In addition, the relationship between the total mass gain and the oxygen content is linear; thus, the total mass gain at oxygen contents between 0.5vol%-4.0vol% can be determined. These results enrich the theoretical studies of the oxidation process in Si-containing steels.     

早强剂对钢渣胶凝材料早期强度的影响

研究了若干早强剂对新余钢铁公司热闷钢渣早期强度的影响。结果表明:硫酸钠和半水硫酸钙对钢渣有一定激发作用,但28天强度下降明显,甲酸钙、三乙醇胺、醋酸钠和尿素对钢渣几乎没有激发效果,将它们两两复掺后仍然没有激发效果。将半水石膏/亚硝酸钠(1%/0.67%,质量分数,以下同)和尿素(0.22%)复掺后,使钢渣3天强度有一定提高,并且钢渣的28天强度下降幅度比掺半水石膏/亚硝酸钠(1%/0.67%)的钢渣强度要小11%。     

花岗岩石粉-高韧性水泥基复合材料的制备与性能

研究了掺花岗岩石粉的高韧性水泥基复合材料的基本力学性能。采用废弃花岗岩石粉部分取代磨细砂,制备具有不同石粉质量取代率的水泥砂浆;并对其进行抗压、抗折试验分析,得到最优的石粉取代率约为25%;在此最优石粉取代率的基础上配制出掺花岗岩石粉的高韧性水泥基复合材料;并研究聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维体积掺量(0~1.5%)及其长径比(158~316)对混凝土复合材料基本力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,试验中,当花岗岩石粉掺量一定时(25%),纤维体积掺量1.5%且长径比237时电镜扫描显示纤维与基体界面结合最紧密,力学性能最佳,此时的极限拉应变高达3.03%,约为普通水泥基材料的300倍。