烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

“能”和“可以”的辨析

本文对“能”和“可以”的一些问题进行了探讨。探讨中得出在语义上“能”主要表示有能力,“可以”主要表示可能性。针对于一些学者认为的“能”和“可以”的义项与人称主语和疑问语气有密切关系的论断持不同的态度,经过分析得出两者义项的选择与语境的关系最为密切;本文还把“能”和“可以”的肯定与否定的不对称现象用表格的形式,清楚地列了出来;对“不可以”的扩大使用的现象通过语料库得出它使用的范围比较窄;最后,从语义、语法、语用三个方面对“能”和“可以”进行了辨析,希望对对外汉语教学有一定的作用。     

"象"的境界与"数"的真理--作为中西古典美学意义之发端的老子"象论" 与毕达哥拉斯学派的"数论"

老子“象论”与毕达哥拉斯学派“数论”分别构成了中西古典美学的意义之发端。两在思想路向上存在着巨大的差异。老子“象论”及其人生论的思想路向启发了中国古典美学中的“意象”本体论和以“境界”为最高审美理想的思想;毕达哥拉斯学派“数论”及其知识论的思想路向启发了西方古典美学中的“形式”本体论和以“真理”为最高审美理想的思想。     

"知识宝库"向"知识喷泉"的转变

要充分发挥高校系资料室在教学科研中的作用,必须抓好三个方面的转变一是“后勤部”变“科研前哨”;二是“知识宝库”变“知识喷泉”;三是“被动式”服务变“主动式”服务。     

从“实然”与“应然”解“世风日下”之迷

古今中外,哀叹“世风日下”的呼声不绝于耳,在我国社会转型时期“世风日下”观念更加强化。笔者在文中从社会转型期市场经济条件下人们道德观念领域的“实然”与“应然”的矛盾入手,对“世风日下”观念在当前社会中异常强化的原因进行了探析并对道德嬗变的走向进行了展望,对于解决人们在社会转型时期的道德迷茫有一定的现实意义。     

说滕文公之"文"

我们平时所说的战国时期的滕文公 ,实际上是滕元公 ,至于他为什么后世称他为“文”,则可以从几个方面来考虑 :其一 ,作为谥号的“元”和“文”差别并不是很大 ;其二 ,春秋战国时期的谥法并没有得到应有的尊重 ;其三 ,我们还要注意到儒家思想对中国社会文化影响的渐进性。     

世纪之交的"现代"与"后现代"

现代与后现代既有联系,又有区别,其共同点为反叛传统、标新立异,具有先锋姿态。后现代是对现代的继承和发展,更是对它的反拨与叛逆。世纪之交中国的现代与后现代大体停留于对西方的移植、仿效、阐释,但亦有一定程度的改造。尼采宣告“上帝死了,”必然导致现代主义以“人的自我为中心”作为最重要的特征,福柯“人的死亡,”巴特“作者之死”的思想导致“以语言为中心”成为后现代最重要的特征。现代主义构建深度模式,而后现代主义则削平成消解这种深度,却具有另一种深度——肤浅中的深刻。     

"性别"解读的另一种眼光--关于"女性艺术"的思考

“性别文化”成为当下的研究热点,以“女性艺术”为契入点分析文学是另一种目光,换一种思维思考现当代文学的女性作家的“女性艺术”的现代化的进程,就女性作家和男性作家的文本“性别”意识个案分析,试图阐释新时期的文学现象和文学意义。     

"自由意志"——《论人类不平等的起源和基础》中的"自然"概念

启蒙时代的思想家们往往把一切都放在理性的审判席上来加以评判,对"自然"概念的认识亦是如此,他们大多把"自然"与"蒙昧"、"动物本能"联系到一起.然而,卢梭作为启蒙运动思想界的一只奇葩,却从人性完满的角度对此进行了精心的预设,他把"自然状态"视为批判现代社会腐朽与堕落的参考系,把"自然"视为人性完满与和谐的终极依据.卢梭在"自然"概念中添加了"自由意志"与"可完善性"的特质,并且更多地把"自然"与"自由意志"的概念联系起来,但是,在人的"自然本性"与"自由意志"之间他并没有偏向任何一方,而是使双方达到一种微妙的平衡.     

论先秦儒家经权思想

先秦儒学中经与权的关系,与群己、义利之辩紧密地联系着,是先秦儒家哲学所关注的主要问题之一.不同的儒家思想家对经权关系的阐释不尽相同,但作为先秦儒家整体趋向的则是在强调经即道德原则绝对性的同时,没有否认权变,这在某种程度上意味着对权即道德原则相对性的确认.在经权关系上,先秦儒家的思路大致预示了两个方面的问题:其一,对作为经之本的仁义的普遍制约性的强调,蕴含着导向独断论与权威主义的理论向度;其二,对权即道德原则相对性的确认,又在一定程度上构成了对独断论与权威主义的内在限制.     

《新青年》“随感录”研究

"随感录"是五四新文化运动的主要阵地《新青年》所首创的报刊专栏,"随感录"以其独特的言说方式在它的周围聚集了一批"五四运动"的主将,成为他们抨击封建思想文化和不良时政的一种理想方式。他的开创者陈独秀不仅首创了"随感录"这种讲究时效性、新闻性的杂感类专栏,启发了当时的许多报刊纷纷仿效并开辟了"随感录"以及类似的专栏,为当时知识分子开拓了一种新的批评空间;同时"随感录"也成为了一个文体概念,陈独秀首创的这一文体成为了中国现代杂文的雏形,并为日后以鲁迅为代表的杂文的成熟奠定了基础。