基于大涡模拟方法和修正的气泡平衡方程的舰船尾流气泡聚并研究

基于大涡模拟方法(LES)和经专门修正的气泡群平衡方程(D-BPBE),对舰船尾流中普遍存在的气泡聚并现象进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:气泡聚并对尾流总气泡数密度的分布(BND)影响不大,但却是影响尾流气含量分布的主要因素;其原因在于气泡聚并主要发生于有大尺寸气泡参与的情形。虽然从数密度而言,大尺寸(500~1 000μm)气泡相对尾流总气泡的比例较小,但它是尾流中气含量的主要载体,因而往往直接决定着气含量沿尾流流向的分布特征。研究同时表明了气含量的分布特征为,近尾流区(约1.8 km内)近似以乘幂形式衰减,远尾流区以线性格式衰减。结论弥补了当前针对舰船尾流的研究一直不能明确气泡聚并在尾流气泡分布中的作用这一根本缺陷。     

舰船尾流气泡数密度分布的实验模拟

为了能在实验室中为评估激光、超声探测舰船气泡尾流的检测技术提供检测对象,提出了基于电解产生氢气泡定量模拟实际舰船尾流气泡数密度的方法．依据电化学及气泡动力学原理推导了金属丝通电电流与气泡数密度的关系,在对舰船尾流场气泡数密度估计的基础上,给出了在船池中为布置在水中的金属丝通上给定的电流,模拟驱逐舰远场气泡尾流的具体方案,实验表明该方法对于舰船远场气泡尾流场的模拟比较右神     

基于相群平衡模型的舰船气泡尾流数值模拟

为了获得舰船气泡尾流中的气泡尺度分布规律,首先采用欧拉双流体模型（Euler Two Fluid Model）中的单一气泡模型对集装箱船模型KCS（KRISO Container Ship）进行了数值模拟.然后将气泡分组,进行基于相群平衡模型（Population Balance Model）的数值模拟.获得的气泡数密度和体积分率等气泡分布特征后,通过对索特平均直径的分析,探讨了初始平均气泡直径的选取和气泡尺寸分组等因素对气泡尾流的影响.结果表明：大气泡将聚集在船体表面;自由面则以小气泡为主.ETF模拟可以作为PBM计算的初值.当初始化的均一气泡直径取值越接近索特平均直径,PBM计算越容易收敛.     

两种群体平衡模型在大规模多粒径泡状流中的应用研究

为了研究大规模多粒径泡状流流动特性,考虑到气泡聚并、破裂等微观机制现象对气泡尺寸、数密度等宏观参量的影响,分别采用两种基于群体平衡方程的数学模型———群数密度传递(BNDT)模型与多气泡组质量传递(MUSIG)模型,对具有聚并主导趋势特征的多粒径气液泡状流实验MTLOOP进行数值模拟,并与实验进行了对比研究,结果发现:两种群体平衡模型均可以较准确地捕捉到多粒径泡状流中气泡尺寸变化趋势以及含气率分布特征转换,且预测精度相当;与MUSIG模型相比,BNDT模型计算时间节省了1/20～1/10,因此更适用于火箭工程中大型气液泡状流的工程预测.     

基于鱼雷制导的表层气泡尾迹主要特征研究

表层气泡尾迹由于其特殊的形成机制和丰富的信号特征,直接影响了可被探测的尾流自导作用距离,成为新型鱼雷尾流制导技术领域的重点研究对象。为此,本文在气泡运动基本方程基础上,考虑表层流场因素重点是波浪条件的影响,构建表层尾迹场气泡运动的耦合模型,进而分析了可有效表征表层气泡尾迹特征的气泡存留时间和数密度。结果表明,表层流场因素对气泡的主要特征变化影响显著,相对于静水条件,气泡存留时间最大可延长17倍,气泡相对数密度衰减时间最大可延长9倍。这对利用表层气泡尾迹主要特征进行制导的新型尾流自导鱼雷来说,可较大提高尾流自导作用距离。     

电磁搅拌钢包内气泡聚并破裂行为

结合气液两相流欧拉模型与考虑气泡破碎聚并的颗粒群平衡模型,研究了电磁搅拌下底吹钢包内流场分布及气泡尺寸分布.结果表明:搅拌器向上搅拌时钢包内形成一个大循环流场,而向下搅拌时钢包内形成了一个大的回流区和一个小的回流区.钢包内气泡分布为气液两相区中心区域气泡直径最大,气液两相区边界处直径较小,且从气液两相区中心到气液边界气泡直径逐渐减小.电流越大,气液两相区域在垂直方向上偏转程度越大,而且电流越大,气液两相区中心大气泡分布区域也越大.电磁搅拌器向下搅拌时气液两相中心区域大气泡直径分布区域小于向上搅拌.大气泡偏转程度小于小气泡,大气泡偏向钢包中心轴线一侧.     

用Level Set方法对水下两个气泡运动的数值模拟

利用Level Set方法,三维数值模拟了两个气泡的上升运动.通过改变气泡尺寸及位置,研究气泡对在上升过程中的尾迹流及其相互作用规律.数值模拟准确再现了气泡对的变形、吸引或排斥行为,气泡上升速度计算结果与经验关联式结果吻合;气泡周围的速度场揭示了两个气泡尾迹流的流体动力学作用;对于水平或垂直放置的气泡对,当下方气泡有大于50%的投影面积进入到上方气泡的尾流区时,两个气泡将发生聚并现象.     

加压溶气气浮气含率分布与气泡聚并规律研究

加压溶气气浮技术是污水除油中常用的高效工艺,气泡的大小和分布对除油效率的影响至关重要。本文基于相群平衡模型,对溶气气浮器内两相流动及气泡聚并进行数值模拟,并进行实验研究加以验证,建立了气浮器接触区模型,研究了气泡聚并及气含率分布规律,分析了释放头不同气液比和接触区高度对气含率分布和气泡聚并情况的影响。结果表明,接触区气含率随气液比增大而升高,随接触区高度的增加而降低,气泡在上浮过程中会发生聚并使得气泡变大,稳定性变差,同时加快上浮速度,会影响接触区的气含率分布。通过微观模拟发现大粒径微气泡在上浮过程中更容易发生聚并,小粒径微气泡则由于表面张力作用稳定性更强,不易发生变形和聚并。研究结果为溶气气浮气液比的选择和浮选过程气含率和气泡分布的研究提供参考。     

正丁醇和表观气速对外环流反应器内气泡特征的影响

用双探针电导探头测量了外环流反应器内空气-水和空气-正丁醇水溶液体系中气含率、气泡平均(Sauter)直径、气泡上升速度、气泡尺寸分布以及气液相界面积.考察正丁醇浓度和气速对流型和气泡特征的影响规律,用流体动力学理论和聚并机理对其进行分析.得到实验条件下正丁醇水溶液浓度影响气含率的临界浓度Ccrit.     

双层半圆管盘式涡轮桨搅拌槽气液分散特性的数值模拟

采用基于气泡聚并和破碎机理的群体平衡（PBM-MUSIG）模型,对双层半圆管盘式涡轮桨搅拌槽内的气液分散特性进行了数值模拟;考察了不同通气量和操作转速下气液搅拌槽内流体流动,局部气含率和气泡尺寸的分布规律。模拟结果表明：通气工况下搅拌槽内的液相流场具有双循环流动形式;采用PBM-MUSIG模型预测的局部气含率分布与文献实验数据吻合较好;搅拌槽内气泡尺寸随转速增加而减小,随气量增加而增大;桨叶排出流区域内气泡尺寸较小,近壁区和循环区内气泡尺寸较大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-