3—（芳酰基乙基）—斯德酮的合成

了Ｒ＝Ａｒ－Ｃ＾｜｜Ｏ－ＣＨ２ＣＨ２－的３－（芳酰基乙基）－斯德酮的合成，其方法是：将芳香酮、甲醛与甘氨酸进行Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应，得Ｉ：Ａｒ－ＣＯ－ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＮＨＣＨ２ＣＯＯＨ．ＨＣｌ；Ｉ经亚硝化得Ⅱ：Ａｒ－ＣＯ－ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｎ（ＮＯ）ＣＨ２ＣＯＯＨ；Ⅱ用乙酸酐脱水环化，得Ⅲ，即３－（芳酰基乙基）－斯德酮。为验证Ⅲ的结论，将其进行溴化，得Ⅳ，即３－（芳酰基乙基）－４－溴－斯德酮，Ｉ的部分化合物及     

3──肉桂酰基-5─溴酚酮的合成

本文研究了３－肉桂酰基革酚酮的５位单溴代产物的合成，设计路线为：以２－肉桂酰基－７－甲氨基革酮（１）为起始原料，首先进行溴化得到２－肉桂酰基－４─溴－７─甲氨基酮（２）：化合物（２）在氢氧化钠碱性溶液中水解得到目标物３─肉桂酰基－５－溴酚酮（３），化合物２，３为尚未见文献报道的新化合物，它们的结构经物质性质的测定，光谱数据和元素分析得到证实。     

3－（芳酰基乙基）－斯德酮的合成

报导了的３－（芳酰基乙基）－斯德酮的合成。其方法是：将芳香酮、甲醛与甘氨酸进行Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应，得Ⅰ：Ａｒ─ＣＯ─ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＮＨＣＨ２ＣＯＯＨ·ＨＣｌ；Ⅰ经亚硝化得Ⅱ：Ａｒ─ＣＯ─ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｎ（ＮＯ）ＣＨ２ＣＯＯＨ；Ⅱ用乙酸酐脱水环化，得Ⅲ，即３－（芳酰基乙基）－斯德酮．为验证Ⅲ的结构，将其进行溴化，得Ⅳ，即３－（芳酰基乙基）－４－溴－斯德酮。Ⅰ的部分化合物及Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ皆为未见文献报导过的化合物，它们的结构经元素分析，ＩＲ，１ＨＮＭＲ，ＭＳ所证实。     

3［（4‘—羟基）—2’—喹啉基］zhuo酚酮的合成及溴代和偶联反应

报道了Ｐｆｉｔｚｉｎｇｅｒ喹啉合成法在ｚｈｕｏ酚酮领域中的首次应用。３－乙酰基ｚｈｕｏ酚酮（Ⅰ）在氯氧化钾存在下与靛红反应,得到了喹啉基取代的ｚｈｕｏ酚酮化合物３－［（４’－羟基）－２’－喹啉基］ｚｈｕｏ酚酮（Ⅱ）;化合物Ⅱ的溴化反应得到双代产物５,７－二溴－３－［（４’－羟基）－２’－喹啉基］ｚｈｕｏ酚酮（Ⅲ）;化合物Ⅱ的偶氮偶联反应得到５位偶氮偶联产物５－苯偶氮基－３－［（４’－羟基）－２’－     

3─〔(4’─羧基)─2’─喹啉基〕酚酮的合成及溴代和偶联反应

本文报道了ＰＦＩＴＺＩＮＧＥＲ喹啉合成法在■酚酮领域中的首次应用。３─乙酰基■酚酮１在氢氧化钾存在下与靛红反应，得到了喹啉基取代的酚酮化合物３－［（４’─羧基）─２’─喹啉基］■酚酮２；化合物２的溴化反应得到双溴代产物５，７─二溴─３─［（４’─羧基）─２’─喹啉基］酚酮３；化合物２的偶联反应得到５位偶联产物５─苯偶氮基─３─［（４’─羧基）─２’─喹啉基］酚酮４。化合物２，３，４为尚未见文献报道的新化合物，它们的结构经红外光谱、核磁共振谱及元素分析予以证实。     

3－乙酰基酚酮与TMB等芳醛缩合反应的研究

本文探讨了３－乙酰基酚酮与ＴＭＢ等芳香醛的羟醛缩合反应．３－乙酰基酚酮与ＴＭＢ、丁香醛、胡椒醛等取代醛反应分别生成３－［３，４，５－三甲氧基］肉桂酰基酚酮、３－［４－羟基－３，５－二甲氧基］肉桂酰基酚酮、３－［３，４－亚甲二氧基］肉桂酰基酚酮，与桂皮醛反应生成３－［５－苯基－２，４－戊二烯酰基］酚酮等四种新化合物．其结构经红外光谱、核磁共振谱及元素分析得以证实     

光致变色剂5－甲基螺噁嗪的改良合成

报道了先致变色剂５－甲基螺嗪的改良合成，关键中间体２，３，３，５－四甲基－３Ｈ－吲哚由相应芳胺经Ｍｏｈｌａｕ－Ｂｉｓｈｌｅｒ反应制备。所需原料３－溴－３－甲基－２－丁酮由相应酮在四氯化碳中，无催化剂条件下与溴反应制得。改进了由５－甲基费歇尔碱和１－亚硝基－２－萘酚制备目标分子的操作方法，对有关反应机理进行了探讨并研制出光致变色油墨。     

光致变色剂5—甲基螺恶嗪的改良合成

报道了光致变色剂５－甲基螺恶嗪的改良合成，关键中间体２，３，３，５－四甲基－３Ｈ－吲哚由相应芳胺经Ｍｏｈｌａｕ－Ｂｉｓｈｌｅｒ反应制备。所需原料３－溴－３－甲基－２－丁酮由相应酮在四氯化碳中，无催化剂条件下与溴反应制得。改进了由５－甲基费歇尔碱和１－亚硝基－２－萘酚制备目标分子的操作方法，对有关反应机理进行了探讨并研制出光致变色油墨。     

乙酰基取代的酮和酚酮化合物与芳醛了缩合反应──缩杂环酮化合物的合成(V)

为寻找具有生理活性的Ｔｒｏｐｏｎｏｉｄｓ，选择３－乙酰基■酚酮（１）和２－乙酰基－７－甲基■酮（６）与ＴＭＢ等取代醛反应得到缩合产物（２－５），（７－９）；缩合产物３－（３，４，５，－三甲氧基）肉桂酰基酚酮（２）和３－（３，４－亚甲二氧基）肉桂酰基■酚酮（４）与羟氨和苯肼进行缩合成环得到苯乙烯基取代的缩杂环■酮化合物（１０－１３）；化合物（１）与３，４，５－三甲氧基苯甲醛在原甲酸三乙酯和高氯酸存在下反应一步得到２－（３，４，５－三甲氧基）苯基－４，９－二氢环庚并吡喃－４，９－二酮（１４）。以上化合物（２－５），（７－１４）为尚未见文献报道的新化合物，其结构经光谱分析和元素分析予以证实。     

螺［5．5］十一烷┐3┐酮的合成

研究了螺［５．５］十一烷－３－酮新的合成路线，即环己酮１经环氧化生成１－氧杂螺［２．５］辛烷２；２再与路易斯酸作用发生氢重排生成甲酰环己酮３；３与甲基乙烯酮在酸的催化下经迈克尔加成反应得到１－螺［５．５］十一烯－３－酮４；最后经加氢生成目的产物螺［５．５］十一烷－３－酮５，总收率为２８．９％，反应步骤少、操作简单     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.